PRODUCTION, PROPERTIES AND APPLICATION OF SACCHAROMYCES CEREVISIAE VGSH-2 INULINASE

Summary. Experimental data on an acid and thermal inactivation of a high refined inulinase (2,1-β-D- fructanfructanohydrolase, KF 3.2.17), produced by the race of Saccharomyces cerevisiae VGSh-2 yeast are presented. The strain of S. cerevisiae VGSh-2 was produced by the method of the induced mutagenesis and deposited to the collection of pure cultures of the chair of biochemistry and biotechnology of Voronezh state university of engineering technologies. The cells of source culture (S. cerevisiae XII) were affected step-by-step by the ultra-violet radiation (UFR) and UFR in a complex with a chemical mutagen (etilenimine). The culture was grown up by the method of liquid-phase deep cultivation on a constant nutrient medium. Refining conditions for inulinase are sorted out. Activity of enzyme dependence on physical and chemical factors (рН and temperature) is obtained and numerical values of the main kinetic constants – Km and Vmax are determined. The structure of enzyme molecule is studied by an infrared-spectroscopy method: the type and relative quantity of elements of secondary structure of protein are defined. Substrate binding groups of the active center of an inulinase are found. The comparative analysis of the ability to hydrolysis of inulin in several enzyme preparations from Jerusalem artichoke and to the subsequent their fermentation by the VGSh-2 and XI S. cerevisiae yeasts is carried out. Optimum conditions of enzyme hydrolysis of inulin are selected. Research of the fermentation process of starchcontaining raw materials by yeasts of VGSh-2 and XI races is done. It is established that the using of VGSh-2 S. cerevisiae yeast for a grain wort and the Jerusalem artichoke fermentation, allows to increase an extraction of ethyl alcohol comparing to control race, to improve its quality characteristics, and also allows to predict the using of new race in the food industry for production ethanol from grain raw materials and a fermentation of inulin containing raw materials

Capillary electrophoresis determination of inorganic anions with counter electroosmotic flow

Разработана методика определения хлорид-, бромид-, иодид-, сульфат-, нитрат-, нитрит-, фторид- и фосфат-ионов в водах с применением метода капиллярного электрофореза с косвенным фотометрическим детектированием (254 нм). В качестве разделительного электролита использовали смесь, содержащую хромат-ион, диэтаноламин и тетрабутиламмония гидроксид. Пределы обнаружения анионов составляют 0.05-0.2 мг/л, относительное стандартное отклонение 0.10-0.15. Для снижения пределов обнаружения в маломинерализованных пробах применяли прием стэкинга большого объема пробы.A capillary electrophoresis technique of Cl₋, Br₋, I₋, SO₄²⁻, NO₃₋, NO₂₋, F₋, HPO₄²⁻ in waters with indirect photometric detection on254 nm was developed. Chromate solution with diethanolamine and tetrabutylammonium hydroxide was used as background electrolyte. Limits of detection for anions were 0.05-0.2 mg/l, relative standard deviation 10-15%. Large volume sample stackind was used to decrease limits of detection in waters with low mineralization

Mercury species in solid matter of dispersion of the Ursk tailing dispersion train (Ursk village, Kemerovo region, Russia)

Mercury species are highly toxic, and methylmercury is the most dangerous for environment and biota. The purpose of this study is to evaluate the distribution of mercury speciations (HgX2 (were X is O, SO24-, Cl and et al.), CH3Hg+, HgS) in diffuse halation high-sulfide waste of piles at the Ursk massive sulfide ore deposits which are being mined since the 1940s. To determine the mercury speciation, the method of thermal analysis with atomic absorption spectrometry as detector was applied

Mercury species in solid matter of dispersion of the Ursk tailing dispersion train (Ursk village, Kemerovo region, Russia)

Mercury species are highly toxic, and methylmercury is the most dangerous for environment and biota. The purpose of this study is to evaluate the distribution of mercury speciations (HgX2 (were X is O, SO24-, Cl and et al.), CH3Hg+, HgS) in diffuse halation high-sulfide waste of piles at the Ursk massive sulfide ore deposits which are being mined since the 1940s. To determine the mercury speciation, the method of thermal analysis with atomic absorption spectrometry as detector was applied

Comparative characteristics of qualitative indicators of amaranth and corn silage

Silage is the main juicy food and a source of vitamins for animals in the winter-stall period. In order to expand the range of forage crops for the production of high – protein silage in the work used non-traditional forage culture amaranth, which is the content of protein balanced by the number of essential amino acids (especially lysine, methionine and tryptophanus), oils, micro – and macro-elements, vitamins and biologically active substances far superior to traditional forage plants, including legumes. Amaranth belongs to the group of plants hard-ensilage because the level of sugar in its green mass does not exceed the minimum required for the silage process, but the use of starter cultures, contributing to the creation of optimal conditions for the normal flow of fermentation processes, can solve this problem. The comparative characteristic of qualitative indicators of a silo from amaranth paniculate and from maize as raw materials of the most widespread for preparation of green forages is carried out in work. It is established that in the phase of milk-wax ripeness of seeds amaranth has the best technological properties for silage harvesting, as the total loss of nutrients in the silage of amaranth in this phase is minimal. The content of "raw" protein, which is an important indicator in the conditions of protein deficiency in traditional fodder crops, in the amaranth silage of paniculata is almost 2 times higher than in the corn silage. Based on the evaluation of the quality of silage on dry matter content, organic acids, crude protein, degree of acidity and organoleptic indicators it can be concluded that the silage of amaranth is more balanced in terms of key indicators of quality compared to corn silage

Comparative characteristics of amaranth and corn silage qualitative indicators

The use of traditional corn silage in the diets of lactating cows during the winter-stall period leads not only to the animal productivity decrease, but also to the milk quality. An increase in these indicators can be achieved by improving the feed quality, in particular by using non-traditional crops for silage, amaranth being one of them. A comparative assessment of the effect of amaranth and corn silages on animal health, blood biochemical parameters, milk productivity and quality during the wintering period was carried out. Scientific and economic experience was conducted on the basis of peasant farm by I.I. Korovnikov, in Khokholsky district of the Voronezh region. Two variants of silage were put: from the green mass of amaranth to the phase of milk-wax ripeness of seeds and corn silo. Two groups of dairy cows of Holstein-Friesian breed with an average productivity of about 4200 kg of milk, selected by the principle of analogues, were used in the experiment. Body temperature, heart rate and number of respiratory movements per minute, scar reduction were within normal limits for cows of both groups. Moreover, a reliable difference in clinical and physiological parameters between the experimental and control groups was not found out both at the beginning and at the end of the experiment. The inclusion of high-protein amaranth silage in the diet of lactating cows leads to normalization of the liver and, as a result, normalization of all metabolic processes. Amaranth silage had a positive effect on the quality of milk. So the milk obtained from the cows of the experimental group had a significant advantage in comparison with the control one in terms of fat (by 0.46%) and protein (by 0.18%). Feeding amaranth silage to cows showed that it is well eaten by animals, and its use increases the productivity of cows by 11.9% compared with the contro group. The results obtained allow us to recommend amaranth silage as the main bulk feed in the winter-stall period when preparing balanced diets for lactating cows

Effect of high-protein fermentation amaranth feed on the functional and technological properties of milk as raw materials for cheese production

Improving the quality of raw milk for the production of cheese in the autumn-winter period is one of the important tasks of biotechnology. It can be solved by improving the quality of feed, as they directly affect the functional and technological properties of raw milk. Amaranth silo obtained from the green mass of amaranth by canning using the developed starter culture was used in the diet of lactating cows. Scientific and economic experience was carried out on the basis of peasant farms II Korovnikov, Khokholsky district of Voronezh region. Milk was obtained from two groups of dairy cows of the Holstein-Friesian breed with an average productivity of 4200 kg of milk, selected on the basis of analogues. The diets of the experimental and control groups in accordance with the accepted experimental scheme included canned food from the green mass of amaranth and corn. Cows were fed for 105 days and evaluated the functional and technological properties of raw milk. The results of the study of the functional and technological properties of raw milk obtained from cows, in the diet of which in the autumn-winter period included high-protein canned food from amaranth, are presented. It was found that the replacement of traditional corn silage with amaranth contributed to an increase in the most important components of raw milk for cheese production: mass fraction of protein – by 0.2% (including mass fraction of casein fraction by 0.13%) and mass fraction of fat – by 0.38%. Veterinary health indicators of raw milk have also improved. In the experimental group, there was a decrease in the number of mesophilic aerobic and facultative anaerobic microorganisms (KMAFAnM) in relation to the control by 5.6%, which correlated with a decrease in the acidity of milk