Використання принципу оздоровчої спрямованості на заняттях з фізичного виховання

The article analyzes the peculiarities of using the principle of health orientation during physicaleducation classes in institutions of higher education. It was found that the principle of health orientation obliges physical education teachers to organize classes in such a way that they ensure the performance of preventive and developmental functions. The main requirements of the principle of health orientation are determined. It has been proven that when using the principle of health-oriented orientation, the means of physical education are of great importance, so, among the means of health-recreational physical culture, the main types are conditionally distinguished (exercises from sports of a cyclic and acyclic nature, mass physical culture and health-improving and sports events, non-traditional means of health-improving, health-improving systems) andadditional types (medical-biological and psychological means of recovery, natural factors). In the structural method, programs are designed in advance, using specially prepared musical soundtracks and developed choreographic combinations consisting of combinations of various aerobic steps that are repeated in a combination of exercises in a certain order, with a given frequency, number of movements and in exact accordance with musical accompaniment. Such standardized programs are repeated during a certain cycle of classes, sufficient to solve specific tasks.The constant need for improvement is provided by a wide variety of exercises and conditions for their performance, a favorable emotional background, an individual approach, encouragement of activity, adequate criteria for evaluating the effectiveness of classes, a choice in accordance with individual characteristics of forms of criticism and methods of encouragement. Stimulation of interest in systematic classes with health-improving exercises and regular loads is achieved by the formation of a state of satisfaction with classes, awareness of their benefit and necessity.В статті проаналізовано особливості використання принципу оздоровчої спрямованості під час занять з фізичного виховання у закладах вищої освіти. Виявлено, що принцип оздоровчої спрямованості зобов’язує викладачів фізичного виховання організовувати заняття, таким чином, щоб вони забезпечували виконання профілактичної та розвивальної функції. Визначено головні вимоги принципу оздоровчої спрямованості. Доведено що при використанні принципу оздоровчої спрямованості важливе значення мають засоби фізичного виховання, так, серед засобів оздоровчо-рекреаційної фізичної культури умовно розрізняють основні види (вправи з видів спорту циклічного та ациклічного характеру, масові фізкультурно-оздоровчі та спортивні заходи, нетрадиційні засоби оздоровлення, оздоровчі системи) і додаткові види (медико-біологічні та психологічні засоби оздоровлення, природні фактори

APPLICATION OF COMPUTER MICROTOMOGRAPHY IN THE STUDY OF MORPHOSTRUCTURAL PECULIARITIES OF HARD TISSUES OF TEETH IN EARLY FORMS OF CARIOUS LESIONS

Aim. The research was designed to assess the capabilities of the microcomputer tomography method with the subsequent image analysis and determination of the mineral optical density of demineralized areas to improve the early diagnosis of fissure caries of permanent molars after the eruption.Materials and methods. Using a high-resolution X-ray microtomograph “Skyscan 1176” (“Bruker”, Belgium) followed by post-processing and analysis of the obtained tomograms, 75 molars of children aged 8-11 were removed by orthodontic indications. Of the total number of teeth removed, research groups were formed – teeth without signs of demineralization and teeth with carious lesions in the stage of white, light brown, brown and black spots. In the reconstructed 2D and 3D images were identified the zones in the outer (0.05-0.5 mm), middle (0.75-1.25 mm) and inner (1.5-2.0 mm) thirds of the thickness of the enamel layer followed by the computation in the CTvox program (3.3.0-1403, Bruker-micro CT) of the averaged X-ray (mineral) density indicators. Results. According to the tomograms of the teeth of the studied groups, the average indicators of the mineral optical density of the intact teeth enamel were identified as well as the average indicators of teeth with various types of carious lesions within the enamel. The following sequence was revealed in descending order of the parameters of optical density: healthy enamel (2.47±0.12 g/cm3) – caries in the white spot stage (2.41±0.11 g/cm3) – caries in the light brown spot stage (2.32±0.07 g/cm3) – caries in the brown spot stage (2.18±0.12 g/cm3) – caries in the black spot stage (1.81±0.12 g/cm3). Identifying the correlations between the color of carious lesion and mineral density of tooth enamel broadens the understanding of the mechanisms of the development of caries pathogenesis and contributes to the improvement of therapeutic and preventive measures aimed at improving caries resistance.Conclusion. The use of microcomputer tomography in combination with other special methods characterizes fissure caries as a sequential, gradually progressing destructive process of hard tooth tissues (from focal demineralization to cavity formation), which establishes the relationship between the intensity of internal disturbances and external damage

Morphological criteria for prognosis in patients with melanoma

Among the morphological criteria of prognosis in patients with melanoma of the skin the most important ones are thickness, depth of invasion, ulceration of the tumor, the presence of microsatellites and metastases in regional lymph nodes, the severity of the proliferative activity of tumor cell invasion into blood vessels. The value of clinical, anatomical and cell-type variant of melanoma, the degree of pigmentation, the severity of her infl ammatory infi ltration, fi broplasia, signs of regression is controversial

EVALUATION OF CARIOGENIC SITUATION IN CHILDREN WITH TYPE 1 DIABETES MELLITUS GIVEN THE MINERALIZING POTENTIAL OF SALIVA AND ENAMEL RESISTANCE

Aim. This study was conducted to evaluate the caries resistance of hard tooh tissues and the state of the calcium and phosphorus  metabolism in children with type 1 diabetes mellitus given the  mineralizing potential of saliva and antimicrobial protection of the oral cavity.Materials and methods. There was conducted a general clinical, dental, laboratory examination of 127 children with type 1 diabetes  mellitus aged 7 to 12 years with the endocrinopathy experience from eight months to ten years. The obtained data were compared with  the results of the examination of 37 "healthy" and "practically  healthy" children of this age category. When assessing the dental  status of children, were used the hygienic index (Y.A. Fedorov, V.V.  Volodkina, 1970), the CFE/ cf index (WHO Expert Committee, 1962), the simplified hygienic index OHI-S (Green, Vermillion, 1964). The  intensity of the enamel demineralization processes was assessed  using the enamel resistance test (V.R. Okushko, L.I. Kosavera, 1984)  and vital staining (L.A. Aksamit, 1978). The electrometry of  hard tooth tissues was carried out by the electrodiagnostic apparatus "Dent Est" (V.K. Leontiev, G.G. Ivanova, 1985).The  laboratory diagnostics of the salivary indicators included the study of calcium (total, ionized), inorganic phosphorus, alkaline  phosphatase, osteocalcin, parathyroid hormone, 25-hydroxyvitamin D3, lactoferrin. The microcrystallization and  mineralizing potential of saliva were determined according to Leus  P.A. (1997).Results. At the early stages of type 1 diabetes mellitus development children have a compensated and subcompensated form of the  carious process, the increase in the enamel permeability, a slight  predominance of the demineralization processes over the  remineralization processes in solid tooth tissues. It indicates that  self-regulation of the mineral metabolism mechanisms takes place  while maintaining the physiological remineralizing properties of  saliva. At a late stage of type 1 diabetes mellitus development a high intensity and decompensated form of the carious lesions are  established as well as low structural and functional enamel  resistance and pronounced processes of hard tooth tissues  demineralization. The emergence of this complex in children with the experience of endocrinopathy for more than five years indicates the depletion of salivary gland functionality, the disturbance of  mobilization salivary systems in response to the occurrence of the  cariogenic situation in the oral cavity, the change in calcium  homeostasis, the decrease in enamel resistance to organic acids and the absence of saliva crystallization.Conclusion. The growing positive dynamics of index growth in children with long-term type 1 diabetes mellitus, indicating the  deterioration of the dental status, requires adherence to the  principles of rational nutrition, quarterly professional caries preventive measures using modern and effective oral care  products, the introduction of active forms of hygienic training and education taking into account the mineralizing potential of saliva as well as careful monitoring of the acquired manual skills

DEVELOPMENT AND JUSTIFICATION OF THE ESTIMATION ALGORITHM OF THE BONE SYSTEM METABOLISM IN CHILDREN WITH TYPE 1 DIABETES MELLITUS

Aim. This study was conducted to develop the optimal methodological approaches to early diagnosis and comprehensive treatment of type 1 diabetes mellitus in children by creating an estimation algorithm of the bone system metabolism based on the results of the studies of calcium phosphorus metabolism, calcium-regulating hormones and bone mineral density.Materials and methods. There was carried out a general clinical, laboratory, X-ray examination of 114 children with type 1 diabetes mellitus aged 7 to 12 years with an endocrinopathy experience from eight months to ten years. The obtained data were compared with the results of the examination of 35 “healthy” and “practically healthy” children of this age group. The densitometric measurement of the bone tissue mineral density in the lumbar spine was performed by the densitometer "Lunar iDXA" with the automatic calculation of the Z-test. Orthopantomography of the jaw bones was carried out by a digital orthopantomograph "ORTHOPHOS XG 3 DS" with the subsequent calculation of the Fuchs index and the X-ray index. Laboratory diagnosis of serum indicators included calcium study (total, ionized), inorganic phosphorus, alkaline phosphatase, calcitonin, osteocalcin, parathormone, 25- Hydroxyvitamin D. Indices of the bone resorption were evaluated by the level of a product of degradation of helical protein collagen type I C-terminal telopeptides (CTx, Beta-Cross laps) in blood serum.Results. At the early stages of development of type 1 diabetes mellitus the speed of bone tissue remodeling increases with increased bone formation. At the late stages of development of endocrine pathology the processes of bone remodeling are slowed down with the predominance of bone resorption processes over bone formation processes as well as a significant decrease in bone mineral density (Z-score <-1SD) with the predominance of criteria "within the expected age norms" and "low mineral density in relation to the average age norm" in the bone tissue structure. A statistically significant decrease in bone mineral density in children with a history of type 1 diabetes mellitus for more than five years is indicative of absolute insulin deficiency of pancreatic β cells as well as an early debut of endocrinopathy during the growth and development of bone tissue, triggering the formation of osteopenic syndrome.Conclusion. The introduction of the algorithm for evaluating bone tissue metabolism based on modern high-tech laboratory radiology methods for diagnosing the state of musculoskeletal system in practical public health will make it possible to identify the pathological changes at early stages, when the implementation of integrated therapeutic and prophylactic measures will have the greatest impact and improve the quality of life of children suffering from type 1 diabetes mellitus