Complex resistance of spring and winter bread wheat lines to biotic and abiotic stresses

An original initial material of spring and winter bread wheat with group resistance to stem and leaf rust was developed using new donors of resistance to stem rust: winter soft wheat GT 96/90 (Bulgaria) and accession 119/4-06rw with genetic material of the species Triticum migushovae and (Aegilops speltoides and Secale cereale), respectively, a line of spring wheat 113/00i-4 obtained using the species Ae. triuncialis and T. kiharae, as well as spring accession 145/00i with genetic material of the species Ae. speltoides resistant to leaf rust. The transfer of effective Sr-genes to progeny was monitored using molecular markers. New lines underwent a field assessment of resistance to leaf and stem rust in the epiphytotic development of diseases in the Central Region of the Russian Federation, as well as in the North Caucasus and Western Siberia, and showed high resistance to these pathogens. Fourteen genotypes of spring wheat with group resistance to these diseases and parental forms that participated in the origin of the lines were evaluated for resistance to spot blotch (Cochliobolus sativus) and tan spot (Pyrenophora tritici-repentis) using isolates from Kazakhstan and Omsk in laboratory conditions. A highly resistant parental form of winter soft wheat from “Arsenal” collection 119/4-06rw (wheat-Ae. speltoides-rye hybrid 2n = 42) with group resistance to two spots, four medium-resistant genotypes to both isolates of tan spot from Kazakhstan and Omsk populations of the pathogen, as well as genotypes resistant to the Omsk isolate of P. triticirepentis (parental form 113/00i-4 and lines 1-16i, 6-16i, 9-16i) were isolated. Among the lines of winter wheat, four were identified with group resistance to spot blotch and tan spot. Additionally, the stress resistance of the lines to NaCl salinization and prolonged flooding of seeds with water was evaluated at the early stages of ontogenesis in laboratory conditions. Lines 33-16i, 37-16i, 32-16i and 9-16i showed a high ability to withstand excess moisture. Lines 33-16i, 37-16i, 32-16i and 3-16i were characterized by high salt tolerance, exceeding the average of 49.7 %. Among the winter genotypes, lines were identified with increased resistance to hypoxia (37-19w, 32-19w, 16-19w, 90-19w) and with increased salt tolerance (20-19w, 9-19w, 37-19w, 90-19w), significantly exceeding the standard cv. Moskovskaya 39. The listed lines are of interest as sources of resistance to anaerobic and salt stress, as well as donors of resistance to a group of fungal diseases: leaf and stem rust and tan spot. We attribute the increased level of resistance of the new initial material to the presence of alien translocations in the original parental forms involved in the origin of the lines

Feasibility of applying gas fuel air heaters "teplovej" as heating systems at industrial facilities

In this paper the heating system of industrial facility with using of air heaters "Teplovej" working on gas fuel is stated. In this paper the feasibility of using large-volume space heating with the applying of air heaters "Teplovej" is analyzed in terms of minimizing heat losses and reducing operating costs.В работе изложена система отопления производственного цеха с использованием тепловеев, работающих на газовом топливе. В работе проанализирована целесообразность применения отопления помещений больших объемов с применением тепловеев, с точки зрения минимизации теплопотерь и уменьшения эксплуатационных затрат

NICOTINAMIDE IN COMPLEX TREATMENT OF LARGE-PLAQUE PARAPSORIASIS AND EARLY STAGES OF MALIGNANT T-CELL SKIN LYMPHOMAS

Aim: To assess clinical efficacy of nicotinamide in 2 the treatment of patients with early stages of malignant T-cell skin lymphomas and large-plaque parapsoriasis. Materials and methods: 12 patients with erythematous stage of mycosis fungoides and 14 patients with large-plaque parapsoriasis were treated by nicotinamide 15 mg twice daily during 2 weeks. Treatment cycles were repeated 4–5 times per year; topical therapy was also administrated. Results: Nicotinamide demonstrated high therapeutic effect and good tolerability in patients with early stage of mycosis fungoides and large-plaque parapsoriasis. Stable remission was achieved in 1  woman with malignant T-cell lymphoma and 12  patients with large-plaque parapsoriasis; significant clinical improvement was shown in 8 and 12 patients, respectively. Conclusion: Thus, nicotinamide is recommended for comprehensive treatment of large-plaque parapsoriasis and early stages of mycosis fungoides

Beet pulp of sugar production and prospects for its use

Due to the latest scientific achievements new opportunities have appeared for deeper processing of not only raw materials, but also by-products of the country's agro-industrial complex. Beet sugar production is a source of a number of by-products such as beet pulp, molasses and filter cake. Domestic sugar production refers to material-intensive industries, since the volume of vegetable raw materials, as well as by-products formed in the technological process, is several times higher than the yield of finished products – white sugar. Insufficient attention to the problems of more complete processing of by-products of sugar beet production may be the cause of environmental degradation. Currently, not only the regulatory documentation regulating the quality indicators of raw materials used and finished products of the industry has been updated, but also the definition of by-products of sugar production, formed in the production of white sugar, has been clarified. In particular, by-products of the sugar beet industry can be used to extract useful components from them, suitable for the production of new food products with increased nutritional value. The main attention in the paper is paid to promising areas for the use of beet pulp for the production of new types of food products. A method has been developed for the production of sugar syrup enriched with pectin extract of beet pulp. The addition of beet pulp pectin extract to the syrup not only increases the nutritional value, but also improves its technological properties while expanding the range of new types of food products and their properties

Contribution of Chronic Sleep Deprivation to Age-Related Neurodegeneration in a Mouse Model of Familial Alzheimer’s Disease (5xFAD)

Sleep–wake cycle disorders most often accompany the elderly and are frequently associated with the development of neurodegenerative processes, primarily Alzheimer’s disease. Sleep disturbances can be diagnosed in patients with AD even before the onset of memory and cognitive impairment, and become more pronounced as the disease progresses. Therefore, the expansion of our knowledge of how sleep relates to AD pathogenesis needs to be addressed as soon as possible. Here, we investigated the influence of chronic sleep deprivation on the motor and orienting–exploratory activity of 5xFAD mice, as well as their spatial learning ability and long-term memory retention. The studies carried out revealed that chronic sleep deprivation negatively affects the processes of spatial memory reconsolidation in 5xFAD mice. This leads to the development of stress-related behavioral responses, including aggressive behavior. In addition, the morphological changes in the cerebral cortex, including changes in the nuclear–cytoplasmic ratio and degradation of neuronal processes are observed. Moreover, we found an increase in the level of total DNA methylation in the blood of the sleep-deprived mice, which may be one of the mechanisms of the two-way relationship between sleep and neurodegeneration

Neuroprotective Effect of Kinase Inhibition in Ischemic Factor Modeling In Vitro

The contribution of many neuronal kinases to the adaptation of nerve cells to ischemic damage and their effect on functional neural network activity has not yet been studied. The aim of this work is to study the role of the four kinases belonging to different metabolic cascades (SRC, Ikkb, eEF2K, and FLT4) in the adaptive potential of the neuron-glial network for modeling the key factors of ischemic damage. We carried out a comprehensive study on the effects of kinases blockade on the viability and network functional calcium activity of nerve cells under ischemic factor modeling in vitro. Ischemic factor modelling was performed on day 14 of culturing primary hippocampal cells obtained from mouse embryos (E18). The most significant neuroprotective effect was shown in the blockade of FLT4 kinase in the simulation of hypoxia. The studies performed revealed the role of FLT4 in the development of functional dysfunction in cerebrovascular accidents and created new opportunities for the study of this enzyme and its blockers in the formation of new therapeutic strategies

Effects of SRC and IKKβ Kinase Inhibition in Ischemic Factors Modeling In Vitro and In Vivo

The search for new molecular targets whose modulation can reduce nerve cell dysfunction and neuronal death during ischemic damage is one of the most significant issues in both fundamental and clinical neurobiology. Various kinase enzymes are often considered to be such promising targets since they are involved in key molecular cascades that regulate cell adaptation to stress factors. Our work is devoted to the study of the role of two kinases—SRC and IKKβ—in maintaining the neural networks’ functional activity under a hypoxic condition in vivo and in vitro. SRC kinase is a cytoplasmic non-receptor protein tyrosine kinase. It is involved in the regulation of cell proliferation and differentiation; its expression in nerve cells changes during hypoxia. IKKβ kinase is involved in the regulation of the activity of the transcription factor NF-κB, which is a pleiotropic regulator of many cellular signaling pathways. We have shown that blockade of SRC and IKKβ kinases by selective inhibitors maintains cell viability in modeling hypoxic damage in vitro but does not allow for the preservation of the bioelectrical activity of neurons. Studies in vivo have shown the neuroprotective effect of SRC but not IKKβ kinase inhibition in the modeling of cerebral ischemia in mice