468 research outputs found
Dyson processes on the octonion algebra
We consider Brownian motion on symmetric matrices of octonions, and study the
law of the spectrum. Due to the fact that the octonion algebra is
nonassociative, the dimension of the matrices plays a special role. We provide
two specific models on octonions, which give some indication of the relation
between the multiplicity of eigenvalues and the exponent in the law of the
spectrum
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Ability-Based Design: Concept, Principles and Examples
Current approaches to accessible computing share a common goal of making technology accessible to users with disabilities. Perhaps because of this goal, they may also share a tendency to centralize disability rather than ability. We present a refinement to these approaches called ability-based design that consists of focusing on ability throughout the design process in an effort to create systems that leverage the full range of human potential. Just as user-centered design shifted the focus of interactive system design from systems to users, ability-based design attempts to shift the focus of accessible design from disability to ability. Although prior approaches to accessible computing may consider usersâ abilities to some extent, ability-based design makes ability its central focus. We offer seven ability-based design principles and describe the projects that inspired their formulation. We also present a research agenda for ability-based design.Engineering and Applied Science
The Influence of Climate on Flourishing and Motivational Outcomes for U.S. Masters Swimmers
The climate in which older adults exercise and participate in sport may play a role in promoting a lifetime commitment to exercising. However, little research has examined the relationship of caring (C) and task-involving (TI) climates, motivation, and well-being with respect to older adult athletes. The purpose of this study was to examine the relationship between Masters swimmersâ perceptions of the climate, effort, enjoyment, and flourishing as well as explore the mediating effects of effort and enjoyment on the relationship between climate and flourishing. U.S. Masters swimmers (n = 294; Mage = 63.57 years; 84.40% White) with 1â80 years of swimming experience (M = 34.54 years) participating in coach-led programs completed an online survey. The results of latent variable, multiple-mediator analyses via structural equation modeling revealed two important contributions to the literature: (1) when Masters swimmers perceived that they were in C and TI climates, they were more likely to report higher levels of effort and greater enjoyment and flourishing; (2) the Masters swimmersâ effort levels directly influenced their flourishing, mediating the relationship between climates and flourishing. This research has important implications for practice and policy, as U.S. Masters Swimming appears to be a fruitful avenue for promoting an enjoyable physical activity that can be experienced throughout a lifetime
Josephson Effect between Condensates with Different Internal Structures
A general formula for Josephson current in a wide class of hybrid junctions
between different internal structures is derived on the basis of the Andreev
picture. The formula extends existing formulae and also enables us to analyze
novel B-phase/A-phase/B-phase (BAB) junctions in superfluid helium three
systems, which are accessible to experiments. It is predicted that BAB
junctions will exhibit two types of current-phase relations associated with
different internal symmetries. A ``pseudo-magnetic interface effect'' inherent
in the system is also revealed.Comment: 4 pages, 2 figure
The Usefulness of Readout-Segmented Echo-Planar Imaging (RESOLVE) for Bio-phantom Imaging Using 3-Tesla Clinical MRI
Readout-segmented echo-planar imaging (RESOLVE) is a multi-shot echo-planar imaging (EPI) modality with k-space segmented in the readout direction. We investigated whether RESOLVE decreases the distortion and artifact in the phase direction and increases the signal-to-noise ratio (SNR) in phantoms image taken with 3-tesla (3T) MRI versus conventional EPI. We used a physiological saline phantom and subtraction mapping and observed that RESOLVEâs SNR was higher than EPIâs. Using RESOLVE, the combination of
a special-purpose coil and a large-loop coil had a higher SNR compared to using only a head/neck coil. RESOLVEâs image distortioas less than EPIâs. We used a 120 mM polyethylene glycol phantom to examine the phase direction artifact.vThe range where the artifact appeared in the apparent diffusion coefficient (ADC) image was shorter with RESOLVE compared to EPI. We used RESOLVE to take images of a Jurkat cell bio-phantom: the cell-region ADC was 856Ă10â6mm2/sec and the surrounding physiological saline-region ADC was 2,951Ă10â6mm2/sec. The combination of RESOLVE and the 3T clinical MRI device reduced image distortion and improved SNR and the identification of accurate ADC values due to the phase direction artifact reduction. This combination is useful for obtaining accurate ADC values of bio-phantoms
Unusual magnetic relaxation behavior in La0.5Ca0.5MnO3 and Nd0.5Sr0.5MnO3
We have carried out a systematic magnetic relaxation study, measured after
applying and switching off a 5 T magnetic field to polycrystalline samples of
La0.5Ca0.5MnO3 and Nd0.5Sr0.5MnO3. The long time logarithmic relaxation rate
(LTLRR), decreased from 10 K to 150 K and increased from 150 K to 195 K in
La0.5Ca0.5MnO3. This change in behavior was found to be related to the complete
suppression of the antiferromagnetic phase above 150 K and in the presence of a
5 T magnetic field. At 195 K, the magnetization first decreased, and after a
few minutes increased slowly as a function of time. Moreover, between 200 K and
245 K, the magnetization increased throughout the measured time span. The
change in the slope of the curves, from negative to positive at about 200 K was
found to be related to the suppression of antiferromagnetic fluctuations in
small magnetic fields. A similar temperature dependence of the LTLRR was found
for the Nd0.5Sr0.5MnO3 sample. However, the temperature where the LTLRR reached
the minimum in Nd0.5Sr0.5MnO3 was lower than that of La0.5Ca0.5MnO3. This
result agrees with the stronger ferromagnetic interactions that exist in
Nd0.5Sr0.5MnO3 in comparison to La0.5Ca0.5MnO3. The above measurements
suggested that the general temperature dependence of the LTLRR and the
underlying physics were mainly independent of the particular charge ordering
system considered. All relaxation curves could be fitted using a logarithmic
law at long times. This slow relaxation was attributed to the coexistence of
ferromagnetic and antiferromagnetic interactions between Mn ions, which
produced a distribution of energy barriers.Comment: Accepted to PRB as a regular article, 10 figures, Scheduled Issue: 01
June 200
Development of a novel method for visualizing restricted diffusion using subtraction of apparent diffusion coefficient values
In order to visualize restricted diffusion, the present study developed a novel method called 'apparent diffusion coefficient (ADC) subtraction method (ASM)' and compared it with diffusion kurtosis imaging (DKI). The diffusion-weighted images of physiological saline, in addtion to bio-phatoms of low cell density and the highest cell density were obtained using two sequences with different effective diffusion times. Then, the calculated ADC values were subtracted. The mean values and standard deviations (SD) of the ADC values of physiological saline, low cell density and the highest cell density phantoms were 2.95 +/- 0.08x10(-3), 1.90 +/- 0.35x10(-3) and 0.79 +/- 0.05x10(-3) mm(2)/sec, respectively. The mean kurtosis values and SD of DKI were 0.04 +/- 0.01, 0.44 +/- 0.13 and 1.27 +/- 0.03, respectively. The ASM and SD values were 0.25 +/- 0.20x10(4), 0.51 +/- 0.41x10(4) and 4.80 +/- 4.51x10(4) (sec/mm(2))(2), respectively. Using bio-phantoms, the present study demonstrated that DKI exhibits restricted diffusion in the extracellular space. Similarly, ASM may reflect the extent of restricted diffusion in the extracellular space
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