Educational Background as a Factor of National Welfare Boosting

The article presents the identifying the relationship between the level of education and the level of income in the national economy. As the title implies the article describes the education as a factor of accelerating economic growth: the concept of human capital. Data are given about the educational factor in the economy of developed countries. The article gives the analysis of educational markets in Russia and its impact on the welfare of the population. It is dealt with the state system of higher education in Russia. The main problems of higher education were identified. Recommendations are given for solving the main problems of the higher education system. This article presents such data as indexes of the educational level of the world countries (20 countries), a ranking of countries and territories according to the size of GNI per capita, the relationship between the level of education and the level of income across regions, the relationship between the level of education and socio-economic development of the region (correlation of indicators of socio-economic development of the region and the proportion of people who have vocational education)

ASSESSMENT OF THE STEROID THERAPY EFFECTIVENESS IN COMPLEX TREATMENT OF ACUTE PURULENT RHINOSINUSITIS IN CHILDREN

Material and methods. The control group consisted of 166 children with acute purulent rhinosinusitis who underwent standard treatment: antibiotic therapy, on the strict condition - endonasal drainage of the maxillary sinuses, the treatment method around Proets, physiotherapy of the nose, vasoconstrictor nose drops. The main group consisted of 132 children with acute purulent rhinosinusitis, who, in addition to standard treatment, were prescribed topical corticosteroid - mometasone furoate. Results. The concentration of lactoferrin (in the main group) was normalized due to the action of the nasonex spray, which proves a high anti-inflammatory effect of the combined treatment. There was a statistically significant difference in the groups after 7 days and 1 month after treatment (t = 1.96; p = 0.05). Based on the data of Mac-Nimar criterion (X2 = 11.204, with the probability of error p = 0.002) in the control group compared to the primary (x2=9.202, with the probability of error p < 0.0001), treatment was less effective. Conclusion. The use of inhalative topical glucocorticosteroid in treatment of children with acute purulent rhinosinusitis allows to achieve a positive clinical effect and the concentration of lactoferrin can serve as an important criterion of the effectiveness of treatment

Assessment of Students’ Well-Being Condition in Higher Educational Institutions

The article presents the parameters of the welfare of students during their education in a higher school. It is dealt with features of higher education in Russia. Data are given about the surveys regarding students vision of their future well-being. It is formulated the problem of economic security of the University during the work with students. The article deals with conditions for securing economic well-being of the student. We believe that the state of well-being of the student is one of the basic conditions for excellence. Upon reaching the state of personal well-being of the student more conscious approach to the development of the educational process, respectively increase the percentage of mastering the curriculum. Correspondingly, according to the results of such training the student is the most competitive in the labor market. We highlight several factors that determine the state of well-being of the person that may affect the student's study: financial, social, physiological, psychological, emotional

Model for Predicting Risk of Postpartum Purulent-Inflammatory Complications after Cesarean Section: Cohort Retrospective Study

Background. Relevance of the study is related to the lack of a unified strategy for determining the risk of infectious complications of puerperium. Currently, the specialists use the collected data from studies documenting the main factors of infection in a population or cohorts of postpartum women. However, accuracy of these factors is not established and prognosis could not be personalized. The paper analyzes significant risk factors for the infectious complications associated with cesarean section (C-Section) and develops a model for their prognosis and an individual assessment of the risk of postpartum infection in order to take timely preventive measures. Objective. To identify predictors of postpartum purulent-inflammatory complications after cesarean section, to evaluate their predictive value, and to develop a statistical model for determining the risk of their occurrence.Methods. The cohort retrospective study (January 2019 to January 2022) was conducted in four obstetric health facilities of Krasnodar and was focused on analysis of medical records. Anamnestic, clinical and laboratory data of all women after cesarean section delivery were collected. Model: a patient diagnosed with any infection associated with cesarean section within 42 days after delivery — postoperative suture infection, endometritis, peritonitis, thrombophlebitis, sepsis. Infections were grouped to carry out a single risk assessment with an internal validation test and to develop a multifactor logistic regression model. All analyses were conducted using version R 3.2.3 (SPSS Inc., Chicago, IL) and Transparent Reporting of a multivariable prediction model for Individual Prognosis Or Diagnosis (TRIPOD).Results. Infection associated with cesarean section occurred in 2.50% of women (n = 548; 95% CI 2.6–3.5), suture disruption — in 0.59% (n = 129; 95%, CI 0.41–0.81), endometritis — 1.46% (n = 321; 95%, CI 1.15–1.94), peritonitis — 0.16% (n = 35; 95%, CI 0.11–0.20), thrombophlebitis 0.04% (n = 9; 95%, CI 0.01–0.05), sepsis 0.25% (n = 54; 95%, CI 0.15–0.35). The authors have identified 14 major variables with a high prognostic risk for the development of infectious complications of puerperium. The model differentiated women with and without purulent inflammatory complications of puerperium by internal validation (concordance index = 0.712, 95%, CI 0.672–0.755).Conclusion. The developed model can be used to accurately predict the risk of infectious complications after abdominal delivery and to identify high-risk patients. It ensures a differentiated approach with a possibility to expand studies and strengthen antibiotic therapy, which promotes reduction of surgical site puerperal infection

Chronic endometritis and infertility — in vitro fertilization outcomes: systematic review and meta-analysis

Background. The relevance of the problem is related to the high prevalence of chronic endometritis (CE); its role in female infertility, implantation failures during assisted reproductive technology procedures, and recurrent miscarriage; as well as the lack of a unified strategy in the diagnosis and treatment of this pathology. The present systematic review with a meta-analysis focuses on evaluating the impact of CE and its therapy on the outcome of in vitro fertilization. In addition, the effect of CE of various severity on the outcomes of assisted reproductive technologies is analyzed. Objective. To analyze the effect of CE of varying severity and its treatment on the outcomes of in vitro fertilization. Methods. Using PubMed, Medline, Scopus, Embase, ELibrary, Cochrane Central Register of Controlled Trials (CENTRAL), WHO International Clinical Trials Registry, and Russian Science Citation Index, a systematic search was conducted for articles published over the past 12 years that met the following criteria: randomized controlled trial examining the effect of CE of varying severity on fertility and ways to treat it. The following indicators were calculated: ongoing pregnancy/live birth, clinical pregnancy, and miscarriage rates. A total of 4145 patients (from ten studies) were included. A meta-analysis was performed using Stata 11.0 software (The Cochrane Collaboration, Oxford, UK). The heterogeneity was considered low at I2 &lt;30%, moderate at 30–50%, and high at &gt;50%. Results. Women with CE exhibited lower ongoing pregnancy/live birth (OR 1.97; p = 0.02) and clinical pregnancy rates (OR 2.28; p = 0.002) as compared to women without it. CE treatment increased the ongoing pregnancy/live birth (OR 5.33; p &lt; 0.0001) and clinical pregnancy rates (OR 3.64; p = 0.0001). In vitro fertilization outcomes were comparable in women treated for CE and women without CE (ongoing pregnancy/live birth rate, clinical pregnancy rate, and miscarriage rate: p = ns). Women with severe CE exhibited lower ongoing pregnancy/live birth (OR 0.43; p = 0.003) and clinical pregnancy rates (OR 0.40; p = 0.0007). Mild CE showed no significant effect on in vitro fertilization outcomes (ongoing pregnancy/ live birth rate, clinical pregnancy rate, and miscarriage rate: p = ns). Conclusion. The conducted meta-analysis showed that CE significantly reduces the ongoing pregnancy/live birth and clinical pregnancy rates in infertile women undergoing in vitro fertilization. Noteworthy is that antimicrobial therapy in such patients improves the results of assisted reproductive technologies, which are comparable to those of patients without CE. The negative impact of this pathology on the implantation capacity of the endometrium is most often observed in the severe form, while its mild form has virtually no effect on the in vitro fertilization outcome

Dynamics of indicators of quality of life during surgical treatment of metastatic lesions

The article presents the dynamics of indicators of quality of life associated with the health of metastases of the spinal column in the postoperative period.В статье представлена динамика показателей качества жизни, связанных со здоровьем, у пациентов с метастазами позвоночного столба в послеоперационном периоде

From gut dysbiosis to altered brain function and mental illness: mechanisms and pathways

The human body hosts an enormous abundance and diversity of microbes, which perform a range of essential and beneficial functions. Our appreciation of the importance of these microbial communities to many aspects of human physiology has grown dramatically in recent years. We know, for example, that animals raised in a germ-free environment exhibit substantially altered immune and metabolic function, while the disruption of commensal microbiota in humans is associated with the development of a growing number of diseases. Evidence is now emerging that, through interactions with the gut-brain axis, the bidirectional communication system between the central nervous system and the gastrointestinal tract, the gut microbiome can also influence neural development, cognition and behaviour, with recent evidence that changes in behaviour alter gut microbiota composition, while modifications of the microbiome can induce depressive-like behaviours. Although an association between enteropathy and certain psychiatric conditions has long been recognized, it now appears that gut microbes represent direct mediators of psychopathology. Here, we examine roles of gut microbiome in shaping brain development and neurological function, and the mechanisms by which it can contribute to mental illness. Further, we discuss how the insight provided by this new and exciting field of research can inform care and provide a basis for the design of novel, microbiota-targeted, therapies.GB Rogers, DJ Keating, RL Young, M-L Wong, J Licinio, and S Wesseling

Vaccination against human papillomavirus after adjuvant therapy of cervical intraepithelial neoplasia

Background. The relevance of the problem is supported by the lack of effective secondary prevention measures against human papillomavirus (HPV)-associated cervical intraepithelial neoplasia (CIN) and cervical cancer. The only currently verified treatment for lower genital neoplasia is destructive therapy, with the recurrence rate of viral infection remaining quite high even after such interventions. The preventive role of HPV vaccine at pre-existing cervical lesions is actively debated worldwide, but the evidence remains scattered and contradictory. The present study surveys the scientific publications available that evaluate the efficacy of human papillomavirus vaccination as a secondary prevention measure against related cervical pathology.Objectives. An evidence survey on the efficacy of adjuvant vaccination against human papillomavirus in patients undergoing destructive therapy for cervical intraepithelial neoplasia.Methods. We have conducted a 10 year-depth review of scientific literature on the adjuvant human papillomavirus (HPV) vaccination efficacy for reducing the recurrence risk of precancerous cervical neoplasia. The results are presented in form of the difference of mean or pooled 95% confidence-interval odds ratios (OR; 95% CI). Statistical analyses were conducted with Review Manager v. 5.4 (The Cochrane Collaboration, 2020).Results. Thirteen Russian- and English-language studies were selected for final analysis. A total of 21,702 cervical dysplasia patients were included: 5,941 (27.4%) received a perioperative HPV vaccine, while 15,761 (72.6%) only had surgical treatment. Recurrences of CIN I (mild cervical intraepithelial neoplasia; OR 0.45, 95% CI 0.27–0.73; p = 0.001) and CIN II (moderate cervical intraepithelial neoplasia; OR 0.33, 95% CI 0.20–0.52; p &lt;0.0001) were lower in the vaccinated vs. unvaccinated cohort.Conclusion. Adjuvant HPV vaccination associates with a lower risk of recurrence in cervical intraepithelial neoplasia. Further research is necessary to shed more light on the role of human papillomavirus vaccination as a secondary prevention measure against its associated lesions