Mycobacterium tuberculosis ClpP Proteases Are Co-transcribed but Exhibit Different Substrate Specificities

PMCID: PMC3613350This is an open-access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License, which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original author and source are credited

<b>Potential of thermophilic bacteria as microbial inoculant for commercial scale white button mushroom (<i>Agaricus bisporus</i>) compost production</b>

948-955Thermophilic bacteria (9), isolated from button mushroom (Agaricus bisporus) compost samples, were evaluated for temperature requirement, extracellular lignocellulolytic enzymes activity assay and potential for white button mushroom compost production. Optimum growth in different bacteria was between 43-55°C. Highest activity of exoglucanase and endoglucanase was recorded in Staphylococcus sp., while that of b-glucosidase in Bacillus brevis and B. megaterium, and xylanase as well as laccase in B. stearothermophilus. Staphylococcus sp. also exhibited second best activity of xylanase. Compost prepared with Staphylococcus sp. exhibited highest colony forming units of bacteria, numbers of mushroom pinheads and mushroom yield.Compost prepared with extraneous inoculation of two potential bacteria (Staphylococcus sp. and B. megaterium-I) at commercial scale did not show much variation in physico-chemical properties, however, compost prepared with Staphylococcus sp. supported early mushroom harvest by 1.5 - 2.0 days and significantly higher mushroom yield in two cultivation trials Thus Staphylococcus sp. has potential to convert agro wastes into selective and productive compost for white button mushroom cultivation

Culture Viability, Commercial Scale Cultivation and Shelf Life Studies on the Silver-silk Straw Mushroom, <i>Volvariella bombycina</i>

562-569The study covers viability of mycelial cultures and mycolytic enzymes activity in six strains of three different species of straw mushroom on storage at 4±2 °C, yield optimization and nutritional analysis of silver-silk straw mushroom, Volvariella bombycina vis-à-vis Chinese straw mushroom V. volvacea and shelf life of V. bombycina fruit bodies on storage at 4±2 °C. V. bombycina exhibited highest viability of mycelial cultures (76 days), followed by a strain of Volvopluteus earlei (50 days), which coincided with highest activity of protease and lowest of N-acetyl-ß-glucosaminidase. Highest sporocarp yield was obtained from beds of 12 and 18 kg capacity prepared out of composted substrate of paddy straw + cotton ginning mill waste (1:1, w/w). V. bombycina exhibited acceptable keeping quality up to 7 days of storage at 4±2 °C with slight changes in weight (-5.80%) and nutritional attributes (± 4.17 to 6.95 %), which makes it a good choice for industrial scale cultivation

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Not AvailableA study on Dendrocalamus strictus + Sesamum indicum based agroforestry was conducted at ICAR-Central Agroforestry Research Institute, Jhansi (Uttar Pradesh), India during 2007 to 2012 to find out the suitability of bamboo based agroforestry system (AFS) in the semi-arid region. Bamboo recorded survival of 62 to 77% (1st year), 86 to 96 (2nd year) and 100% thereafter. D. strictus culm (No.) varied in the range of 178-388 (1st year); 936 to 1439 (2nd year); 1507 to 2134 (3rd year); 2182 to 2901 (4th year) and 2422 to 3215 (5th year, i.e. at harvest stage). Bamboo did not influence the sesame yields during initial two years, however, yield level got reduced during subsequent years. During 5th year intercropped sesame yield got reduced 15.69 (10m × 10m bamboo) and 10.09% (10m × 12m bamboo) as compared to pure crop. Bamboo clump affected the sesame yield substantially and 16.3, 14.3, 7.5 and 0.3% sesame yield reduction was observed at a distance of 1.0, 2.0, 3.0 and 4.0m, respectively, during 5th year. Organic C increased from 3.92 to 6.24 g/kg soil over a period of five years in bamboo based AFS. At harvest stage of bamboo (5th year), highest B:C ratio of 2.83 was observed in 10m×10m bamboo + sesame followed by 2.59 (10m×12m bamboo + sesame) and 1.43 (pure sesame). Therefore, bamboo based AFS has economic and environmental advantages over the sole crop and due to this, the system could be one of best alternative livelihood options for farmers of semi-arid tropics.Not Availabl