Assessment of adaptability and potential productivity of spring soft wheat in the conditions of the Ryazan region

The article gives a comprehensive assessment of 5 varieties (Lada, Agata, RIMA, Arcea, Maestro) and 5 breeding lines of spring soft wheat according to the yield and adaptive properties. The studies were carried out in 2018-2022 in the conditions of the Ryazan region on dark gray forest soil. The potential for productivity and adaptability was determined according to the method of L. A. Zhivotkov et al., the degree of yield variation (СV, %) – according to B. A. Dospekhov,  the yield range (d, %) – according to V. A. Zykin, index of stability (L') – according to A. A. Gryaznov, the indicator of the level of stability of the yield of a variety (PUSS) – according to E. D. Nettevich et al., ecological plasticity (bi), stability of yield (σ2d) and index of environment conditions (Ij) – according to S. A. Eberhart and W. A. Russell. It has been established that on average for 2018-2022 the highest yield potential was noted in the varieties Arcea (5.19 t/ha), Maestro (5.69 t/ha) and line  268 (5.33 t/ha). It was revealed that the productivity of the Maestro variety and line 268 was higher than the average varietal both under favorable conditions of 2022 (Ij = +6.2) – by 16.3 and 9.7 %, and under unfavorable dry conditions of 2019  (Ij = -5.4) – by 22.0 and 24.5 %, respectively. The productivity of the Arcea variety under conditions of severe drought was 99.1 % of the average varietal, which indicates good adaptive properties. As the result of the assessment by the linear regression coefficient (bi), it has been established that the varieties RIMA, Agata, Lada, Arcea actively respond to the improvement of external environmental factors (bi = 1.23; 1.35; 1.43; 1.52, respectively). According to the results of a comprehensive assessment of adaptive properties, the Maestro variety and line 898 were distinguished, which were characterized by a relatively stable yield (СV – 9.3 and 5.2%; σ2d  – 7.71 and 9.09; L' – 6.12 and 9.44; PUSS – 209.6 and 176.5 %, respectively) and high adaptability to environmental conditions (CA – 1.17 and 1.01, respectively)

Original Russian Text ©

905 This Letter is devoted to the optical anisotropy arising in a moving medium, where the velocity of light propagation depends on the velocity and direction of motion of the medium. In a rotating medium, the light trajectory is curved The transverse entrainment can be observed for radiation propagating in a rotating optical disk (OD). In 1977, Bilger and Stowell [2] performed an experiment with light propagating in a rotating OD arranged in a laser ring interferometer. The results were interpreted in terms of the Fizeau effect. However, since the rotating disk features a tangential discontinuity of the light propagation velocity on the flat surface, the phase shift in circulating electromagnetic waves was related to both longitudinal and transverse entrainment of the wave. This is confirmed by calculations based on a solution to the dispersion equation, which show that an additional shift of the interference pattern in such experiments can amount to about 20% of the value due to the longitudinal Fizeau effect Below, we consider the results of interferometric experiments in which the optical anisotropy of light propagating in a rotating transparent medium has been studied as a function of the rotation speed. Here, by the optical anisotropy we imply the dependence of the velocity of light on the velocity and direction of motion of the medium where it propagates. The entrainment of light in a moving medium was studied using an interferometer, in which the light was introduced via a flat surface of a rotating OD In the proposed scheme, the beam of laser L is divided by beam splitter BS into two beams. These beams are directed by mirrors M 1 and M 2 so as to pass via the OD in opposite directions. As a result of the OD rotation, one beam acquires a positive, and the other beam, a negative phase shift. Then, the two beams are mixed in the BS, and the mixed beam directed by mirror M 3 passes through optical system OS and strikes photodetector PD. Reversal of the direction of OD rotation leads to a change in the direction of the shift of interference fringes observed in the aperture plane of the PD. The optical path length in the OD was increased due to the multiple reflection of beams from mirror flat surfaces (the front flat surface was mirror coated in the central part, and the rear surface was entirely mirror coated). To the first approximation, the proposed scheme is equivalent to a one-pass Fizeau interferometer. Let us Abstract -We consider the first results of measurements of the effect of a velocity vector field in a rotating transparent medium on the light propagation velocity c in this medium. Laser radiation with a wavelength of λ = 0.632991 µ m passed through a rotating optical disk with n = 1.7125 in an interferometer, where the beam path length projected on the flat disk surface was l = 30.4 mm, the disk thickness was d = 20 mm, and the angle of light incidence on the flat disk surface was ϑ 0 = 50.7 ° . The disk rotation speed was varied up to 380 Hz, which corresponded to a projection of V 2 n = 36 m/s of the medium velocity onto the wave vector of the electromagnetic wave. The experimental data confirmed to the first approximation the classical linear dependence of the shift of interference fringes on the velocity of a rotating medium

Применение метода корреляции цифровых изображений для построения диаграмм деформирования в истинных координатах

This article describes the features of determining strain curves in true stress–true strain coordinates, using samples of circular cross section from Al–Cu–Mg–Zn aluminum alloy. The calculation and experimental methods of determining true stresses and strains were compared Calculation methods based on the condition of volume constancy may not reflect actual regularities of deformation at the stage of strain localization in the considered material. Nevertheless, the use of systems of digital image correlation (DIC) allows measurements of both the geometrical sizes of deformed sample and strain fields on its surface to be performed, including on the sample neck. It was demonstrated that the measurement error of the sample diameter by the coordinate field was 0.02 mm at the instance of destruction. In order to improve the measurement precision, an increase in the recording frequency in proportion to increase in strain rate was proposed, as well as measuring the surface coordinates from both sides of the sample. It is also possible to supplement the strain curves obtained by DIC optical systems with the measurements of true fracture stress, and the true fracture strain determined by calculations on the destructed sample. The presented methods of analysis of plastic flow by direct measurement of field displacements and strains allow actual regularities between true stresses and strains at the interval of irregular plastic strain to be established. This cannot be achieved by analytical conversion of conventional curve. The obtained hardening coefficients and strain curves can be used for simulation and design of machinery structures and parts.Приведены особенности определения диаграмм деформирования в координатах «истинное напряжение – истинная деформация» на образцах круглого сечения из алюминиевого сплава системы Al–Cu–Mg–Zn. Выполнено сравнение расчетных и экспериментальных методов определения истинных напряжений и деформаций. Расчетные методы, основанные на применении условия постоянства объема, могут не отражать действительных закономерностей деформирования на этапе локализации деформации в материале исследуемого образца, в то время как использование систем корреляции цифровых изображений (КЦИ) позволяет проводить измерения как геометрических размеров деформируемого образца, так и полей деформаций на его поверхности, в том числе непосредственно в шейке образца. Показано, что ошибка измерения диаметра образца по полю координат в момент разрушения составила 0,02 мм. С целью повышения точности измерения предложено увеличение частоты съемки пропорционально возрастанию скорости деформирования, а также проведение измерения координат поверхности с двух сторон образца. Также возможно дополнять полученные с помощью оптических систем КЦИ кривые деформирования результатами измерения истинного разрушающего напряжения и истинной разрушающей деформацией, определенными расчетным способом по разрушенному образцу. Представленные способы исследования пластического течения материала непосредственным измерением полей перемещений и деформаций позволяют устанавливать действительные закономерности между истинными напряжениями и деформациями на участке неравномерного пластического деформирования, чего достичь аналитическим пересчетом условной диаграммы невозможно. Полученные коэффициенты упрочения и кривые деформирования могут быть использованы при моделировании и проектировании конструкций и деталей машин

Альтернативное производство биотоплив из побочных продуктов нефтяных пятен

В статті розглянуто аналітичний метод визначення екологічно ефективного способу очистки нафтових плям та запропоновано новий метод отримання альтернативного біопалива з супутніх продуктів нафтових плям.Analytical approach in identifying of ecologically effective methods for oil spills purification were investigated and new effective method of alternative biofuel production from the bye products of oil spillage were proposed.В статье рассмотрен аналитический метод определения экологически эффективного способа очищения нефтяных пятен и предложен новый метод получения альтернативного биотоплива из побочных продуктов нефтяных пятен

ВЛИЯНИЕ ИНТРАОПЕРАЦИОННОЙ НОРМОВОЛЕМИЧЕСКОЙ ГЕМОДИЛЮЦИИ НА ГЕМОСТАЗ, КРОВОПОТЕРЮ И ПОКАЗАНИЯ К ТРАНСФУЗИИ ДОНОРСКИХ ЭРИТРОЦИТОВ ПРИ ОПЕРАЦИЯХ НА СЕРДЦЕ В УСЛОВИЯХ ИСКУССТВЕННОГО КРОВООБРАЩЕНИЯ

Intra-operative acute normovolemic hemodilution or autologous blood transfusion, is one of the factors of the patient's blood conservation and reduction of the donor blood use.The objective: to assess the value of acute normovolemic hemodilution for the normalization of intra-operative homeostasis, reduction of blood loss and transfusion of donor erythrocytes during cardiac surgery with cardiopulmonary bypass.Methods. 270 patients undergoing surgery on heart valves and coronary vessels at the age from 18 to 79 patients were examined. 600−1,200 ml of autoblood were collected before cardiopulmonary bypass against the background of the patient's heparinization and installation of aortic cannula. The following parameters were studied: the frequency of normovolemic hemodilution use, volume of autohemoexfusion of blood, hemostasis rates in the early post-perfusion period, the volume of intra- and post-operative blood loss, frequency and volume of hemotransfusion.Results. Intra-operative autologous blood transfusion from right atrial appendage against full heparinization of the patient in the volume of 600–1,200 ml before cardiopulmonary bypass allowed reducing intra-operative blood loss by 1.3 times, the volume of transfused erythrocytes by 1.3–1.7 times and the frequency of the demand for it by 4–6 times in the patients having surgery with myocardial revascularization and cardiac defect management. The analysis of coagulation parameters in the post-perfusion period after modified acute normovolemic hemodilution proved the reduction of hemostasis dysfunction mostly due to the platelet factor.Conclusion. Intra-operative acute normovolemic hemodilution is an effective and safe way to reduce intra-operative blood loss, use of donor blood and restoration of hemostasis in the patients undergoing cardiac surgery with cardiopulmonary bypass.Интраоперационная острая нормоволемическая гемодилюция (ОНГ), или аутогемотрансфузия, является одним из факторов сохранения крови больного и снижения частоты использования донорской крови.Цель: оценить значение острой нормоволемической гемодилюции в нормализации интраоперационного гемостаза, уменьшении кровопотери и трансфузии донорской эритромассы при кардиохирургических вмешательствах в условиях искусственного кровообращения (ИК).Методика. Обследовано 270 кардиохирургических больных в возрасте 18−79 лет, оперированных на клапанах сердца и коронарных сосудах. Забор аутокрови в количестве 600−1 200 мл осуществляли перед ИК на фоне гепаринизации больного и постановки аортальной канюли. Изучали частоту использования нормоволемической гемодилюции, объем аутогемоэксфузии крови, показатели гемостаза в раннем постперфузионном периоде, величину интра- и послеоперационной кровопотери, частоту и объем гемотрансфузии.Результаты. Интраоперационная аутогемотрансфузия из ушка правого предсердия на фоне полной гепаринизации больного в количестве 600−1 200 мл перед ИК позволила уменьшить интраоперационную кровопотерю в 1,3 раза, объем перелитой эритроцитарной массы в 1,3−1,7 раза и частоту потребности в ней в 4−6 раз у больных при операции реваскуляризации миокарда и коррекции пороков сердца. Анализ параметров коагуляции в постперфузионном периоде после модифицированной острой нормоволемической гемодилюции показал уменьшение дисфункции гемостаза преимущественно за счет тромбоцитарного фактора.Заключение. Интраоперационная острая нормоволемическая гемодилюция является эффективным и безопасным методом уменьшения интраоперационной кровопотери, использования донорской крови и восстановления гемостаза у кардиохирургических больных, оперированных с ИК

Winter component in spring soft wheat breeding in the Central region

In the conditions of the Ryazan region the Institute of Seed-growing and Agrotechnologies (Branch of the Federal Budgetary Scientific Institution “Federal Research Agro-Engineering Center VIM”) carried out a comprehensive estimation of winter, spring wheat and breeding material obtained on the basis of crossing with the winter component in 2011-2017. Over the years of research, the winter wheat varieties “Lgovskaya 4” (6.90 t/ha), “Viola” (6.82 t/ha), “Nemchinovskaya 24” (6.68 t/ha) and the spring wheat varieties “Dariya” (3.93 t/ha), “Krestiaynka” (3.84 t/ha), “Kollektivnaya 1” (3.60 t/ha) produced high yields. The winter wheat varieties “Volz-hskaya 15”, “Nemchinovskaya 24”, “Mironovskaya 29”, “Mironovskaya semi-intensive” were found to have the largest kernel weight per head (1.93-2.10 g). The best winter forms used in the hybridization of spring wheat allowed us to create a number of promising lines with high productivity potential and a complex of valuable traits. Over three years (2015-2017), in the control breeding nursery there were identified 4 spring wheat lines with high productivity, where the winter form was taken as one of the parental forms for hybridization. The highest average value of this indicator (5.91 and 5.15 t/ha) was established in the lines “(Priokskaya x Moskovskaya 39 (oz.))F10”, “(Moskovskaya 39 (oz.) x Fora)F10” respectively. The line “(Priokskaya x Moskovskaya 39 (oz.))F10” produced the maximum yield of 6.89 t/ha, the line “(Voronezhskaya 10 х Moskovskaya 39 (оз.))П0” produced the minimum yield of 4.18 t/ha. The lines “(Priokskaya x Moskovskaya 39 (oz.))F10” and “(Kollektivnaya 1 х Nemchinovskaya 24 (оз.))П0” possess good grain weight of 757 and 793 g/l respectively, high technological properties of grain, namely 32.8 and 27.0% of raw gluten in flour, the 1-st group IDK, 340 and 278 a. u. of flour power, falling number of 296 and 377 c, bread volume of 1113 and 1330 cm3

Translated from Pis'ma v

The propagation of an electromagnetic radiation in a rotating medium is determined by superposition of the primary wave and the secondary waves appearing as a result of the interaction of the electromagnetic radiation with atoms of the moving medium. By solving a dispersion equation, it is possible to determine the radiation wavevector in any local region of the trajectory with an allowance for a spatial distribution of the medium velocity Propagating in a rotating medium, the electromagnetic wave is simultaneously affected by both normal and tangential components of the motion. Therefore, experimental observation of the spatial effect of the light wave entrainment is verification of the total solution of the dispersion equation. Below we present the results of a series of experiments on the measurement of a shift of the light interference pattern in the scheme of a double-beam twopass disk interferometer The light source was an LGN-302 laser operating at λ = 0.63299 µ m and producing the beam with a power of P 0 ≈ 0.84 W for both horizontal and vertical polarization components. The rotating medium was a disk with a diameter of 120 mm and a thickness of 30 mm made of an LK5 grade glass ( n = 1.4766 for λ = 0.63299 µ m). In order to increase the optical pathlength by multiple reflections, the disk edge surfaces were mirror coated so as to provide for the reflection coefficient R = 0.9

Translated from Pis'ma v

The propagation of an electromagnetic radiation in a rotating medium is determined by superposition of the primary wave and the secondary waves appearing as a result of the interaction of the electromagnetic radiation with atoms of the moving medium. By solving a dispersion equation, it is possible to determine the radiation wavevector in any local region of the trajectory with an allowance for a spatial distribution of the medium velocity Propagating in a rotating medium, the electromagnetic wave is simultaneously affected by both normal and tangential components of the motion. Therefore, experimental observation of the spatial effect of the light wave entrainment is verification of the total solution of the dispersion equation. Below we present the results of a series of experiments on the measurement of a shift of the light interference pattern in the scheme of a double-beam twopass disk interferometer The light source was an LGN-302 laser operating at λ = 0.63299 µ m and producing the beam with a power of P 0 ≈ 0.84 W for both horizontal and vertical polarization components. The rotating medium was a disk with a diameter of 120 mm and a thickness of 30 mm made of an LK5 grade glass ( n = 1.4766 for λ = 0.63299 µ m). In order to increase the optical pathlength by multiple reflections, the disk edge surfaces were mirror coated so as to provide for the reflection coefficient R = 0.9

<i>In vitro</i> Study of Biological Properties of SARS-CoV-2 Coronavirus Strains Related to Various Genetic Variants

The aim of the research was to study reproduction features of SARS-CoV-2 coronavirus strains of various genetic lines on Vero and Vero E6 cell culture.Materials and methods. The SARS-CoV-2 virus strains related to the variants of concern (VOC) circulating in the territory of the Russian Federation were used in the research. The strains of the SARS-CoV-2 virus were deposited in the State Collection of Pathogens of Viral Infections and Rickettsioses at the FBIS SSC VB “Vector” of the Rospotrebnadzor. The experiments were carried out on Vero and Vero E6 cell cultures. The dynamics of infectious virus accumulation was determined by titration of culture fluid samples 24, 48, 72, 96 hours after infection (MOI – from 1 to 0,00001 CPE50/cell). Plaque formation was studied on Vero E6 cell culture under 0.2 % agar coating. Image analysis and plaque size calculation were performed using GIMP (GNU Image Manipulation Program).Results and discussion. The study describes the dynamics of accumulation of infectious virus in the culture fluid depending upon multiplicity of infection for the strains of SARS-CoV-2 virus belonging to different genetic lines. Differences in the morphology of plaques on the monolayer of Vero E6 cell culture under agar coating are shown. SARS-CoV-2 virus strains related to Alfa and Delta VOC demonstrate maximum reproduction rate among the studied strains (infectious titer is higher than 7 lg TCID50/100µl). Omicron VOC forms small plaques under agar coating and at a low multiplicity of infection has a low reproduction rate. Thus, SARS-CoV-2 virus strains belonging to different genetic lines have significant differences in the rate of reproduction on Vero and Vero E6 cell culture

MPACT OF PERI-OPERATIVE NORMOVOLEMIC HEMODILUTION ON HEMOSTASIS, BLOOD LOSS AND INDICATIONS TO TRANSFUSION OF DONOR ERYTHROCYTES DURING CARDIAC SURGERY WITH CARDIOPULMONARY BYPASS

Intra-operative acute normovolemic hemodilution or autologous blood transfusion, is one of the factors of the patient's blood conservation and reduction of the donor blood use.The objective: to assess the value of acute normovolemic hemodilution for the normalization of intra-operative homeostasis, reduction of blood loss and transfusion of donor erythrocytes during cardiac surgery with cardiopulmonary bypass.Methods. 270 patients undergoing surgery on heart valves and coronary vessels at the age from 18 to 79 patients were examined. 600−1,200 ml of autoblood were collected before cardiopulmonary bypass against the background of the patient's heparinization and installation of aortic cannula. The following parameters were studied: the frequency of normovolemic hemodilution use, volume of autohemoexfusion of blood, hemostasis rates in the early post-perfusion period, the volume of intra- and post-operative blood loss, frequency and volume of hemotransfusion.Results. Intra-operative autologous blood transfusion from right atrial appendage against full heparinization of the patient in the volume of 600–1,200 ml before cardiopulmonary bypass allowed reducing intra-operative blood loss by 1.3 times, the volume of transfused erythrocytes by 1.3–1.7 times and the frequency of the demand for it by 4–6 times in the patients having surgery with myocardial revascularization and cardiac defect management. The analysis of coagulation parameters in the post-perfusion period after modified acute normovolemic hemodilution proved the reduction of hemostasis dysfunction mostly due to the platelet factor.Conclusion. Intra-operative acute normovolemic hemodilution is an effective and safe way to reduce intra-operative blood loss, use of donor blood and restoration of hemostasis in the patients undergoing cardiac surgery with cardiopulmonary bypass