Associação entre comportamentos externalizantes e baixo desempenho escolar: uma revisão de estudos prospectivos e longitudinais Association between externalizing behavior and underachievement: a review of prospective and longitudinal studies

Foi feito um levantamento na literatura de estudos prospectivos e longitudinais investigando a associação entre problemas de comportamento externalizantes e baixo desempenho escolar no ensino fundamental, no período de 1990 a 2006. Por meio dos sistemas PsycInfo, Medline, Lilacs, Scielo e Web of Science, foram selecionados e adquiridos 18 artigos, classificados em quatro categorias: estudos com amostras clínicas; estudos comparando grupos com ou sem comorbidade; estudos que buscam testar modelos de trajetória de desenvolvimento; estudos sobre precursores da associação entre problemas de comportamento e baixo desempenho escolar. A análise dos artigos evidencia que a co-ocorrência de baixo desempenho escolar e problemas externalizantes sugere a influência de variáveis antecedentes, como condições adversas na família e baixo nível socioeconômico. Indica, ainda, que a associação traz mau prognóstico às crianças, como comorbidades com transtornos psiquiátricos, posteriores problemas acadêmicos e de comportamento anti-social, evidenciando a situação de risco psicossocial em que se encontram.<br>A survey in the literature of prospective and longitudinal studies was made investigating the association between externalizing behavior and underachievement in the period of 1990-2006. It was used PsycInfo, Medline, Lilacs, Scielo and Web of Science systems and it was selected and acquired 18 articles, classified in four categories: studies with clinical samples; studies comparing groups with or without comorbidity; studies that try to establish or to test models of developmental trajectory; studies of precursors of the association between behavior problems and underachievement. The analysis of articles evidences that the co-occurrence of underachievement and externalizing behavior suggests the influence of antecedent variables, such as adverse conditions in the family and low socio-economic level. It indicates that the association brings bad prognostic to the children, such as comorbidity with psychiatric disorders, later academic problems, and antisocial behavior, evidencing the psychosocial risk situation in that they are

Anxiety Assessment and Treatment in Typically Developing Children

Anxiety disorders are highly prevalent in youth and have been associated with difficulties in adolescence and adulthood. The field has responded with empirical investigations of assessment methods and therapeutic interventions. This chapter highlights some considerations in the assessment and treatment of childhood anxiety disorders as well as the strengths and limitations of commonly used intervention assessment tools. The need for easily accessible, consumer-friendly, and effective interventions for childhood anxiety disorders is paramount, and much of the intervention research has focused on the use of cognitive-behavioral therapy for the treatment of childhood anxiety disorders. While cognitive behavioral treatments vary in terms of emphases, therapy formats, and populations targeted, most cognitive-behavioral therapies share common elements including psychoeducation, exposure, cognitive restructuring, parent training, relaxation, modeling, and self-monitoring. These techniques have been packaged together to treat a variety of anxiety diagnoses, and empirical support for treatment of each disorder is reviewed within the chapter. Future research considerations are discussed