26 research outputs found
Anesthetic Preconditioning of the Small Intestine in Hemorrhagic Hypotension
Aim of the study. To investigate the preconditioning effect of sevoflurane on small intestinal mucosa in experimental hemorrhagic hypotension.Material and methods. The study was performed on a cohort of 106 male rats that included two experimental groups: one exposed to ether (Group 1, n=40) and another one exposed to sevoflurane (Group 2, n=40); two control groups included 20 intact animals, of which 10 were anesthetized with ether and 10 with sevoflurane. Six animals were excluded from the study because they died by the 2nd hour of hemorrhagic hypotension under ether anesthesia. The study parameters were measured at 15 min, 30 min, 1 h, and 2 h of hemorrhagic hypotension. Amylolytic activity of the small intestine mucosa was determined by E. A. Zabelinsky, B. W. Smith and I. M. Roe technique modified by A. M. Ugolev. The data were statistically analyzed using the nonparametric Mann-Whitney method.Results. By 15 min of hemorrhagic hypotension, the activity of amylase fractions in all small intestine regions in Group 2 animals was significantly lower vs the Group 1 rats. By 30 min of hemorrhagic hypotension, the activity of the enzyme fractions in all small intestine regions in Group 2 animals remained significantly lower than in Group 1, by an average of 2 to 9 times (P=0.01; P<0.001), and after 1 h of hemorrhagic hypotension, it was 2 and 4 times lower (P=0.02; P<0.001). By the 2nd hour of hemorrhagic hypotension, the activity of nearly all duodenal amylase fractions in the Group 2 animals remained 3-4 times lower compared to Group 1. Meanwhile, a significantly higher activity of slowly desorbing and intracellular amylase fractions vs the control group was observed in jejunum and ileum.Conclusion. In hemorrhagic hypotension under sevoflurane anesthesia, a decrease of the pancreas excretory function, stabilization of the brush border of the mucosa of all small intestine regions, including enterocyte membranes, was found during the first hour of experiment. Two hours after the hemorrhage, the biochemical evidence of brush border damage in the jejunum and ileum was revealed
ΠΠ°ΡΠ΄ΠΈΠΎΠΏΡΠΎΡΠ΅ΠΊΡΠΎΡΠ½ΠΎΠ΅ Π΄Π΅ΠΉΡΡΠ²ΠΈΠ΅ ΡΡΠΈΠΌΠ΅ΡΠ°Π·ΠΈΠ΄ΠΈΠ½Π° ΠΏΡΠΈ ΡΡΠΈΠ±Π΅ ΡΠ΅ΡΠ΄ΡΠ° (ΡΠΊΡΠΏΠ΅ΡΠΈΠΌΠ΅Π½ΡΠ°Π»ΡΠ½ΠΎΠ΅ ΠΈΡΡΠ»Π΅Π΄ΠΎΠ²Π°Π½ΠΈΠ΅)
Objective: to study the efficiency of pre-administration of trimetazidine in experimental cardiac contusion in order to lower the degree of posttraumatic myocardial dysfunction. Materials and methods: experiments were carried out on non-inbred albino male rats anesthetized with sodium thiopental. Cardiac contusion was reproduced by an original device that imitated a blow of the steering wheel to the anterior chest, as that observed when a moving car clashes against an obstacle. Some animals were traumatized after preadministration of trimetazidine (25 mg/kg intraperi-toneally). An electrocardiogram, left carotid blood pressure, an integral rheogram, and the first derivative of a differential rheogram were recorded in the direct fashion prior to cardiac contusion simulation and in different posttraumatic periods. Stroke volume, cardiac output, and total peripheral vascular resistance were calculated. Results. Preinjection of trimetazidine significantly prevented the development of arrhythmias in the early posttraumatic period and improved systemic hemodynamic parameters: stroke volume, cardiac output, blood pressure, and total peripheral vascular resistance. No death case within the first hour of a posttraumatic period was an integral criterion for the efficiency of preventive use of trimetazidine in cardiac contusion. Conclusion: trimetazidine produces a cardioprotective effect in experimental cardiac contusion, which shows it possible to clinically use the agent and provides indirect evidence that the ischemically hypoxic mechanism is involved in cardiac traumatic lesion. Key words: experimental cardiac contusion, central hemodynamics, arrhythmias, trimetazidine.Π¦Π΅Π»Ρ ΠΈΡΡΠ»Π΅Π΄ΠΎΠ²Π°Π½ΠΈΡ . ΠΠ·ΡΡΠΈΡΡ ΡΡΡΠ΅ΠΊΡΠΈΠ²Π½ΠΎΡΡΡ ΠΏΡΠ΅Π΄Π²Π°ΡΠΈΡΠ΅Π»ΡΠ½ΠΎΠ³ΠΎ Π²Π²Π΅Π΄Π΅Π½ΠΈΡ ΡΡΠΈΠΌΠ΅ΡΠ°Π·ΠΈΠ΄ΠΈΠ½Π° ΠΏΡΠΈ ΡΠΊΡΠΏΠ΅ΡΠΈΠΌΠ΅Π½ΡΠ°Π»ΡΠ½ΠΎΠΌ ΡΡΠΈΠ±Π΅ ΡΠ΅ΡΠ΄ΡΠ° Ρ ΡΠ΅Π»ΡΡ ΡΠΌΠ΅Π½ΡΡΠ΅Π½ΠΈΡ Π²ΡΡΠ°ΠΆΠ΅Π½Π½ΠΎΡΡΠΈ ΠΏΠΎΡΡΡΡΠ°Π²ΠΌΠ°ΡΠΈΡΠ΅ΡΠΊΠΎΠΉ ΠΌΠΈΠΎΠΊΠ°ΡΠ΄ΠΈΠ°Π»ΡΠ½ΠΎΠΉ Π΄ΠΈΡΡΡΠ½ΠΊΡΠΈΠΈ. ΠΠ°ΡΠ΅ΡΠΈΠ°Π» ΠΈ ΠΌΠ΅ΡΠΎΠ΄Ρ. ΠΠΊΡΠΏΠ΅ΡΠΈΠΌΠ΅Π½ΡΡ Π²ΡΠΏΠΎΠ»Π½Π΅Π½Ρ Π½Π° Π±Π΅Π»ΡΡ
Π±Π΅ΡΠΏΠΎΡΠΎΠ΄Π½ΡΡ
ΠΊΡΡΡΠ°Ρ
-ΡΠ°ΠΌΡΠ°Ρ
, Π½Π°ΡΠΊΠΎΡΠΈΠ·ΠΈΡΠΎΠ²Π°Π½Π½ΡΡ
ΡΠΈΠΎΠΏΠ΅Π½ΡΠ°Π»ΠΎΠΌ Π½Π°ΡΡΠΈΡ. Π£ΡΠΈΠ± ΡΠ΅ΡΠ΄ΡΠ° Π²ΠΎΡΠΏΡΠΎΠΈΠ·Π²ΠΎΠ΄ΠΈΠ»ΠΈ Ρ ΠΏΠΎΠΌΠΎΡΡΡ ΠΎΡΠΈΠ³ΠΈΠ½Π°Π»ΡΠ½ΠΎΠ³ΠΎ ΡΡΡΡΠΎΠΉΡΡΠ²Π°, ΠΈΠΌΠΈΡΠΈΡΡΡΡΠ΅Π³ΠΎ ΡΠ΄Π°Ρ ΠΏΠ΅ΡΠ΅Π΄Π½Π΅ΠΉ Π³ΡΡΠ΄Π½ΠΎΠΉ ΡΡΠ΅Π½ΠΊΠΈ ΠΎ ΡΡΠΎΠΉΠΊΡ ΡΡΠ»Ρ ΠΏΡΠΈ ΡΡΠΎΠ»ΠΊΠ½ΠΎΠ²Π΅Π½ΠΈΠΈ Π΄Π²ΠΈΠΆΡΡΠ΅Π³ΠΎΡΡ Π°Π²ΡΠΎΠΌΠΎΠ±ΠΈΠ»Ρ Ρ ΠΏΡΠ΅ΠΏΡΡΡΡΠ²ΠΈΠ΅ΠΌ. Π£ ΡΠ°ΡΡΠΈ ΠΆΠΈΠ²ΠΎΡΠ½ΡΡ
ΡΡΠ°Π²ΠΌΠ° Π½Π°Π½ΠΎΡΠΈΠ»Π°ΡΡ ΠΏΠΎΡΠ»Π΅ ΠΏΡΠ΅Π΄Π²Π°ΡΠΈΡΠ΅Π»ΡΠ½ΠΎΠ³ΠΎ Π²Π²Π΅Π΄Π΅Π½ΠΈΡ ΡΡΠΈΠΌΠ΅ΡΠ°Π·ΠΈΠ΄ΠΈΠ½Π° (25 ΠΌΠ³/ΠΊΠ³ ΠΌΠ°ΡΡΡ Π²Π½ΡΡΡΠΈΠ±ΡΡΡΠΈΠ½Π½ΠΎ). ΠΠΎ ΠΌΠΎΠ΄Π΅Π»ΠΈΡΠΎΠ²Π°Π½ΠΈΡ ΡΡΠΈΠ±Π° ΡΠ΅ΡΠ΄ΡΠ°, Π° ΡΠ°ΠΊΠΆΠ΅ Π² ΡΠ°Π·Π»ΠΈΡΠ½ΡΠ΅ ΡΡΠΎΠΊΠΈ ΠΏΠΎΡΡΡΡΠ°Π²ΠΌΠ°ΡΠΈΡΠ΅ΡΠΊΠΎΠ³ΠΎ ΠΏΠ΅ΡΠΈΠΎΠ΄Π° ΡΠ΅Π³ΠΈΡΡΡΠΈΡΠΎΠ²Π°Π»ΠΈ ΡΠ»Π΅ΠΊΡΡΠΎΠΊΠ°ΡΠ΄ΠΈΠΎΠ³ΡΠ°ΠΌΠΌΡ, ΠΠ Π² Π»Π΅Π²ΠΎΠΉ ΡΠΎΠ½Π½ΠΎΠΉ Π°ΡΡΠ΅ΡΠΈΠΈ ΠΏΡΡΠΌΡΠΌ ΠΌΠ΅ΡΠΎΠ΄ΠΎΠΌ, ΠΈΠ½ΡΠ΅Π³ΡΠ°Π»ΡΠ½ΡΡ ΡΠ΅ΠΎΠ³ΡΠ°ΠΌΠΌΡ ΠΈ ΠΏΠ΅ΡΠ²ΡΡ ΠΏΡΠΎΠΈΠ·Π²ΠΎΠ΄Π½ΡΡ Π΄ΠΈΡΡΠ΅ΡΠ΅Π½ΡΠΈΠ°Π»ΡΠ½ΠΎΠΉ ΡΠ΅ΠΎΠ³ΡΠ°ΠΌΠΌΡ. Π Π°ΡΡΡΠΈΡΡΠ²Π°Π»ΠΈ ΡΠ΄Π°ΡΠ½ΡΠΉ ΠΎΠ±ΡΠ΅ΠΌ ΡΠ΅ΡΠ΄ΡΠ°, ΠΌΠΈΠ½ΡΡΠ½ΡΠΉ ΠΎΠ±ΡΠ΅ΠΌ ΡΠ΅ΡΠ΄ΡΠ°, ΠΎΠ±ΡΠ΅Π΅ ΠΏΠ΅ΡΠΈΡΠ΅ΡΠΈΡΠ΅ΡΠΊΠΎΠ΅ ΡΠΎΠΏΡΠΎΡΠΈΠ²Π»Π΅Π½ΠΈΠ΅ ΡΠΎΡΡΠ΄ΠΎΠ². Π Π΅Π·ΡΠ»ΡΡΠ°ΡΡ ΠΈ ΠΎΠ±ΡΡΠΆΠ΄Π΅Π½ΠΈΠ΅. ΠΡΠ΅Π΄Π²Π°ΡΠΈΡΠ΅Π»ΡΠ½ΠΎΠ΅ Π²Π²Π΅Π΄Π΅Π½ΠΈΠ΅ ΡΡΠΈΠΌΠ΅ΡΠ°Π·ΠΈΠ΄ΠΈΠ½Π° Π² Π·Π½Π°ΡΠΈΡΠ΅Π»ΡΠ½ΠΎΠΉ ΡΡΠ΅ΠΏΠ΅Π½ΠΈ ΠΏΡΠ΅Π΄ΠΎΡΠ²ΡΠ°ΡΠ°Π»ΠΎ ΡΠ°Π·Π²ΠΈΡΠΈΠ΅ Π°ΡΠΈΡΠΌΠΈΠΉ Π² ΡΠ°Π½Π½Π΅ΠΌ ΠΏΠΎΡΡΡΡΠ°Π²ΠΌΠ°ΡΠΈΡΠ΅ΡΠΊΠΎΠΌ ΠΏΠ΅ΡΠΈΠΎΠ΄Π΅, Π° ΡΠ°ΠΊΠΆΠ΅ ΡΠ»ΡΡΡΠ°Π»ΠΎ ΠΏΠΎΠΊΠ°Π·Π°ΡΠ΅Π»ΠΈ ΡΠΈΡΡΠ΅ΠΌΠ½ΠΎΠΉ Π³Π΅ΠΌΠΎΠ΄ΠΈΠ½Π°ΠΌΠΈΠΊΠΈ: ΡΠ΄Π°ΡΠ½ΡΠΉ ΠΎΠ±ΡΠ΅ΠΌ, ΠΌΠΈΠ½ΡΡΠ½ΡΠΉ ΠΎΠ±ΡΠ΅ΠΌ ΡΠ΅ΡΠ΄ΡΠ°, Π°ΡΡΠ΅ΡΠΈΠ°Π»ΡΠ½ΠΎΠ΅ Π΄Π°Π²Π»Π΅Π½ΠΈΠ΅, ΠΎΠ±ΡΠ΅Π΅ ΠΏΠ΅ΡΠΈΡΠ΅ΡΠΈΡΠ΅ΡΠΊΠΎΠ΅ ΡΠΎΠΏΡΠΎΡΠΈΠ²Π»Π΅Π½ΠΈΠ΅ ΡΠΎΡΡΠ΄ΠΎΠ². ΠΠ½ΡΠ΅Π³ΡΠ°Π»ΡΠ½ΡΠΌ ΠΊΡΠΈΡΠ΅ΡΠΈΠ΅ΠΌ ΡΡΡΠ΅ΠΊΡΠΈΠ²Π½ΠΎΡΡΠΈ ΠΏΡΠΎΡΠΈΠ»Π°ΠΊΡΠΈΡΠ΅ΡΠΊΠΎΠ³ΠΎ ΠΈΡΠΏΠΎΠ»ΡΠ·ΠΎΠ²Π°Π½ΠΈΡ ΡΡΠΈΠΌΠ΅ΡΠ°Π·ΠΈΠ΄ΠΈΠ½Π° ΠΏΡΠΈ ΡΡΠΈΠ±Π΅ ΡΠ΅ΡΠ΄ΡΠ° ΡΠ²ΠΈΠ»ΠΎΡΡ ΠΎΡΡΡΡΡΡΠ²ΠΈΠ΅ Π»Π΅ΡΠ°Π»ΡΠ½ΠΎΡΡΠΈ Π² ΡΠ΅ΡΠ΅Π½ΠΈΠ΅ ΠΏΠ΅ΡΠ²ΠΎΠ³ΠΎ ΡΠ°ΡΠ° ΠΏΠΎΡΡΡΡΠ°Π²ΠΌΠ°ΡΠΈΡΠ΅ΡΠΊΠΎΠ³ΠΎ ΠΏΠ΅ΡΠΈΠΎΠ΄Π°. ΠΠ°ΠΊΠ»ΡΡΠ΅Π½ΠΈΠ΅: ΡΡΠΈΠΌΠ΅ΡΠ°Π·ΠΈΠ΄ΠΈΠ½ ΠΎΠΊΠ°Π·ΡΠ²Π°Π΅Ρ ΠΊΠ°ΡΠ΄ΠΈΠΎΠΏΡΠΎΡΠ΅ΠΊΡΠΎΡΠ½ΠΎΠ΅ Π΄Π΅ΠΉΡΡΠ²ΠΈΠ΅ ΠΏΡΠΈ ΡΠΊΡΠΏΠ΅ΡΠΈΠΌΠ΅Π½ΡΠ°Π»ΡΠ½ΠΎΠΌ ΡΡΠΈΠ±Π΅ ΡΠ΅ΡΠ΄ΡΠ°, ΡΡΠΎ ΠΎΠ±ΠΎΡΠ½ΠΎΠ²ΡΠ²Π°Π΅Ρ Π²ΠΎΠ·ΠΌΠΎΠΆΠ½ΠΎΡΡΡ ΠΊΠ»ΠΈΠ½ΠΈΡΠ΅ΡΠΊΠΎΠ³ΠΎ ΠΏΡΠΈΠΌΠ΅Π½Π΅Π½ΠΈΡ ΠΏΡΠ΅ΠΏΠ°ΡΠ°ΡΠ°, Π° ΡΠ°ΠΊΠΆΠ΅ ΠΊΠΎΡΠ²Π΅Π½Π½ΠΎ ΡΠ²ΠΈΠ΄Π΅ΡΠ΅Π»ΡΡΡΠ²ΡΠ΅Ρ ΠΎΠ± ΡΡΠ°ΡΡΠΈΠΈ ΠΈΡΠ΅ΠΌΠΈΡΠ΅ΡΠΊΠΈ-Π³ΠΈΠΏΠΎΠΊΡΠΈΡΠ΅ΡΠΊΠΎΠ³ΠΎ ΠΌΠ΅Ρ
Π°Π½ΠΈΠ·ΠΌΠ° Π² ΡΡΠ°Π²ΠΌΠ°ΡΠΈΡΠ΅ΡΠΊΠΎΠΌ ΠΏΠΎΠ²ΡΠ΅ΠΆΠ΄Π΅Π½ΠΈΠΈ ΡΠ΅ΡΠ΄ΡΠ°. ΠΠ»ΡΡΠ΅Π²ΡΠ΅ ΡΠ»ΠΎΠ²Π°: ΡΠΊΡΠΏΠ΅ΡΠΈΠΌΠ΅Π½ΡΠ°Π»ΡΠ½ΡΠΉ ΡΡΠΈΠ± ΡΠ΅ΡΠ΄ΡΠ°, ΡΠ΅Π½ΡΡΠ°Π»ΡΠ½Π°Ρ Π³Π΅ΠΌΠΎΠ΄ΠΈΠ½Π°ΠΌΠΈΠΊΠ°, Π°ΡΠΈΡΠΌΠΈΠΈ, ΡΡΠΈΠΌΠ΅ΡΠ°Π·ΠΈΠ΄ΠΈΠ½
Π’Π΅ΡΠ΅Π½ΠΈΠ΅ ΠΏΠΎΡΡΡΡΠ°Π²ΠΌΠ°ΡΠΈΡΠ΅ΡΠΊΠΎΠ³ΠΎ ΠΏΠ΅ΡΠΈΠΎΠ΄Π° ΠΏΡΠΈ ΡΡΠΈΠ±Π΅ ΡΠ΅ΡΠ΄ΡΠ° (ΡΠΊΡΠΏΠ΅ΡΠΈΠΌΠ΅Π½ΡΠ°Π»ΡΠ½ΠΎΠ΅ ΠΈΡΡΠ»Π΅Π΄ΠΎΠ²Π°Π½ΠΈΠ΅)
Objective: to study the efficiency of pre-administration of hypoxen in experimental cardiac contusion in order to lower the degree of posttraumatic myocardial dysfunction. Materials and methods: experiments were carried out on non-inbred albino male rats anesthetized with sodium thiopental. Cardiac contusion was reproduced by an original device that imitated a blow of the steering wheel to the anterior chest, as that observed when a moving car clashes against an obstacle. Some animals were traumatized after pre-administration of hypoxen. An electrocardiogram, left carotid blood pressure (BP), an integral rheogram, and the first derivative of a differential rheogram were recorded prior to cardiac contusion simulation and in different posttraumatic periods. Stroke volume (SV), cardiac output (CO), and total peripheral vascular resistance were calculated. Results. Preinjection of hypoxen completely prevented the development of sinus arrhythmia, paroxysmal ventricular tachycardia, and intraatrial and intraventricular conduction disturbances, irrespective of the baseline BP. In a subgroup of animals with a baseline low BP, the agent reduced the incidence of bradycardia by 1.5 times, heterotopic rhythms by 5.3 times, ventricular premature contractions by 6 times, atrioventricular (AV) block by 5.3 times and diminished the changes in the terminal of a ventricular complex by 6.3 times. In a subgroup of animals with baseline normal BP, bradycardia and heterotopic rhythms were recorded 2 and 7 times more infrequently recorded; ventricular premature beats, AV block, and ST-segment displacement were present in none case. Preinjection of hypoxen improved myocardial contractility, as evidenced by 17β25% SV increases within an hour posttraumatically. However, significant arterial hypotension and lowered CO due to bradycardia in most experimental animals during the preinjection of hypoxen before injury and throughout the posttraumatic period caused a ten-fold increase in mortality rates as compared with the non-hypoxen group. Conclusion. The hemodynamic effects of hypoxen can substantially limit the possibility of using the agent to diminish the degree of posttraumatic cardiac dysfunction. Key words: experimental cardiac contusion, central hemodynamics, hypoxen.Π¦Π΅Π»Ρ ΠΈΡΡΠ»Π΅Π΄ΠΎΠ²Π°Π½ΠΈΡ β ΠΈΠ·ΡΡΠΈΡΡ ΡΡΡΠ΅ΠΊΡΠΈΠ²Π½ΠΎΡΡΡ ΠΏΡΠ΅Π΄Π²Π°ΡΠΈΡΠ΅Π»ΡΠ½ΠΎΠ³ΠΎ Π²Π²Π΅Π΄Π΅Π½ΠΈΡ Π³ΠΈΠΏΠΎΠΊΡΠ΅Π½Π° ΠΏΡΠΈ ΡΠΊΡΠΏΠ΅ΡΠΈΠΌΠ΅Π½ΡΠ°Π»ΡΠ½ΠΎΠΌ ΡΡΠΈΠ±Π΅ ΡΠ΅ΡΠ΄ΡΠ° Ρ ΡΠ΅Π»ΡΡ ΡΠΌΠ΅Π½ΡΡΠ΅Π½ΠΈΡ Π²ΡΡΠ°ΠΆΠ΅Π½Π½ΠΎΡΡΠΈ ΠΏΠΎΡΡΡΡΠ°Π²ΠΌΠ°ΡΠΈΡΠ΅ΡΠΊΠΎΠΉ ΠΌΠΈΠΎΠΊΠ°ΡΠ΄ΠΈΠ°Π»ΡΠ½ΠΎΠΉ Π΄ΠΈΡΡΡΠ½ΠΊΡΠΈΠΈ. ΠΠ°ΡΠ΅ΡΠΈΠ°Π» ΠΈ ΠΌΠ΅ΡΠΎΠ΄Ρ. ΠΠΊΡΠΏΠ΅ΡΠΈΠΌΠ΅Π½ΡΡ Π²ΡΠΏΠΎΠ»Π½Π΅Π½Ρ Π½Π° Π±Π΅Π»ΡΡ
Π±Π΅ΡΠΏΠΎΡΠΎΠ΄Π½ΡΡ
ΠΊΡΡΡΠ°Ρ
-ΡΠ°ΠΌΡΠ°Ρ
, Π½Π°ΡΠΊΠΎΡΠΈΠ·ΠΈΡΠΎΠ²Π°Π½Π½ΡΡ
ΡΠΈΠΎΠΏΠ΅Π½ΡΠ°Π»ΠΎΠΌ Π½Π°ΡΡΠΈΡ. Π£ΡΠΈΠ± ΡΠ΅ΡΠ΄ΡΠ° Π²ΠΎΡΠΏΡΠΎΠΈΠ·Π²ΠΎΠ΄ΠΈΠ»ΠΈ Ρ ΠΏΠΎΠΌΠΎΡΡΡ ΠΎΡΠΈΠ³ΠΈΠ½Π°Π»ΡΠ½ΠΎΠ³ΠΎ ΡΡΡΡΠΎΠΉΡΡΠ²Π°, ΠΈΠΌΠΈΡΠΈΡΡΡΡΠ΅Π³ΠΎ ΡΠ΄Π°Ρ ΠΏΠ΅ΡΠ΅Π΄Π½Π΅ΠΉ Π³ΡΡΠ΄Π½ΠΎΠΉ ΡΡΠ΅Π½ΠΊΠΈ ΠΎ ΡΡΠΎΠΉΠΊΡ ΡΡΠ»Ρ ΠΏΡΠΈ ΡΡΠΎΠ»ΠΊΠ½ΠΎΠ²Π΅Π½ΠΈΠΈ Π΄Π²ΠΈΠΆΡΡΠ΅Π³ΠΎΡΡ Π°Π²ΡΠΎΠΌΠΎΠ±ΠΈΠ»Ρ Ρ ΠΏΡΠ΅ΠΏΡΡΡΡΠ²ΠΈΠ΅ΠΌ. Π£ ΡΠ°ΡΡΠΈ ΠΆΠΈΠ²ΠΎΡΠ½ΡΡ
ΡΡΠ°Π²ΠΌΡ Π½Π°Π½ΠΎΡΠΈΠ»ΠΈ ΠΏΠΎΡΠ»Π΅ ΠΏΡΠ΅Π΄Π²Π°ΡΠΈΡΠ΅Π»ΡΠ½ΠΎΠ³ΠΎ Π²Π²Π΅Π΄Π΅Π½ΠΈΡ Π³ΠΈΠΏΠΎΠΊΡΠ΅Π½Π°. ΠΠΎ ΠΌΠΎΠ΄Π΅Π»ΠΈΡΠΎΠ²Π°Π½ΠΈΡ ΡΡΠΈΠ±Π° ΡΠ΅ΡΠ΄ΡΠ°, Π° ΡΠ°ΠΊΠΆΠ΅ Π² ΡΠ°Π·Π»ΠΈΡΠ½ΡΠ΅ ΡΡΠΎΠΊΠΈ ΠΏΠΎΡΡΡΡΠ°Π²ΠΌΠ°ΡΠΈΡΠ΅ΡΠΊΠΎΠ³ΠΎ ΠΏΠ΅ΡΠΈΠΎΠ΄Π° ΡΠ΅Π³ΠΈΡΡΡΠΈΡΠΎΠ²Π°Π»ΠΈ ΡΠ»Π΅ΠΊΡΡΠΎΠΊΠ°ΡΠ΄ΠΈΠΎΠ³ΡΠ°ΠΌΠΌΡ, ΠΠ Π² Π»Π΅Π²ΠΎΠΉ ΡΠΎΠ½Π½ΠΎΠΉ Π°ΡΡΠ΅ΡΠΈΠΈ ΠΏΡΡΠΌΡΠΌ ΠΌΠ΅ΡΠΎΠ΄ΠΎΠΌ, ΠΈΠ½ΡΠ΅Π³ΡΠ°Π»ΡΠ½ΡΡ ΡΠ΅ΠΎΠ³ΡΠ°ΠΌΠΌΡ ΠΈ ΠΏΠ΅ΡΠ²ΡΡ ΠΏΡΠΎΠΈΠ·Π²ΠΎΠ΄Π½ΡΡ Π΄ΠΈΡΡΠ΅ΡΠ΅Π½ΡΠΈΠ°Π»ΡΠ½ΠΎΠΉ ΡΠ΅ΠΎΠ³ΡΠ°ΠΌΠΌΡ. Π Π°ΡΡΡΠΈΡΡΠ²Π°Π»ΠΈ ΡΠ΄Π°ΡΠ½ΡΠΉ ΠΎΠ±ΡΠ΅ΠΌ (Π£Π) ΠΈ ΠΌΠΈΠ½ΡΡΠ½ΡΠΉ ΠΎΠ±ΡΠ΅ΠΌ ΡΠ΅ΡΠ΄ΡΠ° (ΠΠΠ‘), ΠΎΠ±ΡΠ΅Π΅ ΠΏΠ΅ΡΠΈΡΠ΅ΡΠΈΡΠ΅ΡΠΊΠΎΠ΅ ΡΠΎΠΏΡΠΎΡΠΈΠ²Π»Π΅Π½ΠΈΠ΅ ΡΠΎΡΡΠ΄ΠΎΠ² (ΠΠΠ‘Π‘). Π Π΅Π·ΡΠ»ΡΡΠ°ΡΡ. ΠΡΠ΅Π΄Π²Π°ΡΠΈΡΠ΅Π»ΡΠ½ΠΎΠ΅ Π²Π²Π΅Π΄Π΅Π½ΠΈΠ΅ Π³ΠΈΠΏΠΎΠΊΡΠ΅Π½Π° ΠΏΠΎΠ»Π½ΠΎΡΡΡΡ ΠΏΡΠ΅Π΄ΠΎΡΠ²ΡΠ°ΡΠ°Π»ΠΎ ΡΠ°Π·Π²ΠΈΡΠΈΠ΅ ΡΠΈΠ½ΡΡΠΎΠ²ΠΎΠΉ Π°ΡΠΈΡΠΌΠΈΠΈ, ΠΏΠ°ΡΠΎΠΊΡΠΈΠ·ΠΌΠ°Π»ΡΠ½ΠΎΠΉ ΠΆΠ΅Π»ΡΠ΄ΠΎΡΠΊΠΎΠ²ΠΎΠΉ ΡΠ°Ρ
ΠΈΠΊΠ°ΡΠ΄ΠΈΠΈ, Π½Π°ΡΡΡΠ΅Π½ΠΈΠΉ Π²Π½ΡΡΡΠΈΠΏΡΠ΅Π΄ΡΠ΅ΡΠ΄Π½ΠΎΠΉ ΠΈ Π²Π½ΡΡΡΠΈΠΆΠ΅Π»ΡΠ΄ΠΎΡΠΊΠΎΠ²ΠΎΠΉ ΠΏΡΠΎΠ²ΠΎΠ΄ΠΈΠΌΠΎΡΡΠΈ Π½Π΅Π·Π°Π²ΠΈΡΠΈΠΌΠΎ ΠΎΡ ΠΈΡΡ
ΠΎΠ΄Π½ΠΎΠ³ΠΎ ΡΡΠΎΠ²Π½Ρ ΠΠ. Π ΠΏΠΎΠ΄Π³ΡΡΠΏΠΏΠ΅ ΠΆΠΈΠ²ΠΎΡΠ½ΡΡ
Ρ ΠΈΡΡ
ΠΎΠ΄Π½ΠΎ Π½ΠΈΠ·ΠΊΠΈΠΌ ΡΡΠΎΠ²Π½Π΅ΠΌ ΠΠ ΠΏΡΠ΅ΠΏΠ°ΡΠ°Ρ ΡΠΌΠ΅Π½ΡΡΠ°Π» ΡΠ°ΡΡΠΎΡΡ Π²ΠΎΠ·Π½ΠΈΠΊΠ½ΠΎΠ²Π΅Π½ΠΈΡ Π±ΡΠ°Π΄ΠΈΠΊΠ°ΡΠ΄ΠΈΠΈ Π² 1,5 ΡΠ°Π·Π°, Π³Π΅ΡΠ΅ΡΠΎΡΠΎΠΏΠ½ΡΡ
ΡΠΈΡΠΌΠΎΠ² β Π² 5,3 ΡΠ°Π·Π°, ΡΠΊΡΡΡΠ°ΡΠΈΡΡΠΎΠ»ΠΈΠΈ β Π² 6 ΡΠ°Π·, ΠΠ-Π±Π»ΠΎΠΊΠ°Π΄ β Π² 5,3 ΡΠ°Π·Π°, ΠΈΠ·ΠΌΠ΅Π½Π΅Π½ΠΈΡ ΠΊΠΎΠ½Π΅ΡΠ½ΠΎΠΉ ΡΠ°ΡΡΠΈ ΠΆΠ΅Π»ΡΠ΄ΠΎΡΠΊΠΎΠ²ΠΎΠ³ΠΎ ΠΊΠΎΠΌΠΏΠ»Π΅ΠΊΡΠ° β Π² 6,3 ΡΠ°Π·Π°. Π ΠΏΠΎΠ΄Π³ΡΡΠΏΠΏΠ΅ Ρ ΠΈΡΡ
ΠΎΠ΄Π½ΠΎ Π½ΠΎΡΠΌΠ°Π»ΡΠ½ΡΠΌ ΡΡΠΎΠ²Π½Π΅ΠΌ ΠΠ Π±ΡΠ°Π΄ΠΈΠΊΠ°ΡΠ΄ΠΈΡ ΡΠ΅Π³ΠΈΡΡΡΠΈΡΠΎΠ²Π°Π»Π°ΡΡ Π² 2 ΡΠ°Π·Π° ΡΠ΅ΠΆΠ΅, Π³Π΅ΡΠ΅ΡΠΎΡΠΎΠΏΠ½ΡΠ΅ ΡΠΈΡΠΌΡ β Π² 7 ΡΠ°Π· ΡΠ΅ΠΆΠ΅, Π½ΠΈ Π² ΠΎΠ΄Π½ΠΎΠΌ ΡΠ»ΡΡΠ°Π΅ Π½Π΅ ΡΠ΅Π³ΠΈΡΡΡΠΈΡΠΎΠ²Π°Π»ΠΈΡΡ ΡΠΊΡΡΡΠ°ΡΠΈΡΡΠΎ-Π»ΠΈΡ, ΠΠ-Π±Π»ΠΎΠΊΠ°Π΄Ρ ΠΈ ΡΠΌΠ΅ΡΠ΅Π½ΠΈΠ΅ ΡΠ΅Π³ΠΌΠ΅Π½ΡΠ° ST. ΠΡΠ΅Π΄Π²Π°ΡΠΈΡΠ΅Π»ΡΠ½ΠΎΠ΅ Π²Π²Π΅Π΄Π΅Π½ΠΈΠ΅ Π³ΠΈΠΏΠΎΠΊΡΠ΅Π½Π° ΡΠ»ΡΡΡΠ°Π»ΠΎ ΡΠΎΠΊΡΠ°ΡΠΈΡΠ΅Π»ΡΠ½ΡΡ ΡΡΠ½ΠΊΡΠΈΡ ΠΌΠΈΠΎΠΊΠ°ΡΠ΄Π°, ΠΎ ΡΠ΅ΠΌ ΡΠ²ΠΈΠ΄Π΅ΡΠ΅Π»ΡΡΡΠ²ΠΎΠ²Π°Π»ΠΎ ΡΠ²Π΅Π»ΠΈΡΠ΅Π½ΠΈΠ΅ Π£Π Π½Π° 17β25% Π² ΡΠ΅ΡΠ΅Π½ΠΈΠ΅ 1 Ρ ΠΏΠΎΡΡΡΡΠ°Π²ΠΌΠ°ΡΠΈΡΠ΅ΡΠΊΠΎΠ³ΠΎ ΠΏΠ΅ΡΠΈΠΎΠ΄Π°. ΠΠ΄Π½Π°ΠΊΠΎ Π²ΡΡΠ°ΠΆΠ΅Π½Π½Π°Ρ Π°ΡΡΠ΅ΡΠΈΠ°Π»ΡΠ½Π°Ρ Π³ΠΈΠΏΠΎΡΠ΅Π½Π·ΠΈΡ ΠΈ ΡΠ½ΠΈΠΆΠ΅Π½ΠΈΠ΅ ΠΠΠ‘ Π·Π° ΡΡΠ΅Ρ Π±ΡΠ°Π΄ΠΈΠΊΠ°ΡΠ΄ΠΈΠΈ Ρ Π±ΠΎΠ»ΡΡΠ΅ΠΉ ΡΠ°ΡΡΠΈ ΡΠΊΡΠΏΠ΅ΡΠΈΠΌΠ΅Π½ΡΠ°Π»ΡΠ½ΡΡ
ΠΆΠΈΠ²ΠΎΡΠ½ΡΡ
Π½Π° ΡΠΎΠ½Π΅ ΠΏΡΠ΅Π΄Π²Π°ΡΠΈΡΠ΅Π»ΡΠ½ΠΎΠ³ΠΎ Π²Π²Π΅Π΄Π΅Π½ΠΈΡ Π³ΠΈΠΏΠΎΠΊΡΠ΅Π½Π° ΠΊΠ°ΠΊ Π΄ΠΎ ΡΡΠ°Π²ΠΌΡ, ΡΠ°ΠΊ ΠΈ Π² ΡΠ΅ΡΠ΅Π½ΠΈΠ΅ Π²ΡΠ΅Π³ΠΎ ΠΏΠΎΡΡΡΡΠ°Π²ΠΌΠ°ΡΠΈΡΠ΅ΡΠΊΠΎΠ³ΠΎ ΠΏΠ΅ΡΠΈΠΎΠ΄Π° ΠΏΡΠΈΠ²Π΅Π»ΠΈ ΠΊ Π΄Π΅ΡΡΡΠΈΠΊΡΠ°ΡΠ½ΠΎΠΌΡ ΡΠ²Π΅Π»ΠΈΡΠ΅Π½ΠΈΡ ΠΏΠΎΠΊΠ°Π·Π°ΡΠ΅Π»Ρ Π»Π΅ΡΠ°Π»ΡΠ½ΠΎΡΡΠΈ ΠΏΠΎ ΡΡΠ°Π²Π½Π΅Π½ΠΈΡ Ρ Π³ΡΡΠΏΠΏΠΎΠΉ Π±Π΅Π· ΠΈΡΠΏΠΎΠ»ΡΠ·ΠΎΠ²Π°Π½ΠΈΡ Π³ΠΈΠΏΠΎΠΊΡΠ΅Π½Π°. ΠΠ°ΠΊΠ»ΡΡΠ΅Π½ΠΈΠ΅. ΠΠ΅ΠΌΠΎΠ΄ΠΈΠ½Π°ΠΌΠΈΡΠ΅ΡΠΊΠΈΠ΅ ΡΡΡΠ΅ΠΊΡΡ Π³ΠΈΠΏΠΎΠΊΡΠ΅Π½Π° ΠΌΠΎΠ³ΡΡ ΡΡΡΠ΅ΡΡΠ²Π΅Π½Π½ΠΎ ΠΎΠ³ΡΠ°Π½ΠΈΡΠΈΠ²Π°ΡΡ Π²ΠΎΠ·ΠΌΠΎΠΆΠ½ΠΎΡΡΡ ΠΈΡΠΏΠΎΠ»ΡΠ·ΠΎΠ²Π°Π½ΠΈΡ ΠΏΡΠ΅ΠΏΠ°ΡΠ°ΡΠ° Ρ ΡΠ΅Π»ΡΡ ΡΠΌΠ΅Π½ΡΡΠ΅Π½ΠΈΡ Π²ΡΡΠ°ΠΆΠ΅Π½Π½ΠΎΡΡΠΈ ΠΏΠΎΡΡΡΡΠ°Π²ΠΌΠ°ΡΠΈΡΠ΅ΡΠΊΠΎΠΉ Π΄ΠΈΡΡΡΠ½ΠΊΡΠΈΠΈ ΡΠ΅ΡΠ΄ΡΠ°. ΠΠ»ΡΡΠ΅Π²ΡΠ΅ ΡΠ»ΠΎΠ²Π°: ΡΠΊΡΠΏΠ΅ΡΠΈΠΌΠ΅Π½ΡΠ°Π»ΡΠ½ΡΠΉ ΡΡΠΈΠ± ΡΠ΅ΡΠ΄ΡΠ°, ΡΠ΅Π½ΡΡΠ°Π»ΡΠ½Π°Ρ Π³Π΅ΠΌΠΎΠ΄ΠΈΠ½Π°ΠΌΠΈΠΊΠ°, Π³ΠΈΠΏΠΎΠΊΡΠ΅Π½
ΠΠ»Π΅ΠΊΡΡΠΎΠΊΠ°ΡΠ΄ΠΈΠΎΠ³ΡΠ°ΡΠΈΡΠ΅ΡΠΊΠΈΠ΅ Π½Π°ΡΡΡΠ΅Π½ΠΈΡ ΠΏΡΠΈ ΡΡΠΈΠ±Π΅ ΡΠ΅ΡΠ΄ΡΠ° (ΡΠΊΡΠΏΠ΅ΡΠΈΠΌΠ΅Π½ΡΠ°Π»ΡΠ½ΠΎΠ΅ ΠΈΡΡΠ»Π΅Π΄ΠΎΠ²Π°Π½ΠΈΠ΅)
Objective: to study the incidence and pattern of cardiac arrhythmias and other abnormalities in the early posttraumatic period of experimental cardiac contusion and to assess their contribution to death and the development of posttraumat-ic myocardial dysfunction.Materials and methods: experiments were carried out on non-inbred albino male rats anesthetized with sodium thiopental. An electrocardiogram, respiration rate, and left carotid blood pressure were recorded in the direct fashion. Cardiac contusion was reproduced by an original device that imitated a blow of the steering wheel to the anterior chest, as that observed when a moving car clashed against an obstacle. Some animals were traumatized after preadministration of atropine sulfate.Results: sinus bradycardia accompanied by bradypnoea or short-term apnoea and lowered blood pressure is a compulsory and persistent ECG abnormality. Preinjection of atropine significantly prevents the occurrence of these changes and points to the likely reflectory mechanism of their development. Other ECG abnormalities (heterotopic rhythms, premature beats, conduction blockade, terminal ventricular complex changes, etc.) are encountered in a variety of combinations, including those among which typical changes that are undetectable, are diverse, short-term, and labile. Among them, there are virtually no hemodynamic and potentially fatal arrhythmias.Conclusion: in experimental isolated cardiac contusion, the pattern of cardiac arrhythmias differs from that observed in the inpatient setting. Cardiac arrhythmias and other ECG abnormalities do not make a considerable contribution to a mortality rate under the conditions of this experiment since there are no hemodynamic ones.Β Π¦Π΅Π»Ρ ΠΈΡΡΠ»Π΅Π΄ΠΎΠ²Π°Π½ΠΈΡ : ΠΈΠ·ΡΡΠΈΡΡ ΡΠ°ΡΡΠΎΡΡ ΡΠ°Π·Π²ΠΈΡΠΈΡ ΠΈ ΡΡΡΡΠΊΡΡΡΡ Π½Π°ΡΡΡΠ΅Π½ΠΈΠΉ ΡΠ΅ΡΠ΄Π΅ΡΠ½ΠΎΠ³ΠΎ ΡΠΈΡΠΌΠ° ΠΈ Π΄ΡΡΠ³ΠΈΡ
ΠΠΠ-ΠΎΡΠΊΠ»ΠΎΠ½Π΅Π½ΠΈΠΉ Π² ΡΠ°Π½Π½Π΅ΠΌ ΠΏΠΎΡΡΡΡΠ°Π²ΠΌΠ°ΡΠΈΡΠ΅ΡΠΊΠΎΠΌ ΠΏΠ΅ΡΠΈΠΎΠ΄Π΅ ΡΠΊΡΠΏΠ΅ΡΠΈΠΌΠ΅Π½ΡΠ°Π»ΡΠ½ΠΎΠ³ΠΎ ΡΡΠΈΠ±Π° ΡΠ΅ΡΠ΄ΡΠ°, Π° ΡΠ°ΠΊΠΆΠ΅ ΠΈΡ
Π²ΠΊΠ»Π°Π΄ Π² Π»Π΅ΡΠ°Π»ΡΠ½ΠΎΡΡΡ ΠΈ ΡΠΎΡΠΌΠΈΡΠΎΠ²Π°Π½ΠΈΠ΅ ΠΏΠΎΡΡΡΡΠ°Π²ΠΌΠ°ΡΠΈΡΠ΅ΡΠΊΠΎΠΉ ΠΌΠΈΠΎΠΊΠ°ΡΠ΄ΠΈΠ°Π»ΡΠ½ΠΎΠΉ Π΄ΠΈΡΡΡΠ½ΠΊΡΠΈΠΈ.ΠΠ°ΡΠ΅ΡΠΈΠ°Π»Ρ ΠΈ ΠΌΠ΅ΡΠΎΠ΄Ρ: ΡΠΊΡΠΏΠ΅ΡΠΈΠΌΠ΅Π½ΡΡ Π²ΡΠΏΠΎΠ»Π½Π΅Π½Ρ Π½Π° Π±Π΅Π»ΡΡ
Π±Π΅ΡΠΏΠΎΡΠΎΠ΄Π½ΡΡ
ΠΊΡΡΡΠ°Ρ
-ΡΠ°ΠΌΡΠ°Ρ
, Π½Π°ΡΠΊΠΎΡΠΈΠ·ΠΈΡΠΎΠ²Π°Π½Π½ΡΡ
ΡΠΈΠΎΠΏΠ΅Π½ΡΠ°Π»ΠΎΠΌ Π½Π°ΡΡΠΈΡ. Π Π΅Π³ΠΈΡΡΡΠΈΡΠΎΠ²Π°Π»ΠΈ ΡΠ»Π΅ΠΊΡΡΠΎΠΊΠ°ΡΠ΄ΠΈΠΎΠ³ΡΠ°ΠΌΠΌΡ, ΡΠ°ΡΡΠΎΡΡ Π΄ΡΡ
Π°Π½ΠΈΡ ΠΈ ΠΠ Π² Π»Π΅Π²ΠΎΠΉ ΡΠΎΠ½Π½ΠΎΠΉ Π°ΡΡΠ΅ΡΠΈΠΈ ΠΏΡΡΠΌΡΠΌ ΠΌΠ΅ΡΠΎΠ΄ΠΎΠΌ. Π£ΡΠΈΠ± ΡΠ΅ΡΠ΄ΡΠ° Π²ΠΎΡΠΏΡΠΎΠΈΠ·Π²ΠΎΠ΄ΠΈΠ»ΠΈ Ρ ΠΏΠΎΠΌΠΎΡΡΡ ΠΎΡΠΈΠ³ΠΈΠ½Π°Π»ΡΠ½ΠΎΠ³ΠΎ ΡΡΡΡΠΎΠΉΡΡΠ²Π°, ΠΈΠΌΠΈΡΠΈΡΡΡΡΠ΅Π³ΠΎ ΡΠ΄Π°Ρ ΠΏΠ΅ΡΠ΅Π΄Π½Π΅ΠΉ Π³ΡΡΠ΄Π½ΠΎΠΉ ΡΡΠ΅Π½ΠΊΠΈ ΠΎ ΡΡΠΎΠΉΠΊΡ ΡΡΠ»Ρ ΠΏΡΠΈ ΡΡΠΎΠ»ΠΊΠ½ΠΎΠ²Π΅Π½ΠΈΠΈ Π΄Π²ΠΈΠΆΡΡΠ΅Π³ΠΎΡΡ Π°Π²ΡΠΎΠΌΠΎΠ±ΠΈΠ»Ρ Ρ ΠΏΡΠ΅ΠΏΡΡΡΡΠ²ΠΈΠ΅ΠΌ. Π£ ΡΠ°ΡΡΠΈ ΠΆΠΈΠ²ΠΎΡΠ½ΡΡ
ΡΡΠ°Π²ΠΌΠ° Π½Π°Π½ΠΎΡΠΈΠ»Π°ΡΡ ΠΏΠΎΡΠ»Π΅ ΠΏΡΠ΅Π΄Π²Π°ΡΠΈΡΠ΅Π»ΡΠ½ΠΎΠ³ΠΎ Π²Π²Π΅Π΄Π΅Π½ΠΈΡ Π°ΡΡΠΎΠΏΠΈΠ½Π° ΡΡΠ»ΡΡΠ°ΡΠ°.Π Π΅Π·ΡΠ»ΡΡΠ°ΡΡ: ΠΎΠ±ΡΠ·Π°ΡΠ΅Π»ΡΠ½ΡΠΌ ΠΈ ΡΡΠΎΠΉΠΊΠΈΠΌ ΠΠΠ-ΠΎΡΠΊΠ»ΠΎΠ½Π΅Π½ΠΈΠ΅ΠΌ Π² ΡΠ°Π½Π½Π΅ΠΌ ΠΏΠΎΡΡΡΡΠ°Π²ΠΌΠ°ΡΠΈΡΠ΅ΡΠΊΠΎΠΌ ΠΏΠ΅ΡΠΈΠΎΠ΄Π΅ ΠΈΠ·ΠΎΠ»ΠΈΡΠΎΠ²Π°Π½Π½ΠΎΠ³ΠΎ ΡΠΊΡΠΏΠ΅ΡΠΈΠΌΠ΅Π½ΡΠ°Π»ΡΠ½ΠΎΠ³ΠΎ ΡΡΠΈΠ±Π° ΡΠ΅ΡΠ΄ΡΠ° ΡΠ²Π»ΡΠ΅ΡΡΡ ΡΠΈΠ½ΡΡΠΎΠ²Π°Ρ Π±ΡΠ°Π΄ΠΈΠΊΠ°ΡΠ΄ΠΈΡ, ΡΠΎΠΏΡΠΎΠ²ΠΎΠΆΠ΄Π°ΡΡΠ°ΡΡΡ ΡΡΠ΅ΠΆΠ΅Π½ΠΈΠ΅ΠΌ ΠΈΠ»ΠΈ ΠΊΡΠ°ΡΠΊΠΎΠ²ΡΠ΅ΠΌΠ΅Π½Π½ΠΎΠΉ ΠΎΡΡΠ°Π½ΠΎΠ²ΠΊΠΎΠΉ Π΄ΡΡ
Π°Π½ΠΈΡ ΠΈ ΡΠ½ΠΈΠΆΠ΅Π½ΠΈΠ΅ΠΌ Π°ΡΡΠ΅ΡΠΈΠ°Π»ΡΠ½ΠΎΠ³ΠΎ Π΄Π°Π²Π»Π΅Π½ΠΈΡ. ΠΡΠ΅Π΄Π²Π°ΡΠΈΡΠ΅Π»ΡΠ½ΠΎΠ΅ Π²Π²Π΅Π΄Π΅Π½ΠΈΠ΅ Π°ΡΡΠΎΠΏΠΈΠ½Π° Π² Π·Π½Π°ΡΠΈΡΠ΅Π»ΡΠ½ΠΎΠΉ ΡΡΠ΅ΠΏΠ΅Π½ΠΈ ΠΏΡΠ΅Π΄ΠΎΡΠ²ΡΠ°ΡΠ°Π΅Ρ Π²ΠΎΠ·Π½ΠΈΠΊΠ½ΠΎΠ²Π΅Π½ΠΈΠ΅ Π΄Π°Π½Π½ΡΡ
ΠΈΠ·ΠΌΠ΅Π½Π΅Π½ΠΈΠΉ ΠΈ ΡΠΊΠ°Π·ΡΠ²Π°Π΅Ρ Π½Π° Π²Π΅ΡΠΎΡΡΠ½ΡΠΉ ΡΠ΅ΡΠ»Π΅ΠΊΡΠΎΡΠ½ΡΠΉ ΠΌΠ΅Ρ
Π°Π½ΠΈΠ·ΠΌ ΠΈΡ
ΡΠ°Π·Π²ΠΈΡΠΈΡ. ΠΡΡΠ³ΠΈΠ΅ ΠΠΠ-ΠΎΡΠΊΠ»ΠΎΠ½Π΅Π½ΠΈΡ (Π³Π΅ΡΠ΅ΡΠΎΡΠΎΠΏΠ½ΡΠ΅ ΡΠΈΡΠΌΡ, ΡΠΊΡΡΡΠ°ΡΠΈΡΡΠΎΠ»ΠΈΡ, Π±Π»ΠΎΠΊΠ°Π΄Ρ ΠΏΡΠΎΠ²Π΅Π΄Π΅Π½ΠΈΡ, ΠΈΠ·ΠΌΠ΅Π½Π΅Π½ΠΈΡ ΠΊΠΎΠ½Π΅ΡΠ½ΠΎΠΉ ΡΠ°ΡΡΠΈ ΠΆΠ΅Π»ΡΠ΄ΠΎΡΠΊΠΎΠ²ΠΎΠ³ΠΎ ΠΊΠΎΠΌΠΏΠ»Π΅ΠΊΡΠ° ΠΈ Π΄Ρ.) Π²ΡΡΡΠ΅ΡΠ°ΡΡΡΡ Π² ΡΠ°ΠΌΡΡ
ΡΠ°Π·Π½ΠΎΠΎΠ±ΡΠ°Π·Π½ΡΡ
ΡΠΎΡΠ΅ΡΠ°Π½ΠΈΡΡ
, Π² ΡΠΈΡΠ»Π΅ ΠΊΠΎΡΠΎΡΡΡ
Π½Π΅ ΡΠ΄Π°Π»ΠΎΡΡ Π²ΡΡΠ²ΠΈΡΡ ΡΠΈΠΏΠΈΡΠ½ΡΡ
, Π½ΠΎΡΡΡ ΡΠ°Π·Π½ΠΎΠΎΠ±ΡΠ°Π·Π½ΡΠΉ, ΠΊΡΠ°ΡΠΊΠΎΠ²ΡΠ΅ΠΌΠ΅Π½Π½ΡΠΉ ΠΈ Π»Π°Π±ΠΈΠ»ΡΠ½ΡΠΉ Ρ
Π°ΡΠ°ΠΊΡΠ΅Ρ. Π‘ΡΠ΅Π΄ΠΈ Π½ΠΈΡ
ΠΏΡΠ°ΠΊΡΠΈΡΠ΅ΡΠΊΠΈ ΠΎΡΡΡΡΡΡΠ²ΡΡΡ Π³Π΅ΠΌΠΎΠ΄ΠΈΠ½Π°ΠΌΠΈΡΠ΅ΡΠΊΠΈ Π·Π½Π°ΡΠΈΠΌΡΠ΅ ΠΈ ΠΏΠΎΡΠ΅Π½ΡΠΈΠ°Π»ΡΠ½ΠΎ Π»Π΅ΡΠ°Π»ΡΠ½ΡΠ΅ Π½Π°ΡΡΡΠ΅Π½ΠΈΡ ΡΠΈΡΠΌΠ°.ΠΠ°ΠΊΠ»ΡΡΠ΅Π½ΠΈΠ΅: ΡΡΡΡΠΊΡΡΡΠ° Π½Π°ΡΡΡΠ΅Π½ΠΈΠΉ ΡΠ΅ΡΠ΄Π΅ΡΠ½ΠΎΠ³ΠΎ ΡΠΈΡΠΌΠ° ΠΏΡΠΈ ΡΠΊΡΠΏΠ΅ΡΠΈΠΌΠ΅Π½ΡΠ°Π»ΡΠ½ΠΎΠΌ ΠΈΠ·ΠΎΠ»ΠΈΡΠΎΠ²Π°Π½Π½ΠΎΠΌ ΡΡΠΈΠ±Π΅ ΡΠ΅ΡΠ΄ΡΠ° ΠΎΡΠ»ΠΈΡΠ°Π΅ΡΡΡ ΠΎΡ ΡΠ°ΠΊΠΎΠ²ΠΎΠΉ Π² ΡΡΠ»ΠΎΠ²ΠΈΡΡ
ΠΊΠ»ΠΈΠ½ΠΈΠΊΠΈ. ΠΠ°ΡΡΡΠ΅Π½ΠΈΡ ΡΠ΅ΡΠ΄Π΅ΡΠ½ΠΎΠ³ΠΎ ΡΠΈΡΠΌΠ° ΠΈ Π΄ΡΡΠ³ΠΈΠ΅ ΠΠΠ-ΠΎΡΠΊΠ»ΠΎΠ½Π΅Π½ΠΈΡ Π½Π΅ Π²Π½ΠΎΡΡΡ ΡΡΡΠ΅ΡΡΠ²Π΅Π½Π½ΠΎΠ³ΠΎ Π²ΠΊΠ»Π°Π΄Π° Π² ΠΏΠΎΠΊΠ°Π·Π°ΡΠ΅Π»Ρ Π»Π΅ΡΠ°Π»ΡΠ½ΠΎΡΡΠΈ Π² ΡΡΠ»ΠΎΠ²ΠΈΡΡ
Π΄Π°Π½Π½ΠΎΠ³ΠΎ ΡΠΊΡΠΏΠ΅ΡΠΈΠΌΠ΅Π½ΡΠ°, ΠΏΠΎΡΠΊΠΎΠ»ΡΠΊΡ ΡΡΠ΅Π΄ΠΈ Π½ΠΈΡ
Π½Π΅Ρ Π³Π΅ΠΌΠΎΠ΄ΠΈΠ½Π°ΠΌΠΈΡΠ΅ΡΠΊΠΈ Π·Π½Π°ΡΠΈΠΌΡΡ
.
On the Possibility of Using Succinate in Hypoxia Developing in COVID-19
Aim. To provide a rationale for the feasibility of using the succinate-containing drugs to treat hypoxia associated with COVID-19 based on the analysis of experimental and clinical studies.Materials and methods. 84 Russian and international literature sources concerning the pathogenesis of COVID-19 and the pathogenetic role of succinate in the management of COVID-19 associated hypoxia, oxidative stress and diaphragmatic dysfunction were analyzed. The literature search was performed using Pubmed and ELIBRARY.ru databases.Results. The literature analysis showed that tissue hypoxia, triggering the pathomorphological cascade of events and resulting in multiple organ failure is a central element of COVID-19 pathogenesis. Experimental and clinical studies show the positive impact of tissue hypoxia correction using succinate in both adult patients and children with various conditions associated with acute respiratory failure.Conclusion. The literature data provide a rationale for using succinate-containing drugs in the treatment of severe COVID-19
ΠΠΈΠΏΠΎΠΊΡΠΈΡ ΠΊΠ°ΠΊ Π²Π΅Π΄ΡΡΠΈΠΉ ΠΏΠ°ΡΠΎΠ³Π΅Π½Π΅ΡΠΈΡΠ΅ΡΠΊΠΈΠΉ ΡΠ°ΠΊΡΠΎΡ ΠΏΠΎΡΡΡΠ΅Π°Π½ΠΈΠΌΠ°ΡΠΈΠΎΠ½Π½ΠΎΠΉ ΠΊΠ°ΡΠ΄ΠΈΠΎΠ΄Π΅ΠΏΡΠ΅ΡΡΠΈΠΈ
The paper estimates the hypoxic sensitivity of isolated isovolumetrically contracting hearts of non-inbred albino male rats experiencing 4-min clinical death from acute blood loss. In the early postresuscitative period, the inhibited contractility of the myocardium and its increased hypoxic sensitivity has been ascertained to be due to impaired bioenergetics and activated lipid peroxidation processes. A four-fold pO2 reduction in the Krebs-Henseleit solution causes a more rapid and more marked development of myocardial contractures and oxygenized solution-induced reperfusion brings about greater myocardial damages.Π ΡΠ°Π±ΠΎΡΠ΅ ΠΎΡΠ΅Π½ΠΈΠ²Π°Π΅ΡΡΡ ΡΡΠ²ΡΡΠ²ΠΈΡΠ΅Π»ΡΠ½ΠΎΡΡΡ ΠΊ Π³ΠΈΠΏΠΎΠΊΡΠΈΠΈ ΠΈΠ·ΠΎΠ»ΠΈΡΠΎΠ²Π°Π½Π½ΡΡ
ΠΈΠ·ΠΎΠ²ΠΎΠ»ΡΠΌΠΈΡΠ΅ΡΠΊΠΈ ΡΠΎΠΊΡΠ°ΡΠ°ΡΡΠΈΡ
ΡΡ ΡΠ΅ΡΠ΄Π΅Ρ Π±Π΅Π»ΡΡ
Π±Π΅ΡΠΏΠΎΡΠΎΠ΄Π½ΡΡ
ΠΊΡΡΡ-ΡΠ°ΠΌΡΠΎΠ², ΠΏΠ΅ΡΠ΅Π½Π΅ΡΡΠΈΡ
4-ΠΌΠΈΠ½ΡΡΠ½ΡΡ ΠΊΠ»ΠΈΠ½ΠΈΡΠ΅ΡΠΊΡΡ ΡΠΌΠ΅ΡΡΡ ΠΎΡ ΠΎΡΡΡΠΎΠΉ ΠΊΡΠΎΠ²ΠΎΠΏΠΎΡΠ΅ΡΠΈ. Π£ΡΡΠ°Π½ΠΎΠ²Π»Π΅Π½ΠΎ, ΡΡΠΎ ΡΠ³Π½Π΅ΡΠ΅Π½ΠΈΠ΅ ΡΠΎΠΊΡΠ°ΡΠΈΡΠ΅Π»ΡΠ½ΠΎΠΉ ΡΡΠ½ΠΊΡΠΈΠΈ ΠΌΠΈΠΎΠΊΠ°ΡΠ΄Π° ΠΈ Π΅Π³ΠΎ ΠΏΠΎΠ²ΡΡΠ΅Π½Π½Π°Ρ ΡΡΠ²ΡΡΠ²ΠΈΡΠ΅Π»ΡΠ½ΠΎΡΡΡ ΠΊ Π³ΠΈΠΏΠΎΠΊΡΠΈΠΈ Π² ΡΠ°Π½Π½Π΅ΠΌ ΠΏΠΎΡΡΡΠ΅Π°Π½ΠΈΠΌΠ°ΡΠΈΠΎΠ½Π½ΠΎΠΌ ΠΏΠ΅ΡΠΈΠΎΠ΄Π΅ ΠΎΠ±ΡΡΠ»ΠΎΠ²Π»Π΅Π½Π° Π½Π°ΡΡΡΠ΅Π½ΠΈΠ΅ΠΌ Π±ΠΈΠΎΡΠ½Π΅ΡΠ³Π΅ΡΠΈΠΊΠΈ ΠΈ Π°ΠΊΡΠΈΠ²Π°ΡΠΈΠ΅ΠΉ ΠΏΡΠΎΡΠ΅ΡΡΠΎΠ² Π»ΠΈΠΏΠΎΠΏΠ΅ΡΠΎΠΊΡΠΈΠ΄Π°ΡΠΈΠΈ. 4-ΠΊΡΠ°ΡΠ½ΠΎΠ΅ ΡΠ½ΠΈΠΆΠ΅Π½ΠΈΠ΅ ΡΠ2 Π² ΡΠ°ΡΡΠ²ΠΎΡΠ΅ ΠΡΠ΅Π±ΡΠ°-Π₯Π΅Π½Π·Π΅Π»Π°ΠΉΡΠ° Π²ΡΠ·ΡΠ²Π°Π΅Ρ Π±ΠΎΠ»Π΅Π΅ Π±ΡΡΡΡΠΎΠ΅ ΠΈ Π±ΠΎΠ»Π΅Π΅ Π²ΡΡΠ°ΠΆΠ΅Π½Π½ΠΎΠ΅ ΡΠ°Π·Π²ΠΈΡΠΈΠ΅ ΠΊΠΎΠ½ΡΡΠ°ΠΊΡΡΡ ΠΌΠΈΠΎΠΊΠ°ΡΠ΄Π°, Π° ΡΠ΅ΠΏΠ΅ΡΡΡΠ·ΠΈΡ ΠΎΠΊΡΠΈΠ³Π΅Π½ΠΈΡΠΎΠ²Π°Π½Π½ΡΠΌ ΡΠ°ΡΡΠ²ΠΎΡΠΎΠΌ Π²ΡΠ·ΡΠ²Π°Π΅Ρ Π΅ΡΠ΅ Π±ΠΎΠ»ΡΡΠΈΠ΅ ΠΏΠΎΠ²ΡΠ΅ΠΆΠ΄Π΅Π½ΠΈΡ ΡΠ΅ΡΠ΄Π΅ΡΠ½ΠΎΠΉ ΠΌΡΡΡΡ
ΠΠ ΠΠΠΠΠΠΠΠ ΠΠ£ΠΠ¬Π’ΠΠΠΠΠΠΠ¬ΠΠΠ ΠΠΠΠ‘Π’ΠΠΠΠ ΠΠ Π Π₯ΠΠ Π£Π ΠΠΠ§ΠΠ‘ΠΠΠ₯ ΠΠΠΠ¨ΠΠ’ΠΠΠ¬Π‘Π’ΠΠΠ₯ ΠΠ ΠΠΠΠΠΠ£ ΠΠΠΠΠΠ§ΠΠ‘Π’ΠΠΠΠΠ«Π₯ ΠΠΠΠΠΠΠ ΠΠΠΠΠΠΠΠ ΠΠΠΠΠΠ₯
Objective. To prove pathogenically the reasonability of multimodal anesthesia in patients with lung cancer toΒ improve the efficacy of pain management.Materials and methods. 74 patients (59 men and 15 women) aged 46 to 60 years with lung cancer were examined and treated. 42 patients (the main group) underwent surgery under multimodal anesthesia accompanied withΒ epidural blockade, and 32 patients (the comparison group) were subjected to a surgical intervention under inhalation and intravenous anesthesia with mechanical ventilation. The surgeries including atypical lung resection,Β lobectomy and pneumonectomy were performed. In preoperative, intraoperative and early postoperative periods,Β the systemic hemodynamics parameters were determined; adrenaline, noradrenaline, dopamine, cortisol, insulinΒ and glucose were measured in plasma, and acidbase balance parameters β in arterial blood. Pain intensity wasΒ assessed by the visual analog scale. Data processing was carried out using Microsoft ExΡel 2000, STATISTICA6.0Β and Biostat software. Normality of distribution was assessed by KolmogorovSmirnov test. Since the ordered sample did not follow the normal distribution law, the data are presented as a median (Me) and interquartile amplitude (25 and 75 percentiles).Results. It has been found that the most significant pathogenic factor in patients being operated due to lungΒ cancer under the standard anesthesia is the expressed activation of the sympathoadrenal system due to the impactΒ of surgical stress. This is manifested by disorders of the central hemodynamic parameters, such as metabolism,Β nociception and oxygen balance. In surgeries carried out under multimodal anesthesia, the minimal changes ofΒ basic homeostasis parameters are registered; these changes are shorttermed, compensated and reversible. PainΒ syndrome upon completion of surgery and in the early postoperative period is either absent or mild.Conclusion. It is more expedient to perform surgeries to remove malignant tumors in the lungs under the multimodal anesthesia, because these interventions are distinguished by high traumatic rate and having a Β«fine lineΒ» between compensation and decompensation of the basic vital functions in the perioperative period.Π¦Π΅Π»Ρ ΠΈΡΡΠ»Π΅Π΄ΠΎΠ²Π°Π½ΠΈΡ β ΠΏΠ°ΡΠΎΠ³Π΅Π½Π΅ΡΠΈΡΠ΅ΡΠΊΠΈ ΠΎΠ±ΠΎΡΠ½ΠΎΠ²Π°ΡΡ ΡΠ΅Π»Π΅ΡΠΎΠΎΠ±ΡΠ°Π·Π½ΠΎΡΡΡ ΠΈΡΠΏΠΎΠ»ΡΠ·ΠΎΠ²Π°Π½ΠΈΡ ΠΌΡΠ»ΡΡΠΈΠΌΠΎΠ΄Π°Π»ΡΠ½ΠΎΠΉΒ Π°Π½Π΅ΡΡΠ΅Π·ΠΈΠΈ Ρ Π±ΠΎΠ»ΡΠ½ΡΡ
ΡΠΎ Π·Π»ΠΎΠΊΠ°ΡΠ΅ΡΡΠ²Π΅Π½Π½ΡΠΌΠΈ Π½ΠΎΠ²ΠΎΠΎΠ±ΡΠ°Π·ΠΎΠ²Π°Π½ΠΈΡΠΌΠΈ Π»Π΅Π³ΠΊΠΈΡ
Π΄Π»Ρ ΠΏΠΎΠ²ΡΡΠ΅Π½ΠΈΡ ΡΡΡΠ΅ΠΊΡΠΈΠ²Π½ΠΎΡΡΠΈΒ ΠΎΠ±Π΅Π·Π±ΠΎΠ»ΠΈΠ²Π°Π½ΠΈΡ.ΠΠ°ΡΠ΅ΡΠΈΠ°Π»Ρ ΠΈ ΠΌΠ΅ΡΠΎΠ΄Ρ. ΠΠ±ΡΠ»Π΅Π΄ΠΎΠ²Π°Π½ΠΎ ΠΈ ΠΏΡΠΎΠ»Π΅ΡΠ΅Π½ΠΎ 74 ΠΏΠ°ΡΠΈΠ΅Π½ΡΠ° (59 ΠΌΡΠΆΡΠΈΠ½ ΠΈ 15 ΠΆΠ΅Π½ΡΠΈΠ½) Π² Π²ΠΎΠ·ΡΠ°ΡΡΠ΅ ΠΎΡΒ 46 Π΄ΠΎ 60 Π»Π΅Ρ ΡΠΎ Π·Π»ΠΎΠΊΠ°ΡΠ΅ΡΡΠ²Π΅Π½Π½ΡΠΌΠΈ Π½ΠΎΠ²ΠΎΠΎΠ±ΡΠ°Π·ΠΎΠ²Π°Π½ΠΈΡΠΌΠΈ Π»Π΅Π³ΠΊΠΈΡ
. 42 ΠΏΠ°ΡΠΈΠ΅Π½ΡΠ° (ΠΎΡΠ½ΠΎΠ²Π½Π°Ρ Π³ΡΡΠΏΠΏΠ°) Π±ΡΠ»ΠΈ ΠΎΠΏΠ΅ΡΠΈΡΠΎΠ²Π°Π½Ρ Π² ΡΡΠ»ΠΎΠ²ΠΈΡΡ
ΠΌΡΠ»ΡΡΠΈΠΌΠΎΠ΄Π°Π»ΡΠ½ΠΎΠΉ Π°Π½Π΅ΡΡΠ΅Π·ΠΈΠΈ Ρ ΡΠΏΠΈΠ΄ΡΡΠ°Π»ΡΠ½ΠΎΠΉ Π±Π»ΠΎΠΊΠ°Π΄ΠΎΠΉ, Π° 32 ΠΏΠ°ΡΠΈΠ΅Π½ΡΠ° (Π³ΡΡΠΏΠΏΠ° ΡΡΠ°Π²Π½Π΅Π½ΠΈΡ) β Π² ΡΡΠ»ΠΎΠ²ΠΈΡΡ
ΠΈΠ½Π³Π°Π»ΡΡΠΈΠΎΠ½Π½ΠΎΠ²Π½ΡΡΡΠΈΠ²Π΅Π½Π½ΠΎΠΉ Π°Π½Π΅ΡΡΠ΅Π·ΠΈΠΈ Ρ ΠΠΠ. ΠΡΠΏΠΎΠ»Π½Π΅Π½Ρ ΡΠ»Π΅Π΄ΡΡΡΠΈΠ΅ Π²ΠΈΠ΄Ρ ΠΎΠΏΠ΅ΡΠ°ΡΠΈΠ²Π½ΠΎΠ³ΠΎ Π»Π΅ΡΠ΅Π½ΠΈΡ: Π°ΡΠΈΠΏΠΈΡΠ½Π°Ρ ΡΠ΅Π·Π΅ΠΊΡΠΈΡ Π»Π΅Π³ΠΊΠΎΠ³ΠΎ, Π»ΠΎΠ±ΡΠΊΡΠΎΠΌΠΈΡ ΠΈ ΠΏΠ½Π΅Π²ΠΌΠΎΠ½ΡΠΊΡΠΎΠΌΠΈΡ. Π Π΄ΠΎΠΎΠΏΠ΅ΡΠ°ΡΠΈΠΎΠ½Π½ΠΎΠΌ,Β ΠΈΠ½ΡΡΠ°ΠΎΠΏΠ΅ΡΠ°ΡΠΈΠΎΠ½Π½ΠΎΠΌ ΠΈ ΡΠ°Π½Π½Π΅ΠΌ ΠΏΠΎΡΠ»Π΅ΠΎΠΏΠ΅ΡΠ°ΡΠΈΠΎΠ½Π½ΠΎΠΌ ΠΏΠ΅ΡΠΈΠΎΠ΄Π΅ ΠΈΡΡΠ»Π΅Π΄ΠΎΠ²Π°Π»ΠΈ ΠΏΠ°ΡΠ°ΠΌΠ΅ΡΡΡ ΡΠΈΡΡΠ΅ΠΌΠ½ΠΎΠΉ Π³Π΅ΠΌΠΎΠ΄ΠΈΠ½Π°ΠΌΠΈΠΊΠΈ, ΠΎΠΏΡΠ΅Π΄Π΅Π»ΡΠ»ΠΈ Π² ΠΏΠ»Π°Π·ΠΌΠ΅ ΠΊΡΠΎΠ²ΠΈ ΡΠΎΠ΄Π΅ΡΠΆΠ°Π½ΠΈΠ΅ Π°Π΄ΡΠ΅Π½Π°Π»ΠΈΠ½Π°, Π½ΠΎΡΠ°Π΄ΡΠ΅Π½Π°Π»ΠΈΠ½Π°, Π΄ΠΎΡΠ°ΠΌΠΈΠ½Π°, ΠΊΠΎΡΡΠΈΠ·ΠΎΠ»Π°, ΠΈΠ½ΡΡΠ»ΠΈΠ½Π° ΠΈ Π³Π»ΡΠΊΠΎΠ·Ρ, Π° Π² Π°ΡΡΠ΅ΡΠΈΠ°Π»ΡΠ½ΠΎΠΉ ΠΊΡΠΎΠ²ΠΈ β ΠΏΠ°ΡΠ°ΠΌΠ΅ΡΡΡ ΠΊΠΈΡΠ»ΠΎΡΠ½ΠΎΠΎΡΠ½ΠΎΠ²Π½ΠΎΠ³ΠΎ ΡΠΎΡΡΠΎΡΠ½ΠΈΡ. Π‘ ΠΏΠΎΠΌΠΎΡΡΡ Π²ΠΈΠ·ΡΠ°Π»ΡΠ½ΠΎΠ°Π½Π°Π»ΠΎΠ³ΠΎΠ²ΠΎΠΉ ΡΠΊΠ°Π»Ρ ΠΎΡΠ΅Π½ΠΈΠ²Π°Π»ΠΈ ΠΈΠ½ΡΠ΅Π½ΡΠΈΠ²Π½ΠΎΡΡΡ Π±ΠΎΠ»ΠΈ. Π‘ΡΠ°ΡΠΈΡΡΠΈΡΠ΅ΡΠΊΡΡ ΠΎΠ±ΡΠ°Π±ΠΎΡΠΊΡ ΡΠ΅Π·ΡΠ»ΡΡΠ°ΡΠΎΠ² ΠΏΡΠΎΠ²ΠΎΠ΄ΠΈΠ»ΠΈΒ Ρ ΠΈΡΠΏΠΎΠ»ΡΠ·ΠΎΠ²Π°Π½ΠΈΠ΅ΠΌ ΠΏΡΠΎΠ³ΡΠ°ΠΌΠΌ Microsoft ExΡel 2000, Statistica 6,0 ΠΈ Biostat. ΠΠΎΡΠΌΠ°Π»ΡΠ½ΠΎΡΡΡ ΡΠ°ΡΠΏΡΠ΅Π΄Π΅Π»Π΅Π½ΠΈΡΒ ΠΎΡΠ΅Π½ΠΈΠ²Π°Π»ΠΈ Ρ ΠΏΠΎΠΌΠΎΡΡΡ ΠΊΡΠΈΡΠ΅ΡΠΈΡ ΠΠΎΠ»ΠΌΠΎΠ³ΠΎΡΠΎΠ²Π°Π‘ΠΌΠΈΡΠ½ΠΎΠ²Π°. ΠΠΎΡΠΊΠΎΠ»ΡΠΊΡ Π²Π°ΡΠΈΠ°ΡΠΈΠΎΠ½Π½ΡΠΉ ΡΡΠ΄ Π½Π΅ ΠΏΠΎΠ΄ΡΠΈΠ½ΡΠ»ΡΡ Π·Π°ΠΊΠΎΠ½Ρ Π½ΠΎΡΠΌΠ°Π»ΡΠ½ΠΎΠ³ΠΎ ΡΠ°ΡΠΏΡΠ΅Π΄Π΅Π»Π΅Π½ΠΈΡ, Π΄Π°Π½Π½ΡΠ΅ ΠΏΡΠ΅Π΄ΡΡΠ°Π²Π»Π΅Π½Ρ Π² Π²ΠΈΠ΄Π΅ ΠΌΠ΅Π΄ΠΈΠ°Π½Ρ (ΠΠ΅) ΠΈ ΠΈΠ½ΡΠ΅ΡΠΊΠ²Π°ΡΡΠΈΠ»ΡΠ½ΠΎΠ³ΠΎ ΡΠ°Π·ΠΌΠ°Ρ
Π° (25 ΠΈ 75 ΠΏΠ΅ΡΡΠ΅Π½ΡΠΈΠ»ΠΈ).Π Π΅Π·ΡΠ»ΡΡΠ°ΡΡ. Π£ΡΡΠ°Π½ΠΎΠ²Π»Π΅Π½ΠΎ, ΡΡΠΎ Π²Π°ΠΆΠ½Π΅ΠΉΡΠΈΠΌ ΠΏΠ°ΡΠΎΠ³Π΅Π½Π΅ΡΠΈΡΠ΅ΡΠΊΠΈΠΌ ΡΠ°ΠΊΡΠΎΡΠΎΠΌ, Π²ΡΠ·ΡΠ²Π°ΡΡΠΈΠΌ Ρ ΠΏΠ°ΡΠΈΠ΅Π½ΡΠΎΠ², ΠΎΠΏΠ΅ΡΠΈΡΠΎΠ²Π°Π½Π½ΡΡ
ΠΏΠΎ ΠΏΠΎΠ²ΠΎΠ΄Ρ Π·Π»ΠΎΠΊΠ°ΡΠ΅ΡΡΠ²Π΅Π½Π½ΡΡ
Π½ΠΎΠ²ΠΎΠΎΠ±ΡΠ°Π·ΠΎΠ²Π°Π½ΠΈΠΉ Π»Π΅Π³ΠΊΠΈΡ
Π² ΡΡΠ»ΠΎΠ²ΠΈΡΡ
ΡΡΠ°Π½Π΄Π°ΡΡΠ½ΠΎΠ³ΠΎ ΠΎΠ±Π΅Π·Π±ΠΎΠ»ΠΈΠ²Π°Π½ΠΈΡ,Β ΡΠ²Π»ΡΠ΅ΡΡΡ Π²ΡΡΠ°ΠΆΠ΅Π½Π½Π°Ρ Π°ΠΊΡΠΈΠ²Π°ΡΠΈΡ ΡΠΈΠΌΠΏΠ°ΡΠΎΠ°Π΄ΡΠ΅Π½Π°Π»ΠΎΠ²ΠΎΠΉ ΡΠΈΡΡΠ΅ΠΌΡ Π²ΡΠ»Π΅Π΄ΡΡΠ²ΠΈΠ΅ Π²ΠΎΠ·Π΄Π΅ΠΉΡΡΠ²ΠΈΡ Ρ
ΠΈΡΡΡΠ³ΠΈΡΠ΅ΡΠΊΠΎΠ³ΠΎΒ ΡΡΡΠ΅ΡΡΠ°. ΠΡΠΎ ΠΏΡΠΎΡΠ²Π»ΡΠ΅ΡΡΡ Π½Π°ΡΡΡΠ΅Π½ΠΈΡΠΌΠΈ ΠΏΠ°ΡΠ°ΠΌΠ΅ΡΡΠΎΠ² ΡΠ΅Π½ΡΡΠ°Π»ΡΠ½ΠΎΠΉ Π³Π΅ΠΌΠΎΠ΄ΠΈΠ½Π°ΠΌΠΈΠΊΠΈ, ΠΌΠ΅ΡΠ°Π±ΠΎΠ»ΠΈΠ·ΠΌΠ°, Π½ΠΎΡΠΈΡΠ΅ΠΏΡΠΈΠΈΒ ΠΈ ΠΊΠΈΡΠ»ΠΎΡΠΎΠ΄Π½ΠΎΠ³ΠΎ Π±Π°Π»Π°Π½ΡΠ° ΠΎΡΠ³Π°Π½ΠΈΠ·ΠΌΠ°. ΠΡΠΈ ΠΎΠΏΠ΅ΡΠ°ΡΠΈΡΡ
, Π²ΡΠΏΠΎΠ»Π½Π΅Π½Π½ΡΡ
Π² ΡΡΠ»ΠΎΠ²ΠΈΡΡ
ΠΌΡΠ»ΡΡΠΈΠΌΠΎΠ΄Π°Π»ΡΠ½ΠΎΠΉ Π°Π½Π΅ΡΡΠ΅Π·ΠΈΠΈ,Β Π²ΡΡΠ²Π»ΡΡΡΡΡ ΠΌΠΈΠ½ΠΈΠΌΠ°Π»ΡΠ½ΡΠ΅ ΠΈΠ·ΠΌΠ΅Π½Π΅Π½ΠΈΡ ΠΎΡΠ½ΠΎΠ²Π½ΡΡ
ΠΏΠ°ΡΠ°ΠΌΠ΅ΡΡΠΎΠ² Π³ΠΎΠΌΠ΅ΠΎΡΡΠ°Π·Π°, ΠΈΠΌΠ΅ΡΡΠΈΠ΅ ΠΊΡΠ°ΡΠΊΠΎΡΡΠΎΡΠ½ΡΠΉ, ΠΊΠΎΠΌΠΏΠ΅Π½ΡΠΈΡΠΎΠ²Π°Π½Π½ΡΠΉ ΠΈ ΠΎΠ±ΡΠ°ΡΠΈΠΌΡΠΉ Ρ
Π°ΡΠ°ΠΊΡΠ΅Ρ. ΠΠΎΠ»Π΅Π²ΠΎΠΉ ΡΠΈΠ½Π΄ΡΠΎΠΌ ΠΏΠΎ ΠΎΠΊΠΎΠ½ΡΠ°Π½ΠΈΠΈ ΠΎΠΏΠ΅ΡΠ°ΡΠΈΠΈ ΠΈ Π² ΡΠ°Π½Π½Π΅ΠΌ ΠΏΠΎΡΠ»Π΅ΠΎΠΏΠ΅ΡΠ°ΡΠΈΠΎΠ½Π½ΠΎΠΌ ΠΏΠ΅ΡΠΈΠΎΠ΄Π΅ Π»ΠΈΠ±ΠΎ ΠΎΡΡΡΡΡΡΠ²ΡΠ΅Ρ, Π»ΠΈΠ±ΠΎ Ρ
Π°ΡΠ°ΠΊΡΠ΅ΡΠΈΠ·ΡΠ΅ΡΡΡ ΠΊΠ°ΠΊ ΡΠ»Π°Π±ΠΎΠ²ΡΡΠ°ΠΆΠ΅Π½Π½ΡΠΉ.ΠΠ°ΠΊΠ»ΡΡΠ΅Π½ΠΈΠ΅. ΠΠΏΠ΅ΡΠ°ΡΠΈΠΈ ΠΏΠΎ ΡΠ΄Π°Π»Π΅Π½ΠΈΡ Π·Π»ΠΎΠΊΠ°ΡΠ΅ΡΡΠ²Π΅Π½Π½ΡΡ
Π½ΠΎΠ²ΠΎΠΎΠ±ΡΠ°Π·ΠΎΠ²Π°Π½ΠΈΠΉ Π»Π΅Π³ΠΊΠΈΡ
, ΠΎΡΠ»ΠΈΡΠ°ΡΡΠΈΠ΅ΡΡ Π²ΡΡΠΎΠΊΠΎΠΉ ΡΡΠ°Π²ΠΌΠ°ΡΠΈΡΠ½ΠΎΡΡΡΡ ΠΈ ΠΈΠΌΠ΅ΡΡΠΈΠ΅ Β«ΡΠΎΠ½ΠΊΡΡ Π³ΡΠ°Π½ΡΒ» ΠΌΠ΅ΠΆΠ΄Ρ ΠΊΠΎΠΌΠΏΠ΅Π½ΡΠ°ΡΠΈΠ΅ΠΉ ΠΈ Π΄Π΅ΠΊΠΎΠΌΠΏΠ΅Π½ΡΠ°ΡΠΈΠ΅ΠΉ ΠΎΡΠ½ΠΎΠ²Π½ΡΡ
Π²ΠΈΡΠ°Π»ΡΠ½ΡΡ
ΡΡΠ½ΠΊΡΠΈΠΉ Π² ΠΏΠ΅ΡΠΈΠΎΠΏΠ΅ΡΠ°ΡΠΈΠΎΠ½Π½ΠΎΠΌ ΠΏΠ΅ΡΠΈΠΎΠ΄Π΅, ΡΠ΅Π»Π΅ΡΠΎΠΎΠ±ΡΠ°Π·Π½Π΅Π΅ ΠΏΡΠΎΠ²ΠΎΠ΄ΠΈΡΡ Π² ΡΡΠ»ΠΎΠ²ΠΈΡΡ
ΠΌΡΠ»ΡΡΠΈΠΌΠΎΠ΄Π°Π»ΡΠ½ΠΎΠΉΒ Π°Π½Π΅ΡΡΠ΅Π·ΠΈΠΈ