37 research outputs found
Evaluation of the effect of long-term use of glucocorticoids on the risk of developing diabetes mellitus in patients with gout
BACKGROUND: Patients with gout often take glucocorticoidsΒ (GCs) and are at high risk of developingΒ type 2 diabetes mellitus (DM2).AIM: Evaluation of the effect of long-term use of low doses of GCs on the risk of developing DM in patients with gout based on the results of a retrospective observationMATERIALS AND METHODS: 317 out of 444 patients with gout and no DM2 who participated in a prospective study of risk factors for DM2 were included. The sample did not include patients who used GCs duringΒ the observation period to relieve an acute attack of arthritis, regardless of the method of their use (n=88) and who did not complete the study (n=39). The remainingΒ patients were retrospectively dividedΒ into 2 groups: those who continuouslyΒ took prednisoloneΒ at a dose of 5-10 mg/day for β₯180 days and did not use GCs during the observation period. Scheduled visits were carried out at least once every 2 years. DuringΒ the 1st visit, patients were prescribed or corrected both urate-lowering and prophylacticΒ antiinflammatory therapy, includingΒ low doses of GCs. The primary end point was the development of DM2, carbohydrate metabolism indicators (HbA1cΒ levels, serum glucose levels) were compared at baseline and at the end of the study.RESULTS: Of 317 patients with gout, 76 patients (24%) were continuously taking prednisolone at a dose of 5-10 mg/day for β₯180 days, 241 patients (76%) did not receive GCs duringΒ the entire follow-up period. The average dose of prednisolone in patients of the main group was 7.9Β±1.2 mg/day, the duration of treatment was 206.3Β±20.4 days.DM2 developedΒ duringΒ the observation period in 20% of the main group and in 22% of the comparison group (p=0.73). Patients who took GC were older than those who did not take GC (p=0.01), they were more likely to have CHF (p=0.04). There were no significant differences between the groups for the rest of the compared parameters. In patients treated with low doses of GC β a significant increase in the average level of HbA1cΒ (p=0.002); an increase in the number of patients with glucose levels β₯6.1 mmol/l (p=0.004) by the end of the study relative to the baseline. The initial level of HbA1cΒ in patients who developed DM2 was expectedly higher, among them smokers were more often detected (p=0.01), they had a higher level of serum UA (p=0.001). The prevalence of other risk factors for DM in those who developed and did not develop DM2 did not differ significantly.CONCLUSION: Long-term use of low doses of GC in patients with gout does not significantly increase the risk of developing DM2, but may have a negative effect on carbohydrate metabolism
ΠΠ½Π³ΠΈΠ±ΠΈΡΠΎΡΡ ΠΊΡΠ°Π½ΡΠΈΠ½ΠΎΠΊΡΠΈΠ΄Π°Π·Ρ ΠΏΡΠΈ Π°ΡΠΈΠΌΠΏΡΠΎΠΌΠ°ΡΠΈΡΠ΅ΡΠΊΠΎΠΉ Π³ΠΈΠΏΠ΅ΡΡΡΠΈΠΊΠ΅ΠΌΠΈΠΈ
Asymptomatic hyperuricemia (AHU) is a condition, in which the serum concentration of uric acid (UA) is increased (>420 ΞΌmol/l in men or >360 ΞΌmol/l in women) and there are no signs of the formation of urate crystals. The worldwide prevalence rate of AHU has been on the increase in recent decades: it has been detected in approximately every five inhabitants of the Earth. In 10% of adults, hyperuricemia (HU) occurs at least once in a lifetime. In the process of evolution, HU has been useful; it has contributed to the intellectual development of man, owing to the activation of neurostimulating adenosine receptors, and to his survival under cold and hunger conditions. However, the negative role of UA in the genesis of different metabolic disorders, cardiovascular diseases (CVD), and kidney diseases has been discussed in recent decades. The association of elevated UA levels with almost all CVD risk factors makes it difficult to answer the question of whether UA plays a causative role in the development of heart disease, kidney disease, or carbohydrate metabolism disorders, or it is only a marker for their increased risk.Whether HU that is uncomplicated by joint damage, urolithiasis, or urate nephropathy should be treated is another question that is currently being actively discussed. Although the routine prophylactic urate-lowering therapy is not indicated in the vast majority of cases of AHU, there is growing evidence that this correction is necessary in some groups of patients. The use of xanthine oxidase (XO) inhibitors in a number of trials was accompanied by a reduction in the risk of CVD and by an improvement in renal function. Epidemiological studies have also established that there is a significant positive correlation of the serum concentration of UA with obesity, dyslipidemia, insulin resistance, and cerebrovascular and peripheral vascular diseases. Further investigations are needed to study the impact of lowering UA levels and that of therapy with XO inhibitors on the progression of different diseases.ΠΡΠΈΠΌΠΏΡΠΎΠΌΠ°ΡΠΈΡΠ΅ΡΠΊΠ°Ρ Π³ΠΈΠΏΠ΅ΡΡΡΠΈΠΊΠ΅ΠΌΠΈΡ (ΠΠΠ£) β ΡΠΎΡΡΠΎΡΠ½ΠΈΠ΅, ΠΏΡΠΈ ΠΊΠΎΡΠΎΡΠΎΠΌ ΠΊΠΎΠ½ΡΠ΅Π½ΡΡΠ°ΡΠΈΡ ΠΌΠΎΡΠ΅Π²ΠΎΠΉ ΠΊΠΈΡΠ»ΠΎΡΡ (ΠΠ) Π² ΡΡΠ²ΠΎΡΠΎΡΠΊΠ΅ ΠΊΡΠΎΠ²ΠΈ ΠΏΠΎΠ²ΡΡΠ΅Π½Π° (>420 ΠΌΠΊΠΌΠΎΠ»Ρ/Π» Ρ ΠΌΡΠΆΡΠΈΠ½ ΠΈΠ»ΠΈ >360 ΠΌΠΊΠΌΠΎΠ»Ρ/Π» Ρ ΠΆΠ΅Π½ΡΠΈΠ½) ΠΈ ΠΎΡΡΡΡΡΡΠ²ΡΡΡ ΠΏΡΠΈΠ·Π½Π°ΠΊΠΈ ΠΎΠ±ΡΠ°Π·ΠΎΠ²Π°Π½ΠΈΡ ΠΊΡΠΈΡΡΠ°Π»Π»ΠΎΠ² ΡΡΠ°ΡΠΎΠ². Π ΠΏΠΎΡΠ»Π΅Π΄Π½ΠΈΠ΅ Π΄Π΅ΡΡΡΠΈΠ»Π΅ΡΠΈΡ ΡΠ°ΡΠΏΡΠΎΡΡΡΠ°Π½Π΅Π½Π½ΠΎΡΡΡ ΠΠΠ£ Π² ΠΌΠΈΡΠ΅ ΡΠ²Π΅Π»ΠΈΡΠΈΠ²Π°Π΅ΡΡΡ: Π΅Π΅ Π²ΡΡΠ²Π»ΡΡΡ ΠΏΡΠΈΠΌΠ΅ΡΠ½ΠΎ Ρ ΠΊΠ°ΠΆΠ΄ΠΎΠ³ΠΎ 5-Π³ΠΎ ΠΆΠΈΡΠ΅Π»Ρ ΠΠ΅ΠΌΠ»ΠΈ. Π£ 10% Π²Π·ΡΠΎΡΠ»ΡΡ
Π»ΡΠ΄Π΅ΠΉ Π³ΠΈΠΏΠ΅ΡΡΡΠΈΠΊΠ΅ΠΌΠΈΡ (ΠΠ£) Π²ΠΎΠ·Π½ΠΈΠΊΠ°Π΅Ρ Ρ
ΠΎΡΡ Π±Ρ ΡΠ°Π· Π² ΠΆΠΈΠ·Π½ΠΈ. Π ΠΏΡΠΎΡΠ΅ΡΡΠ΅ ΡΠ²ΠΎΠ»ΡΡΠΈΠΈ ΠΠ£ Π±ΡΠ»Π° ΠΏΠΎΠ»Π΅Π·Π½Π°, ΠΎΠ½Π° ΡΠΏΠΎΡΠΎΠ±ΡΡΠ²ΠΎΠ²Π°Π»Π° ΠΈΠ½ΡΠ΅Π»Π»Π΅ΠΊΡΡΠ°Π»ΡΠ½ΠΎΠΌΡ ΡΠ°Π·Π²ΠΈΡΠΈΡ ΡΠ΅Π»ΠΎΠ²Π΅ΠΊΠ°, Π±Π»Π°Π³ΠΎΠ΄Π°ΡΡ Π°ΠΊΡΠΈΠ²ΠΈΠ·Π°ΡΠΈΠΈ Π½Π΅ΠΉΡΠΎΡΡΠΈΠΌΡΠ»ΠΈΡΡΡΡΠΈΡ
ΡΠ΅ΡΠ΅ΠΏΡΠΎΡΠΎΠ² Π°Π΄Π΅Π½ΠΎΠ·ΠΈΠ½Π°, ΠΈ Π΅Π³ΠΎ Π²ΡΠΆΠΈΠ²Π°Π½ΠΈΡ Π² ΡΡΠ»ΠΎΠ²ΠΈΡΡ
Ρ
ΠΎΠ»ΠΎΠ΄Π° ΠΈ Π³ΠΎΠ»ΠΎΠ΄Π°. ΠΠ΄Π½Π°ΠΊΠΎ Π² ΠΏΠΎΡΠ»Π΅Π΄Π½ΠΈΠ΅ Π΄Π΅ΡΡΡΠΈΠ»Π΅ΡΠΈΡ ΠΎΠ±ΡΡΠΆΠ΄Π°Π΅ΡΡΡ ΡΠΊΠΎΡΠ΅Π΅ Π½Π΅Π³Π°ΡΠΈΠ²Π½Π°Ρ ΡΠΎΠ»Ρ ΠΠ Π² Π³Π΅Π½Π΅Π·Π΅ ΡΠ°Π·Π»ΠΈΡΠ½ΡΡ
ΠΎΠ±ΠΌΠ΅Π½Π½ΡΡ
Π½Π°ΡΡΡΠ΅Π½ΠΈΠΉ, ΡΠ΅ΡΠ΄Π΅ΡΠ½ΠΎ-ΡΠΎΡΡΠ΄ΠΈΡΡΡΡ
Π·Π°Π±ΠΎΠ»Π΅Π²Π°Π½ΠΈΠΉ (Π‘Π‘Π), Π±ΠΎΠ»Π΅Π·Π½Π΅ΠΉ ΠΏΠΎΡΠ΅ΠΊ. ΠΡΡΠΎΡΠΈΠ°ΡΠΈΡ ΠΏΠΎΠ²ΡΡΠ΅Π½Π½ΠΎΠ³ΠΎ ΡΡΠΎΠ²Π½Ρ ΠΠ ΠΏΠΎΡΡΠΈ ΡΠΎ Π²ΡΠ΅ΠΌΠΈ ΡΠ°ΠΊΡΠΎΡΠ°ΠΌΠΈ ΡΠΈΡΠΊΠ° Π‘Π‘Π Π·Π°ΡΡΡΠ΄Π½ΡΠ΅Ρ ΠΎΡΠ²Π΅Ρ Π½Π° Π²ΠΎΠΏΡΠΎΡ, ΠΈΠ³ΡΠ°Π΅Ρ Π»ΠΈ ΠΠ ΠΏΡΠΈΡΠΈΠ½Π½ΡΡ ΡΠΎΠ»Ρ Π² ΡΠ°Π·Π²ΠΈΡΠΈΠΈ Π±ΠΎΠ»Π΅Π·Π½Π΅ΠΉ ΡΠ΅ΡΠ΄ΡΠ°, ΠΏΠΎΡΠ΅ΠΊ, Π½Π°ΡΡΡΠ΅Π½ΠΈΠΉ ΡΠ³Π»Π΅Π²ΠΎΠ΄Π½ΠΎΠ³ΠΎ ΠΎΠ±ΠΌΠ΅Π½Π° ΠΈΠ»ΠΈ ΠΆΠ΅ ΡΠ²Π»ΡΠ΅ΡΡΡ ΡΠΎΠ»ΡΠΊΠΎ ΠΌΠ°ΡΠΊΠ΅ΡΠΎΠΌ ΠΈΡ
ΠΏΠΎΠ²ΡΡΠ΅Π½Π½ΠΎΠ³ΠΎ ΡΠΈΡΠΊΠ°?Π‘Π»Π΅Π΄ΡΠ΅Ρ Π»ΠΈ Π»Π΅ΡΠΈΡΡ ΠΠ£, Π½Π΅ ΠΎΡΠ»ΠΎΠΆΠ½Π΅Π½Π½ΡΡ ΠΏΠΎΡΠ°ΠΆΠ΅Π½ΠΈΠ΅ΠΌ ΡΡΡΡΠ°Π²ΠΎΠ², ΠΌΠΎΡΠ΅ΠΊΠ°ΠΌΠ΅Π½Π½ΠΎΠΉ Π±ΠΎΠ»Π΅Π·Π½ΡΡ ΠΈΠ»ΠΈ ΠΌΠΎΡΠ΅ΠΊΠΈΡΠ»ΠΎΠΉ Π½Π΅ΡΡΠΎΠΏΠ°ΡΠΈΠ΅ΠΉ, β Π΅ΡΠ΅ ΠΎΠ΄ΠΈΠ½ Π²ΠΎΠΏΡΠΎΡ, ΠΊΠΎΡΠΎΡΡΠΉ Π°ΠΊΡΠΈΠ²Π½ΠΎ ΠΎΠ±ΡΡΠΆΠ΄Π°Π΅ΡΡΡ Π² Π½Π°ΡΡΠΎΡΡΠ΅Π΅ Π²ΡΠ΅ΠΌΡ. Π Ρ
ΠΎΡΡ ΡΡΡΠΈΠ½Π½Π°Ρ ΠΏΡΠΎΡΠΈΠ»Π°ΠΊΡΠΈΡΠ΅ΡΠΊΠ°Ρ ΡΡΠ°ΡΡΠ½ΠΈΠΆΠ°ΡΡΠ°Ρ ΡΠ΅ΡΠ°ΠΏΠΈΡ Π½Π΅ ΠΏΠΎΠΊΠ°Π·Π°Π½Π° Π² ΠΏΠΎΠ΄Π°Π²Π»ΡΡΡΠ΅ΠΌ Π±ΠΎΠ»ΡΡΠΈΠ½ΡΡΠ²Π΅ ΡΠ»ΡΡΠ°Π΅Π² ΠΠΠ£, ΠΏΠΎΡΠ²Π»ΡΠ΅ΡΡΡ Π²ΡΠ΅ Π±ΠΎΠ»ΡΡΠ΅ Π΄Π°Π½Π½ΡΡ
ΠΎ Π½Π΅ΠΎΠ±Ρ
ΠΎΠ΄ΠΈΠΌΠΎΡΡΠΈ ΡΠ°ΠΊΠΎΠΉ ΠΊΠΎΡΡΠ΅ΠΊΡΠΈΠΈ Ρ Π½Π΅ΠΊΠΎΡΠΎΡΡΡ
Π³ΡΡΠΏΠΏ ΠΏΠ°ΡΠΈΠ΅Π½ΡΠΎΠ². ΠΡΠΈΠΌΠ΅Π½Π΅Π½ΠΈΠ΅ ΠΈΠ½Π³ΠΈΠ±ΠΈΡΠΎΡΠΎΠ² ΠΊΡΠ°Π½ΡΠΈΠ½ΠΎΠΊΡΠΈΠ΄Π°Π·Ρ (ΠΠ‘Π) Π² ΡΡΠ΄Π΅ ΠΈΡΡΠ»Π΅Π΄ΠΎΠ²Π°Π½ΠΈΠΉ ΡΠΎΠΏΡΠΎΠ²ΠΎΠΆΠ΄Π°Π»ΠΎΡΡ ΡΠ½ΠΈΠΆΠ΅Π½ΠΈΠ΅ΠΌ ΡΠΈΡΠΊΠ° ΡΠ°Π·Π²ΠΈΡΠΈΡ Π‘Π‘Π, ΡΠ»ΡΡΡΠ΅Π½ΠΈΠ΅ΠΌ ΡΡΠ½ΠΊΡΠΈΠΈ ΠΏΠΎΡΠ΅ΠΊ. Π ΡΠΏΠΈΠ΄Π΅ΠΌΠΈΠΎΠ»ΠΎΠ³ΠΈΡΠ΅ΡΠΊΠΈΡ
ΠΈΡΡΠ»Π΅Π΄ΠΎΠ²Π°Π½ΠΈΡΡ
ΡΠ°ΠΊΠΆΠ΅ ΡΡΡΠ°Π½ΠΎΠ²Π»Π΅Π½Π° Π΄ΠΎΡΡΠΎΠ²Π΅ΡΠ½Π°Ρ ΠΏΠΎΠ»ΠΎΠΆΠΈΡΠ΅Π»ΡΠ½Π°Ρ ΠΊΠΎΡΡΠ΅Π»ΡΡΠΈΡ ΠΊΠΎΠ½ΡΠ΅Π½ΡΡΠ°ΡΠΈΠΈ ΠΠ Π² ΡΡΠ²ΠΎΡΠΎΡΠΊΠ΅ ΠΊΡΠΎΠ²ΠΈ Ρ ΠΎΠΆΠΈΡΠ΅Π½ΠΈΠ΅ΠΌ, Π΄ΠΈΡΠ»ΠΈΠΏΠΈΠ΄Π΅ΠΌΠΈΠ΅ΠΉ, ΠΈΠ½ΡΡΠ»ΠΈΠ½ΠΎΡΠ΅Π·ΠΈΡΡΠ΅Π½ΡΠ½ΠΎΡΡΡΡ, ΡΠ΅ΡΠ΅Π±ΡΠΎΠ²Π°ΡΠΊΡΠ»ΡΡΠ½ΡΠΌΠΈ ΠΈ ΠΏΠ΅ΡΠΈΡΠ΅ΡΠΈΡΠ΅ΡΠΊΠΈΠΌΠΈ ΡΠΎΡΡΠ΄ΠΈΡΡΡΠΌΠΈ Π·Π°Π±ΠΎΠ»Π΅Π²Π°Π½ΠΈΡΠΌΠΈ. ΠΠ΅ΠΎΠ±Ρ
ΠΎΠ΄ΠΈΠΌΡ Π΄Π°Π»ΡΠ½Π΅ΠΉΡΠΈΠ΅ ΠΈΡΡΠ»Π΅Π΄ΠΎΠ²Π°Π½ΠΈΡ, ΠΏΠΎΡΠ²ΡΡΠ΅Π½Π½ΡΠ΅ ΠΈΠ·ΡΡΠ΅Π½ΠΈΡ Π²Π»ΠΈΡΠ½ΠΈΡ ΡΠ½ΠΈΠΆΠ΅Π½ΠΈΡ ΡΡΠΎΠ²Π½Ρ ΠΠ, Π° ΡΠ°ΠΊΠΆΠ΅ ΡΠ΅ΡΠ°ΠΏΠΈΠΈ ΠΈΠ½Π³ΠΈΠ±ΠΈΡΠΎΡΠ°ΠΌΠΈ ΠΠ‘Π Π½Π° ΠΏΡΠΎΠ³ΡΠ΅ΡΡΠΈΡΠΎΠ²Π°Π½ΠΈΠ΅ ΡΠ°Π·Π»ΠΈΡΠ½ΡΡ
Π·Π°Π±ΠΎΠ»Π΅Π²Π°Π½ΠΈΠΉ
Π£ΡΠ°ΡΡΠ½ΠΈΠΆΠ°ΡΡΠ°Ρ ΡΠ΅ΡΠ°ΠΏΠΈΡ ΠΏΡΠΈ ΡΠ΅ΡΠ΄Π΅ΡΠ½ΠΎΠΉ Π½Π΅Π΄ΠΎΡΡΠ°ΡΠΎΡΠ½ΠΎΡΡΠΈ
Heart failure (HF) is one of the major public health problems in developed countries. Hyperuricemia (HU) is often found in patients with chronic HF (CHF) and is a well-known independent predictor for mortality and re-hospitalization for the progression of HF. The association of HU with worse clinical outcomes in patients with CHF may be attributed to the effects of uric acid (UA) and the enzyme xanthine oxidase (XO) on the vascular endothelium, which leads to the release of inflammatory cytokines and reactive oxygen species. The presence of this mechanism leads to an interest in exploring the potential benefits of inhibiting XO in patients with HF. XO inhibitors are likely to become a new tool to improve prognosis in these patients.Π‘Π΅ΡΠ΄Π΅ΡΠ½Π°Ρ Π½Π΅Π΄ΠΎΡΡΠ°ΡΠΎΡΠ½ΠΎΡΡΡ (Π‘Π) β ΠΎΠ΄Π½Π° ΠΈΠ· ΠΎΡΠ½ΠΎΠ²Π½ΡΡ
ΠΏΡΠΎΠ±Π»Π΅ΠΌ ΠΎΠ±ΡΠ΅ΡΡΠ²Π΅Π½Π½ΠΎΠ³ΠΎ Π·Π΄ΡΠ°Π²ΠΎΠΎΡ
ΡΠ°Π½Π΅Π½ΠΈΡ ΡΠ°Π·Π²ΠΈΡΡΡ
ΡΡΡΠ°Π½. ΠΠΈΠΏΠ΅ΡΡΡΠΈΠΊΠ΅ΠΌΠΈΡ (ΠΠ£) ΡΠ°ΡΡΠΎ ΠΎΠ±Π½Π°ΡΡΠΆΠΈΠ²Π°Π΅ΡΡΡ Ρ ΠΏΠ°ΡΠΈΠ΅Π½ΡΠΎΠ² Ρ Ρ
ΡΠΎΠ½ΠΈΡΠ΅ΡΠΊΠΎΠΉ Π‘Π (Π₯Π‘Π) ΠΈ ΡΠ²Π»ΡΠ΅ΡΡΡ ΠΈΠ·Π²Π΅ΡΡΠ½ΡΠΌ Π½Π΅Π·Π°Π²ΠΈΡΠΈΠΌΡΠΌ ΠΏΡΠ΅Π΄ΠΈΠΊΡΠΎΡΠΎΠΌ ΡΠΌΠ΅ΡΡΠ½ΠΎΡΡΠΈ ΠΈ ΠΏΠΎΠ²ΡΠΎΡΠ½ΠΎΠΉ Π³ΠΎΡΠΏΠΈΡΠ°Π»ΠΈΠ·Π°ΡΠΈΠΈ ΠΈΠ·-Π·Π° ΠΏΡΠΎΠ³ΡΠ΅ΡΡΠΈΡΠΎΠ²Π°Π½ΠΈΡ Π‘Π. Π‘Π²ΡΠ·Ρ ΠΠ£ Ρ Ρ
ΡΠ΄ΡΠΈΠΌΠΈ ΠΊΠ»ΠΈΠ½ΠΈΡΠ΅ΡΠΊΠΈΠΌΠΈ ΠΈΡΡ
ΠΎΠ΄Π°ΠΌΠΈ Ρ ΠΏΠ°ΡΠΈΠ΅Π½ΡΠΎΠ² Ρ Π₯Π‘Π ΠΌΠΎΠΆΠ΅Ρ ΠΎΠ±ΡΡΡΠ½ΡΡΡΡΡ Π²ΠΎΠ·Π΄Π΅ΠΉΡΡΠ²ΠΈΠ΅ΠΌ ΠΌΠΎΡΠ΅Π²ΠΎΠΉ ΠΊΠΈΡΠ»ΠΎΡΡ (ΠΠ) ΠΈ ΡΠ΅ΡΠΌΠ΅Π½ΡΠ° ΠΊΡΠ°Π½ΡΠΈΠ½ΠΎΠΊΡΠΈΠ΄Π°Π·Ρ (ΠΠ‘Π) Π½Π° ΡΠ½Π΄ΠΎΡΠ΅Π»ΠΈΠΉ ΡΠΎΡΡΠ΄ΠΎΠ², ΡΡΠΎ Π²Π΅Π΄Π΅Ρ ΠΊ Π²ΡΡΠ²ΠΎΠ±ΠΎΠΆΠ΄Π΅Π½ΠΈΡ Π²ΠΎΡΠΏΠ°Π»ΠΈΡΠ΅Π»ΡΠ½ΡΡ
ΡΠΈΡΠΎΠΊΠΈΠ½ΠΎΠ² ΠΈ Π°ΠΊΡΠΈΠ²Π½ΡΡ
ΡΠΎΡΠΌ ΠΊΠΈΡΠ»ΠΎΡΠΎΠ΄Π°. ΠΠ°Π»ΠΈΡΠΈΠ΅ ΡΠ°ΠΊΠΎΠ³ΠΎ ΠΌΠ΅Ρ
Π°Π½ΠΈΠ·ΠΌΠ° ΠΎΠ±ΡΡΠ»ΠΎΠ²Π»ΠΈΠ²Π°Π΅Ρ ΠΈΠ½ΡΠ΅ΡΠ΅Ρ ΠΊ ΠΈΠ·ΡΡΠ΅Π½ΠΈΡ ΠΏΠΎΡΠ΅Π½ΡΠΈΠ°Π»ΡΠ½ΡΡ
ΠΏΡΠ΅ΠΈΠΌΡΡΠ΅ΡΡΠ² ΠΈΠ½Π³ΠΈΠ±ΠΈΡΠΎΠ²Π°Π½ΠΈΡ ΠΠ‘Π Ρ ΠΏΠ°ΡΠΈΠ΅Π½ΡΠΎΠ² Ρ Π‘Π. ΠΠ½Π³ΠΈΠ±ΠΈΡΠΎΡΡ ΠΠ‘Π, Π²Π΅ΡΠΎΡΡΠ½ΠΎ, ΠΌΠΎΠ³ΡΡ ΡΡΠ°ΡΡ Π½ΠΎΠ²ΡΠΌ ΡΡΠ΅Π΄ΡΡΠ²ΠΎΠΌ, ΠΏΠΎΠ·Π²ΠΎΠ»ΡΡΡΠΈΠΌ ΡΠ»ΡΡΡΠΈΡΡ ΠΏΡΠΎΠ³Π½ΠΎΠ· Ρ ΡΡΠΈΡ
Π±ΠΎΠ»ΡΠ½ΡΡ
Π‘Π΅ΡΠ΄Π΅ΡΠ½ΠΎ-ΡΠΎΡΡΠ΄ΠΈΡΡΠ°Ρ Π±Π΅Π·ΠΎΠΏΠ°ΡΠ½ΠΎΡΡΡ ΠΈΠ½Π³ΠΈΠ±ΠΈΡΠΎΡΠΎΠ² ΠΊΡΠ°Π½ΡΠΈΠ½ΠΎΠΊΡΠΈΠ΄Π°Π·Ρ: ΠΎΠΏΡΠΈΠΌΠΈΡΡΠΈΡΠ½Π°Ρ ΠΈ Π½Π΅ΠΎΠΊΠΎΠ½ΡΠ΅Π½Π½Π°Ρ ΠΈΡΡΠΎΡΠΈΡ
Gout is associated with a high risk of cardiovascular diseases and associated mortality. Possible causes of the disease include persistent uncontrolled hyperuricemia, a chronic microcrystalline inflammation that develops in the vascular wall and even in atherosclerotic plaques. These processes, which contribute to oxidative stress and the formation of peroxidation products, may be a target for xanthine oxidase inhibitors β allopurinol and febuxostat. Their rational use, aimed at complete dissolution of urate crystal deposits in gout patients, results in improvement of endothelial function, lowering of blood pressure, and possibly reduction of all-cause and cardiovascular mortality. The effects on cardiovascular risk and safety of these drugs are believed to be comparable, greatly expanding the options for gout therapy.ΠΠΎΠ΄Π°Π³ΡΠ° Π°ΡΡΠΎΡΠΈΠΈΡΡΠ΅ΡΡΡ Ρ Π²ΡΡΠΎΠΊΠΈΠΌ ΡΠΈΡΠΊΠΎΠΌ ΡΠ°Π·Π²ΠΈΡΠΈΡ ΡΠ΅ΡΠ΄Π΅ΡΠ½ΠΎ-ΡΠΎΡΡΠ΄ΠΈΡΡΡΡ
Π·Π°Π±ΠΎΠ»Π΅Π²Π°Π½ΠΈΠΉ ΠΈ ΡΠ²ΡΠ·Π°Π½Π½ΠΎΠΉ Ρ Π½ΠΈΠΌΠΈ ΡΠΌΠ΅ΡΡΠ½ΠΎΡΡΠΈ. Π‘ΡΠ΅Π΄ΠΈ Π²ΠΎΠ·ΠΌΠΎΠΆΠ½ΡΡ
ΠΏΡΠΈΡΠΈΠ½ Π·Π°Π±ΠΎΠ»Π΅Π²Π°Π½ΠΈΡ β ΡΡΠΎΠΉΠΊΠ°Ρ Π½Π΅ΠΊΠΎΠ½ΡΡΠΎΠ»ΠΈΡΡΠ΅ΠΌΠ°Ρ Π³ΠΈΠΏΠ΅ΡΡΡΠΈΠΊΠ΅ΠΌΠΈΡ, Ρ
ΡΠΎΠ½ΠΈΡΠ΅ΡΠΊΠΎΠ΅ ΠΌΠΈΠΊΡΠΎΠΊΡΠΈΡΡΠ°Π»Π»ΠΈΡΠ΅ΡΠΊΠΎΠ΅ Π²ΠΎΡΠΏΠ°Π»Π΅Π½ΠΈΠ΅, ΡΠ°Π·Π²ΠΈΠ²Π°ΡΡΠ΅Π΅ΡΡ Π² ΡΠΎΠΌ ΡΠΈΡΠ»Π΅ Π² ΡΠΎΡΡΠ΄ΠΈΡΡΠΎΠΉ ΡΡΠ΅Π½ΠΊΠ΅ ΠΈ Π΄Π°ΠΆΠ΅ Π² Π°ΡΠ΅ΡΠΎΡΠΊΠ»Π΅ΡΠΎΡΠΈΡΠ΅ΡΠΊΠΈΡ
Π±Π»ΡΡΠΊΠ°Ρ
. ΠΠ°Π½Π½ΡΠ΅ ΠΏΡΠΎΡΠ΅ΡΡΡ, ΡΠΏΠΎΡΠΎΠ±ΡΡΠ²ΡΡΡΠΈΠ΅ Π²ΠΎΠ·Π½ΠΈΠΊΠ½ΠΎΠ²Π΅Π½ΠΈΡ ΠΎΠΊΠΈΡΠ»ΠΈΡΠ΅Π»ΡΠ½ΠΎΠ³ΠΎ ΡΡΡΠ΅ΡΡΠ° ΠΈ ΠΎΠ±ΡΠ°Π·ΠΎΠ²Π°Π½ΠΈΡ ΠΏΡΠΎΠ΄ΡΠΊΡΠΎΠ² ΠΏΠ΅ΡΠ΅ΠΊΠΈΡΠ½ΠΎΠ³ΠΎ ΠΎΠΊΠΈΡΠ»Π΅Π½ΠΈΡ, ΠΌΠΎΠ³ΡΡ Π±ΡΡΡ ΠΌΠΈΡΠ΅Π½ΡΡ Π΄Π»Ρ ΠΈΠ½Π³ΠΈΠ±ΠΈΡΠΎΡΠΎΠ² ΠΊΡΠ°Π½ΡΠΈΠ½ΠΎΠΊΡΠΈΠ΄Π°Π·Ρ β Π°Π»Π»ΠΎΠΏΡΡΠΈΠ½ΠΎΠ»Π° ΠΈ ΡΠ΅Π±ΡΠΊΡΠΎΡΡΠ°ΡΠ°. Π Π΅Π·ΡΠ»ΡΡΠ°ΡΠΎΠΌ ΠΈΡ
ΡΠ°ΡΠΈΠΎΠ½Π°Π»ΡΠ½ΠΎΠ³ΠΎ ΠΏΡΠΈΠΌΠ΅Π½Π΅Π½ΠΈΡ, Π½Π°ΠΏΡΠ°Π²Π»Π΅Π½Π½ΠΎΠ³ΠΎ Π½Π° ΠΏΠΎΠ»Π½ΠΎΠ΅ ΡΠ°ΡΡΠ²ΠΎΡΠ΅Π½ΠΈΠ΅ ΠΎΡΠ»ΠΎΠΆΠ΅Π½ΠΈΠΉ ΠΊΡΠΈΡΡΠ°Π»Π»ΠΎΠ² ΡΡΠ°ΡΠΎΠ² Ρ ΠΏΠ°ΡΠΈΠ΅Π½ΡΠΎΠ² Ρ ΠΏΠΎΠ΄Π°Π³ΡΠΎΠΉ, ΡΠ²Π»ΡΡΡΡΡ ΡΠ»ΡΡΡΠ΅Π½ΠΈΠ΅ ΡΡΠ½ΠΊΡΠΈΠΈ ΡΠ½Π΄ΠΎΡΠ΅Π»ΠΈΡ, ΡΠΌΠ΅Π½ΡΡΠ΅Π½ΠΈΠ΅ Π°ΡΡΠ΅ΡΠΈΠ°Π»ΡΠ½ΠΎΠ³ΠΎ Π΄Π°Π²Π»Π΅Π½ΠΈΡ ΠΈ, Π²ΠΎΠ·ΠΌΠΎΠΆΠ½ΠΎ, ΡΠ½ΠΈΠΆΠ΅Π½ΠΈΠ΅ ΠΎΠ±ΡΠ΅ΠΉ ΠΈ ΡΠ΅ΡΠ΄Π΅ΡΠ½ΠΎ-ΡΠΎΡΡΠ΄ΠΈΡΡΠΎΠΉ ΡΠΌΠ΅ΡΡΠ½ΠΎΡΡΠΈ. Π‘ΡΠΈΡΠ°Π΅ΡΡΡ, ΡΡΠΎ ΡΡΡΠ΅ΠΊΡΠΈΠ²Π½ΠΎΡΡΡ Π²ΠΎΠ·Π΄Π΅ΠΉΡΡΠ²ΠΈΡ Π½Π° ΡΠ΅ΡΠ΄Π΅ΡΠ½ΠΎ-ΡΠΎΡΡΠ΄ΠΈΡΡΡΠΉ ΡΠΈΡΠΊ ΠΈ Π±Π΅Π·ΠΎΠΏΠ°ΡΠ½ΠΎΡΡΡ ΡΠΊΠ°Π·Π°Π½Π½ΡΡ
ΠΏΡΠ΅ΠΏΠ°ΡΠ°ΡΠΎΠ² ΡΠΎΠΏΠΎΡΡΠ°Π²ΠΈΠΌΡ, ΡΡΠΎ ΡΡΡΠ΅ΡΡΠ²Π΅Π½Π½ΠΎ ΡΠ°ΡΡΠΈΡΡΠ΅Ρ Π²ΠΎΠ·ΠΌΠΎΠΆΠ½ΠΎΡΡΠΈ ΡΠ΅ΡΠ°ΠΏΠΈΠΈ ΠΏΠΎΠ΄Π°Π³ΡΡ
Π£ΡΠ°ΡΡΠ½ΠΈΠΆΠ°ΡΡΠ°Ρ ΡΠ΅ΡΠ°ΠΏΠΈΡ ΠΈ ΡΠΈΡΠΊ ΡΠ°Π·Π²ΠΈΡΠΈΡ ΡΠ°Ρ Π°ΡΠ½ΠΎΠ³ΠΎ Π΄ΠΈΠ°Π±Π΅ΡΠ° 2-Π³ΠΎ ΡΠΈΠΏΠ° Ρ ΠΏΠ°ΡΠΈΠ΅Π½ΡΠΎΠ² Ρ ΠΏΠΎΠ΄Π°Π³ΡΠΎΠΉ (ΡΠ΅Π·ΡΠ»ΡΡΠ°ΡΡ ΠΏΠ΅ΡΡΠΏΠ΅ΠΊΡΠΈΠ²Π½ΠΎΠ³ΠΎ ΠΈΡΡΠ»Π΅Π΄ΠΎΠ²Π°Π½ΠΈΡ)
Β Β Objective:Β to analyze the association between medications intake and the development of type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) in patients with gout.Β Β Material and methods.Β The study included 444 patients with gout without T2DM. The median follow-up time was 5.9 [2.9; 8.7] years. The primary end point was the diagnosis of T2DM. At baseline, therapy was initiated or adjusted according to current guidelines. Medication use was recorded: allopurinol, febuxostat, diuretics, glucocorticoids (GC), canakinumab, for which the odds ratio (OR) of developing T2DM was calculated.Β Β Results and discussion.Β T2DM occurred in 108 (24.3 %) patients enrolled in the study. 405 patients completed the study. 311 (76.7 %) patients were taking urate-lowering drugs: 263 (90.7 %) allopurinol, 48 (9.3 %) febuxostat. The mean dose of allopurinol was 153.4 Β± 28.4 mg/day, and that of febuxostat was 91.6 Β± 12.1 mg/day. During treatment with febuxostat, the probability of developing T2DM was lower: OR 0.433 (95 % confidence interval, CI 0.188β0.996; p = 0.044). When diuretics were used OR was 2.212 (95 % CI 1.303β3.753; p = 0.003), GC β 1.566 (95 % CI 1.003β2.445; p = 0.048).Β Β Conclusion.Β Febuxostat use is associated with a lower likelihood of developing T2DM.Β Β Π¦Π΅Π»Ρ ΠΈΡΡΠ»Π΅Π΄ΠΎΠ²Π°Π½ΠΈΡ β ΠΏΡΠΎΠ°Π½Π°Π»ΠΈΠ·ΠΈΡΠΎΠ²Π°ΡΡ ΡΠ²ΡΠ·Ρ ΠΏΡΠΈΠ΅ΠΌΠ° Π»Π΅ΠΊΠ°ΡΡΡΠ²Π΅Π½Π½ΡΡ
ΠΏΡΠ΅ΠΏΠ°ΡΠ°ΡΠΎΠ² ΠΈ ΡΠ°Π·Π²ΠΈΡΠΈΡ ΡΠ°Ρ
Π°ΡΠ½ΠΎΠ³ΠΎ Π΄ΠΈΠ°Π±Π΅ΡΠ° 2-Π³ΠΎ ΡΠΈΠΏΠ° (Π‘Π2) Ρ ΠΏΠ°ΡΠΈΠ΅Π½ΡΠΎΠ² Ρ ΠΏΠΎΠ΄Π°Π³ΡΠΎΠΉ.Β Β ΠΠ°ΡΠ΅ΡΠΈΠ°Π» ΠΈ ΠΌΠ΅ΡΠΎΠ΄Ρ. Π ΠΈΡΡΠ»Π΅Π΄ΠΎΠ²Π°Π½ΠΈΠ΅ Π²ΠΊΠ»ΡΡΠ΅Π½ΠΎ 444 ΠΏΠ°ΡΠΈΠ΅Π½ΡΠ° Ρ ΠΏΠΎΠ΄Π°Π³ΡΠΎΠΉ Π±Π΅Π· Π‘Π2. ΠΠ΅Π΄ΠΈΠ°Π½Π° Π΄Π»ΠΈΡΠ΅Π»ΡΠ½ΠΎΡΡΠΈ Π½Π°Π±Π»ΡΠ΄Π΅Π½ΠΈΡ β 5,9 [2,9; 8,7] Π³ΠΎΠ΄Π°. ΠΠ΅ΡΠ²ΠΈΡΠ½Π°Ρ ΠΊΠΎΠ½Π΅ΡΠ½Π°Ρ ΡΠΎΡΠΊΠ° β Π΄ΠΈΠ°Π³Π½ΠΎΠ· Π‘Π2. ΠΠΎ Π²ΡΠ΅ΠΌΡ ΡΡΠ°ΡΡΠΎΠ²ΠΎΠ³ΠΎ Π²ΠΈΠ·ΠΈΡΠ° ΠΏΠ°ΡΠΈΠ΅Π½ΡΠ°ΠΌ Π½Π°Π·Π½Π°ΡΠ°Π»ΠΈ ΠΈΠ»ΠΈ ΠΊΠΎΡΡΠ΅ΠΊΡΠΈΡΠΎΠ²Π°Π»ΠΈ ΡΠ΅ΡΠ°ΠΏΠΈΡ Π² ΡΠΎΠΎΡΠ²Π΅ΡΡΡΠ²ΠΈΠΈ Ρ Π΄Π΅ΠΉΡΡΠ²ΡΡΡΠΈΠΌΠΈ ΡΠ΅ΠΊΠΎΠΌΠ΅Π½Π΄Π°ΡΠΈΡΠΌΠΈ. Π€ΠΈΠΊΡΠΈΡΠΎΠ²Π°Π»ΡΡ ΠΏΡΠΈΠ΅ΠΌ ΠΏΡΠ΅ΠΏΠ°ΡΠ°ΡΠΎΠ²: Π°Π»Π»ΠΎΠΏΡΡΠΈΠ½ΠΎΠ»Π°, ΡΠ΅Π±ΡΠΊΡΠΎΡΡΠ°ΡΠ°, Π΄ΠΈΡΡΠ΅ΡΠΈΠΊΠΎΠ², Π³Π»ΡΠΊΠΎΠΊΠΎΡΡΠΈΠΊΠΎΠΈΠ΄ΠΎΠ² (ΠΠ), ΠΊΠ°Π½Π°ΠΊΠΈΠ½ΡΠΌΠ°Π±Π°, Π΄Π»Ρ ΠΊΠΎΡΠΎΡΡΡ
Π±ΡΠ»ΠΎ ΡΠ°ΡΡΡΠΈΡΠ°Π½ΠΎ ΠΎΡΠ½ΠΎΡΠ΅Π½ΠΈΠ΅ ΡΠ°Π½ΡΠΎΠ² (ΠΠ¨) ΡΠ°Π·Π²ΠΈΡΠΈΡ Π‘Π2.Β Β Π Π΅Π·ΡΠ»ΡΡΠ°ΡΡ ΠΈ ΠΎΠ±ΡΡΠΆΠ΄Π΅Π½ΠΈΠ΅. Π‘Π2 Π²ΠΎΠ·Π½ΠΈΠΊ Ρ 108 (24,3 %) ΠΈΠ· Π²ΠΊΠ»ΡΡΠ΅Π½Π½ΡΡ
Π² ΠΈΡΡΠ»Π΅Π΄ΠΎΠ²Π°Π½ΠΈΠ΅ ΠΏΠ°ΡΠΈΠ΅Π½ΡΠΎΠ². ΠΠ°Π²Π΅ΡΡΠΈΠ»ΠΈ ΠΈΡΡΠ»Π΅Π΄ΠΎΠ²Π°Π½ΠΈΠ΅ 405 ΠΏΠ°ΡΠΈΠ΅Π½ΡΠΎΠ². ΠΡΠΈΠ½ΠΈΠΌΠ°Π»ΠΈ ΡΡΠ°ΡΡΠ½ΠΈΠΆΠ°ΡΡΠΈΠ΅ ΠΏΡΠ΅ΠΏΠ°ΡΠ°ΡΡ 311 (76,7 %) Π±ΠΎΠ»ΡΠ½ΡΡ
: 263 (90,7 %) β Π°Π»Π»ΠΎΠΏΡΡΠΈΠ½ΠΎΠ», 48 (9,3 %) β ΡΠ΅Π±ΡΠΊΡΠΎΡΡΠ°Ρ. Π‘ΡΠ΅Π΄Π½ΡΡ Π΄ΠΎΠ·Π° Π°Π»Π»ΠΎΠΏΡΡΠΈΠ½ΠΎΠ»Π° β 153,4 Β± 28,4 ΠΌΠ³/ΡΡΡ, ΡΠ΅Π±ΡΠΊΡΠΎΡΡΠ°ΡΠ° β 91,6 Β± 12,1 ΠΌΠ³/ΡΡΡ. ΠΠ° ΡΠΎΠ½Π΅ ΡΠ΅ΡΠ°ΠΏΠΈΠΈ ΡΠ΅Π±ΡΠΊΡΠΎΡΡΠ°ΡΠΎΠΌ Π²Π΅ΡΠΎΡΡΠ½ΠΎΡΡΡ ΡΠ°Π·Π²ΠΈΡΠΈΡ Π‘Π2 Π±ΡΠ»Π° Π½ΠΈΠΆΠ΅: ΠΠ¨ β 0,433 (95 % Π΄ΠΎΠ²Π΅ΡΠΈΡΠ΅Π»ΡΠ½ΡΠΉ ΠΈΠ½ΡΠ΅ΡΠ²Π°Π», ΠΠ 0,188β0,996; Ρ = 0,044). ΠΡΠΈ ΠΈΡΠΏΠΎΠ»ΡΠ·ΠΎΠ²Π°Π½ΠΈΠΈ Π΄ΠΈΡΡΠ΅ΡΠΈΠΊΠΎΠ² ΠΠ¨ ΡΠΎΡΡΠ°Π²ΠΈΠ»ΠΎ 2,212 (95 % ΠΠ 1,303β3,753; Ρ = 0,003), ΠΠ β 1,566 (95 % ΠΠ 1,003β2,445; Ρ = 0,048).Β Β ΠΠ°ΠΊΠ»ΡΡΠ΅Π½ΠΈΠ΅. ΠΡΠΈΠΌΠ΅Π½Π΅Π½ΠΈΠ΅ ΡΠ΅Π±ΡΠΊΡΠΎΡΡΠ°ΡΠ° Π°ΡΡΠΎΡΠΈΠΈΡΡΠ΅ΡΡΡ ΡΠΎ ΡΠ½ΠΈΠΆΠ΅Π½ΠΈΠ΅ΠΌ Π²Π΅ΡΠΎΡΡΠ½ΠΎΡΡΠΈ ΡΠ°Π·Π²ΠΈΡΠΈΡ Π‘Π2
Π Π°ΡΠΈΠΎΠ½Π°Π»ΡΠ½ΠΎΠ΅ ΠΈΡΠΏΠΎΠ»ΡΠ·ΠΎΠ²Π°Π½ΠΈΠ΅ ΡΠ΅ΠΊΠΎΠΌΠ΅Π½Π΄Π°ΡΠΈΠΉ ΠΏΠΎ ΠΏΡΠΈΠΌΠ΅Π½Π΅Π½ΠΈΡ ΡΡΠ°ΡΡΠ½ΠΈΠΆΠ°ΡΡΠ΅ΠΉ ΡΠ΅ΡΠ°ΠΏΠΈΠΈ: ΠΊΠ»ΠΈΠ½ΠΈΡΠ΅ΡΠΊΠΈΠ΅ ΠΏΡΠΈΠΌΠ΅ΡΡ
The results of gout therapy in many patients remain unsatisfactory, despite the availability of drugs and recommendations for its treatment. In addition to poor adherence to treatment by patients, medical errors and other reasons influence this situation. The article considers several clinical cases demonstrating the possibilities of a rational choice of urate-lowering therapy.Π Π΅Π·ΡΠ»ΡΡΠ°ΡΡ ΡΠ΅ΡΠ°ΠΏΠΈΠΈ ΠΏΠΎΠ΄Π°Π³ΡΡ Ρ ΠΌΠ½ΠΎΠ³ΠΈΡ
ΠΏΠ°ΡΠΈΠ΅Π½ΡΠΎΠ² ΠΎΡΡΠ°ΡΡΡΡ Π½Π΅ΡΠ΄ΠΎΠ²Π»Π΅ΡΠ²ΠΎΡΠΈΡΠ΅Π»ΡΠ½ΡΠΌΠΈ, Π½Π΅ΡΠΌΠΎΡΡΡ Π½Π° Π΄ΠΎΡΡΡΠΏΠ½ΠΎΡΡΡ Π»Π΅ΠΊΠ°ΡΡΡΠ²Π΅Π½Π½ΡΡ
ΡΡΠ΅Π΄ΡΡΠ² ΠΈ Π½Π°Π»ΠΈΡΠΈΠ΅ ΡΠ΅ΠΊΠΎΠΌΠ΅Π½Π΄Π°ΡΠΈΠΉ ΠΏΠΎ Π΅Π΅ Π»Π΅ΡΠ΅Π½ΠΈΡ. ΠΠΎΠΌΠΈΠΌΠΎ Π½Π΅Π΄ΠΎΡΡΠ°ΡΠΎΡΠ½ΠΎΠΉ ΠΏΡΠΈΠ²Π΅ΡΠΆΠ΅Π½Π½ΠΎΡΡΠΈ ΠΏΠ°ΡΠΈΠ΅Π½ΡΠΎΠ² Π»Π΅ΡΠ΅Π½ΠΈΡ, Π½Π° ΡΡΡ ΡΠΈΡΡΠ°ΡΠΈΡ ΡΡΠ΅Π΄ΠΈ Π΄ΡΡΠ³ΠΈΡ
ΠΏΡΠΈΡΠΈΠ½ Π²Π»ΠΈΡΡΡ Π²ΡΠ°ΡΠ΅Π±Π½ΡΠ΅ ΠΎΡΠΈΠ±ΠΊΠΈ. Π ΡΡΠ°ΡΡΠ΅ ΡΠ°ΡΡΠΌΠΎΡΡΠ΅Π½ΠΎ Π½Π΅ΡΠΊΠΎΠ»ΡΠΊΠΎ ΠΊΠ»ΠΈΠ½ΠΈΡΠ΅ΡΠΊΠΈΡ
ΡΠ»ΡΡΠ°Π΅Π², Π΄Π΅ΠΌΠΎΠ½ΡΡΡΠΈΡΡΡΡΠΈΡ
Π²ΠΎΠ·ΠΌΠΎΠΆΠ½ΠΎΡΡΠΈ ΡΠ°ΡΠΈΠΎΠ½Π°Π»ΡΠ½ΠΎΠ³ΠΎ ΠΈ Π°ΡΠ³ΡΠΌΠ΅Π½ΡΠΈΡΠΎΠ²Π°Π½Π½ΠΎΠ³ΠΎ Π²ΡΠ±ΠΎΡΠ° ΡΡΠ°ΡΡΠ½ΠΈΠΆΠ°ΡΡΠ΅ΠΉ ΡΠ΅ΡΠ°ΠΏΠΈΠΈ
Assessment of the risk of developing type 2 diabetes mellitus in patients with gout based on the FINDRISΠ‘ scale
BACKGROUND: Gout is associated with a high incidence of type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM).AIM: To calculate the risk of T2DM on the FINDRISΠ‘ scale, to assess the sensitivity and specificity of the scale in patients with gout based on the results of prospective follow-up.MATERIALS AND METHODS: A prospective single-center study included 444 patients with gout over 18 years of age (49 women, 395 men) without diabetes. The duration of follow-up ranged from 2 to 8 years. Initially, the risk of developing diabetes mellitus 2 was calculated according to the Russian version of the FINDRISΠ‘ scale. The risk of developing T2DM was assessed as Β«lowΒ» with a total score (CC) <7 points, slightly increased β from 7 to 11 points, moderate β from 12 to 14 points, high β from 15 to 20 points, and very high β β₯20 points. To assess the validity of using the FINDRISΠ‘ scale, an analysis of sensitivity, specificity, construction of the ROC curve with the determination of the area under the curve was carried out. The presence and number of subcutaneous tophi, the number of arthritis attacks over the last year, the number of affected joints during the illness, serum levels of creatinine, uric acid, hs-CRP, glycated hemoglobin were determined.RESULTS: Over 5.66 [2.69; 7.64] years of follow-up, T2DM developed in 108 patients (24.3%). On the FINDRISΠ‘ scale, low risk was found in 16 (4%), slightly increased in 187 (42%), moderate in 98 (22%), high in 80 (18%), very high in 63 (14%). The most common risk factors (RF) for T2DM included in FINDRISΠ‘ were BMI> 25 kg / m2 Β β 85.6% of patients, taking antihypertensive drugs β 81.3% of patients, age over 45 years in 70.5% of patients. The sensitivity and specificity of the FINDRISΠ‘ scale were 52.8% and 66.3%, respectively. According to these data, the quality of the model was assessed as moderate. 9% vs 31.1% (p = 0.014)), serum MK level β€300 ΞΌmol / L. Developed type 2 diabetes 33.3% of patients with moderate / high / very high risk 18.1% of patients with low or slightly increased risk (p = 0.0002).CONCLUSION: The FINDRISΠ‘ scale can have sufficient sensitivity (52.8%) and specificity (66.3%) and can be used to calculate the risk of T2DM in patients with gout
ΠΠΎΡΠ°ΠΆΠ΅Π½ΠΈΠ΅ ΡΠ΅ΠΉΠ½ΠΎΠ³ΠΎ ΠΎΡΠ΄Π΅Π»Π° ΠΏΠΎΠ·Π²ΠΎΠ½ΠΎΡΠ½ΠΈΠΊΠ° ΠΏΡΠΈ Π±ΠΎΠ»Π΅Π·Π½ΠΈ Π΄Π΅ΠΏΠΎΠ½ΠΈΡΠΎΠ²Π°Π½ΠΈΡ ΠΊΡΠΈΡΡΠ°Π»Π»ΠΎΠ² ΠΏΠΈΡΠΎΡΠΎΡΡΠ°ΡΠ° ΠΊΠ°Π»ΡΡΠΈΡ (ΠΎΠΏΠΈΡΠ°Π½ΠΈΠ΅ ΠΊΠ»ΠΈΠ½ΠΈΡΠ΅ΡΠΊΠΎΠ³ΠΎ ΡΠ»ΡΡΠ°Ρ)
Calcium pyrophosphate deposition disease (CPPD) is characterized by polymorphism of clinical manifestations: from asymptomatic course to severe chronic arthropathy with destruction of bone structures. It is believed that calcium pyrophosphate crystals are more often found in the knee and so-called root joints (hip and shoulder), as well as in the triangular fibro-cartilaginous complex. However, CPPD can also affect the axial skeleton. A pathological process localized in the spine is more common in older people and is rare at a young age. The article presents a case of chondrocalcinosis of the cervical spine in a 62-year-old female patient who did not have risk factors.ΠΠΎΠ»Π΅Π·Π½Ρ Π΄Π΅ΠΏΠΎΠ½ΠΈΡΠΎΠ²Π°Π½ΠΈΡ ΠΏΠΈΡΠΎΡΠΎΡΡΠ°ΡΠ° ΠΊΠ°Π»ΡΡΠΈΡ (ΠΠΠΠ) Ρ
Π°ΡΠ°ΠΊΡΠ΅ΡΠΈΠ·ΡΠ΅ΡΡΡ ΠΏΠΎΠ»ΠΈΠΌΠΎΡΡΠΈΠ·ΠΌΠΎΠΌ ΠΊΠ»ΠΈΠ½ΠΈΡΠ΅ΡΠΊΠΈΡ
ΠΏΡΠΎΡΠ²Π»Π΅Π½ΠΈΠΉ β ΠΎΡ Π±Π΅ΡΡΠΈΠΌΠΏΡΠΎΠΌΠ½ΠΎΠ³ΠΎ ΡΠ΅ΡΠ΅Π½ΠΈΡ Π΄ΠΎ ΡΡΠΆΠ΅Π»ΠΎΠΉ Ρ
ΡΠΎΠ½ΠΈΡΠ΅ΡΠΊΠΎΠΉ Π°ΡΡΡΠΎΠΏΠ°ΡΠΈΠΈ Ρ ΡΠ°Π·ΡΡΡΠ΅Π½ΠΈΠ΅ΠΌ ΠΊΠΎΡΡΠ½ΡΡ
ΡΡΡΡΠΊΡΡΡ. Π‘ΡΠΈΡΠ°Π΅ΡΡΡ, ΡΡΠΎ ΠΊΡΠΈΡΡΠ°Π»Π»Ρ ΠΏΠΈΡΠΎΡΠΎΡΡΠ°ΡΠ° ΠΊΠ°Π»ΡΡΠΈΡ ΡΠ°ΡΠ΅ ΠΎΠ±Π½Π°ΡΡΠΆΠΈΠ²Π°ΡΡΡΡ Π² ΠΊΠΎΠ»Π΅Π½Π½ΡΡ
ΠΈ ΡΠ°ΠΊ Π½Π°Π·ΡΠ²Π°Π΅ΠΌΡΡ
ΠΊΠΎΡΠ½Π΅Π²ΡΡ
ΡΡΡΡΠ°Π²Π°Ρ
(ΡΠ°Π·ΠΎΠ±Π΅Π΄ΡΠ΅Π½Π½ΡΡ
ΠΈ ΠΏΠ»Π΅ΡΠ΅Π²ΡΡ
), Π° ΡΠ°ΠΊΠΆΠ΅ Π² ΡΡΠΈΠ°Π½Π³ΡΠ»ΡΡΠ½ΠΎΠΌ ΡΠΈΠ±ΡΠΎΠ·Π½ΠΎ-Ρ
ΡΡΡΠ΅Π²ΠΎΠΌ ΠΊΠΎΠΌΠΏΠ»Π΅ΠΊΡΠ΅. ΠΠ΄Π½Π°ΠΊΠΎ ΠΠΠΠ ΠΌΠΎΠΆΠ΅Ρ Π·Π°ΡΡΠ°Π³ΠΈΠ²Π°ΡΡ ΠΈ Π°ΠΊΡΠΈΠ°Π»ΡΠ½ΡΠΉ ΡΠΊΠ΅Π»Π΅Ρ. ΠΠ°ΡΠΎΠ»ΠΎΠ³ΠΈΡΠ΅ΡΠΊΠΈΠΉ ΠΏΡΠΎΡΠ΅ΡΡ, Π»ΠΎΠΊΠ°Π»ΠΈΠ·ΠΎΠ²Π°Π½Π½ΡΠΉ Π² ΠΏΠΎΠ·Π²ΠΎΠ½ΠΎΡΠ½ΠΈΠΊΠ΅, ΡΠ°ΡΠ΅ Π²ΡΡΡΠ΅ΡΠ°Π΅ΡΡΡ Ρ ΠΏΠΎΠΆΠΈΠ»ΡΡ
Π»ΡΠ΄Π΅ΠΉ ΠΈ ΡΠ²Π»ΡΠ΅ΡΡΡ ΡΠ΅Π΄ΠΊΠΎΡΡΡΡ Π² ΠΌΠΎΠ»ΠΎΠ΄ΠΎΠΌ Π²ΠΎΠ·ΡΠ°ΡΡΠ΅. Π ΡΡΠ°ΡΡΠ΅ ΠΏΡΠΈΠ²Π΅Π΄Π΅Π½ ΡΠ»ΡΡΠ°ΠΉ Π²ΠΎΠ·Π½ΠΈΠΊΠ½ΠΎΠ²Π΅Π½ΠΈΡ Ρ
ΠΎΠ½Π΄ΡΠΎΠΊΠ°Π»ΡΡΠΈΠ½ΠΎΠ·Π° ΡΠ΅ΠΉΠ½ΠΎΠ³ΠΎ ΠΎΡΠ΄Π΅Π»Π° ΠΏΠΎΠ·Π²ΠΎΠ½ΠΎΡΠ½ΠΈΠΊΠ° Ρ ΠΏΠ°ΡΠΈΠ΅Π½ΡΠΊΠΈ 62 Π»Π΅Ρ, Π½Π΅ ΠΈΠΌΠ΅Π²ΡΠ΅ΠΉ ΡΠ°ΠΊΡΠΎΡΠΎΠ² ΡΠΈΡΠΊΠ° ΡΡΠΎΠΉ ΠΏΠ°ΡΠΎΠ»ΠΎΠ³ΠΈΠΈ
ΠΡΠΈΠ½ΡΠΈΠΏΡ ΡΡΠ°ΡΡΠ½ΠΈΠΆΠ°ΡΡΠ΅ΠΉ ΡΠ΅ΡΠ°ΠΏΠΈΠΈ: Π²ΠΎΡΠ΅ΠΌΡ ΡΠ°Π³ΠΎΠ² ΠΊ ΡΡΠΏΠ΅Ρ Ρ
Treatment of such a serious systemic disease as gout is often carried out incorrectly, despite the presence of a large number of recommendations and drugs. The reluctance of some doctors to follow current recommendations for the management of patients with gout is one of the factors for poor adherence of patients to therapy. The review considers modern approaches to the treatment of gout, which provide for long-term strategies for lowering of serum uric acid level.ΠΠ΅ΡΠ΅Π½ΠΈΠ΅ ΡΠ°ΠΊΠΎΠ³ΠΎ ΡΠ΅ΡΡΠ΅Π·Π½ΠΎΠ³ΠΎ ΡΠΈΡΡΠ΅ΠΌΠ½ΠΎΠ³ΠΎ Π·Π°Π±ΠΎΠ»Π΅Π²Π°Π½ΠΈΡ, ΠΊΠ°ΠΊ ΠΏΠΎΠ΄Π°Π³ΡΠ°, Π·Π°ΡΠ°ΡΡΡΡ ΠΏΡΠΎΠ²ΠΎΠ΄ΠΈΡΡΡ Π½Π΅ΠΊΠΎΡΡΠ΅ΠΊΡΠ½ΠΎ, Π½Π΅ΡΠΌΠΎΡΡΡ Π½Π° Π½Π°Π»ΠΈΡΠΈΠ΅ Π±ΠΎΠ»ΡΡΠΎΠ³ΠΎ ΡΠΈΡΠ»Π° ΡΠ΅ΠΊΠΎΠΌΠ΅Π½Π΄Π°ΡΠΈΠΉ ΠΈ Π»Π΅ΠΊΠ°ΡΡΡΠ²Π΅Π½Π½ΡΡ
ΠΏΡΠ΅ΠΏΠ°ΡΠ°ΡΠΎΠ². ΠΠ΅ΠΆΠ΅Π»Π°Π½ΠΈΠ΅ Π½Π΅ΠΊΠΎΡΠΎΡΡΡ
Π²ΡΠ°ΡΠ΅ΠΉ ΡΠ»Π΅Π΄ΠΎΠ²Π°ΡΡ ΡΠΎΠ²ΡΠ΅ΠΌΠ΅Π½Π½ΡΠΌ ΡΡΠΊΠΎΠ²ΠΎΠ΄ΡΡΠ²Π°ΠΌ ΠΏΠΎ Π²Π΅Π΄Π΅Π½ΠΈΡ Π±ΠΎΠ»ΡΠ½ΡΡ
ΠΏΠΎΠ΄Π°Π³ΡΠΎΠΉ ΡΠ²Π»ΡΠ΅ΡΡΡ ΠΎΠ΄Π½ΠΈΠΌ ΠΈΠ· ΡΠ°ΠΊΡΠΎΡΠΎΠ² ΠΏΠ»ΠΎΡ
ΠΎΠΉ ΠΏΡΠΈΠ²Π΅ΡΠΆΠ΅Π½Π½ΠΎΡΡΠΈ ΠΏΠ°ΡΠΈΠ΅Π½ΡΠΎΠ² ΡΠ΅ΡΠ°ΠΏΠΈΠΈ. Π ΠΎΠ±Π·ΠΎΡΠ΅ ΡΠ°ΡΡΠΌΠΎΡΡΠ΅Π½Ρ ΡΠΎΠ²ΡΠ΅ΠΌΠ΅Π½Π½ΡΠ΅ ΠΏΠΎΠ΄Ρ
ΠΎΠ΄Ρ ΠΊ Π»Π΅ΡΠ΅Π½ΠΈΡ ΠΏΠΎΠ΄Π°Π³ΡΡ, ΠΏΡΠ΅Π΄ΡΡΠΌΠ°ΡΡΠΈΠ²Π°ΡΡΠΈΠ΅ Π΄ΠΎΠ»Π³ΠΎΡΡΠΎΡΠ½ΠΎΠ΅ ΡΠ΅Π³ΡΠ»ΠΈΡΠΎΠ²Π°Π½ΠΈΠ΅ ΡΡΠΎΠ²Π½Ρ ΠΠ Π² ΡΡΠ²ΠΎΡΠΎΡΠΊΠ΅