Økt produktivitet i veksthusagurk ved redusert angrep av Pythium-råte

Pythium aphanidermatum er et rotpatogen som gir aggressiv rotråte i veksthusagurk (Cucumis sativus). Rapporten beskriver resultater fra forsøk gjennomført ved Bioforsk Plantehelse/Vest Særheim med utprøving av kjemiske og biologiske alternativer for bekjempelse av P. aphanidermatum. Seks preparater er utprøvd : Prestop (Gliocladium catenulatum), Mycostop (Streptomyces griseovirides), Previcur N (prepamocarb), Aliette 80 WG (fosetyl- Al) og Resistim (fosfitt). Resultatene viser at behandling med Resistim og en kombinasjon av Previcur N og Resistim fører til redusert angrep av P. aphanidermatum hos agurksmåplanter. Bruk av Aliette 80 WG (1/2 dose) og Resistim ser ut til å hemme angrepet også etter utplanting. Ved behandling med Resistim og kombinasjonen av Previcur N og Resistim klarte plantene å vokse seg gjennom begynnende angrep og synlige rothalsskader forsvant. Mycostop, Prestop og Aliette hadde i disse forsøkene ikke tilsvarende god effekt. Forprosjektet viser at det er vanskelig å eliminere angrep av P. aphanidermatum utelukkende ved bruk gjødsel, kjemiske eller biologiske fungicider. Tilfredstillende desinfeksjon, rengjøring, dyrkingspraksis og temperaturvalg er viktige faktorer som det må arbeides systematisk videre med for å kunne redusere angrepene av P. aphanidermatum i Norsk agurkproduksjon.publishedVersio

Nutrient content of fish powder from low value fish and fish byproducts

Consuming small‐sized fish species whole, and bones of large fish could contribute significantly to reducing the level of micronutrient and protein malnutrition. These fish products are more affordable and could therefore meet the needs of poor, vulnerable groups, particularly in rural and urban areas where limited economic resources prevent dietary diversity. The objectives of the study were to produce fish powder from dried edible byproducts from fish processing factories, an underutilized fish species, burrito and to determine the physical, micromineral, macronutrient and microbiological quality of the dried fish powder. Edible fish processing byproducts and an underutilized fish, burrito (Brachydeuterus auritus) were cleaned thoroughly and dried with a Council for Scientific and Industrial Research‐Food Research Institute (CSIR‐FRI) gas‐fuelled oven at 55°C for 8 h or until dried. The dried products were milled into powder, and packaged into polythene bags. Proximate analysis of the fish powder was done Official Methods of Analysis (AOAC) methods. Minerals and heavy metals in the fish powder were determined by atomic absorption spectrophotometry (AAS). Microbiological quality was determined by Nordic Committee on Food Analysis Method (NMLK) methods. Tuna trimmings contained 80.71 g/100 g protein, whereas burrito contained 70.40 g/100 g protein. Concentrations of cadmium, arsenic, and mercury varied from <1.00 to 1 mg/kg. Lead was found at 0.04 mg/100 g in tuna frames and gills only. All fish byproducts contained high levels of iron, for example, trimmings contained 16.58 mg/100 g, whereas tuna frames and gills also contained 16.82 and 19.54 mg/100 g, respectively. Burrito contained 8.92 mg/100 g. Zinc levels also ranged from 0.41 mg/100 g in tuna trimmings to 1.88 mg/100 g in tuna gills. The powdered samples according to the standards set by Ghana Standard Authority, were acceptable. Consuming small‐ sized fish species whole, and bones of large fish could contribute significantly to reducing the level of micronutrient and protein malnutrition. These are more affordable and could therefore meet the needs of poor, vulnerable groups

Ethnie und Migration

Diehm I. Ethnie und Migration. In: Coelen T, Otto H-U, eds. Grundbegriffe Ganztagsbildung. Das Handbuch. Wiesbaden: VS Verlag für Sozialwissenschaften; 2008: 98-105

eIF5A hypusination, boosted by dietary spermidine, protects from premature brain aging and mitochondrial dysfunction

Summary Mitochondrial function declines during brain aging and is suspected to play a key role in age-induced cognitive decline and neurodegeneration. Supplementing levels of spermidine, a body-endogenous metabolite, has been shown to promote mitochondrial respiration and delay aspects of brain aging. Spermidine serves as the amino-butyl group donor for the synthesis of hypusine (Nε-[4-amino-2-hydroxybutyl]-lysine) at a specific lysine residue of the eukaryotic translation initiation factor 5A (eIF5A). Here, we show that in the Drosophila brain, hypusinated eIF5A levels decline with age but can be boosted by dietary spermidine. Several genetic regimes of attenuating eIF5A hypusination all similarly affect brain mitochondrial respiration resembling age-typical mitochondrial decay and also provoke a premature aging of locomotion and memory formation in adult Drosophilae. eIF5A hypusination, conserved through all eukaryotes as an obviously critical effector of spermidine, might thus be an important diagnostic and therapeutic avenue in aspects of brain aging provoked by mitochondrial decline