Wild relatives and interspecific hybrids of potato as source materials in breeding for resistance to golden nematode

Background. Predominant use of the H1 and Gro1-4 genes of resistance to golden nematode (PGN) in potato breeding requires widening the gene pool of resistance to this pathogen.Materials and methods. Thirty-four genotypes of wild potatoes from North and South Americas, 14 interspecific hybrids, and 10 Russian potato cultivars were studied for PGN resistance. Screening for resistance to PGN pathotype Ro1 and molecular screening for the presence of H1 and Gro1-4 gene markers were performed. Amplification products of the Gro1-4 gene marker were sequenced.Results. Only seven among the studied 34 potato genotypes (two of S. brachystotrichum (Bitt.) Rydb., four of S. lesteri Hawkes et Hjerting, and one of S. kurtzianum Bitt. et Wittm.) were susceptible to PGN, while the rest demonstrated high or medium resistance. Molecular screening for the presence of H1 and Gro1-4 gene markers allowed us to identify Gro1-4 in 13 South American genotypes of S. alandiae Cárd., S. × doddsii Corr., S. kurtzianum, S. leptophyes Bitt., and S. yungasense Hawkes. The remaining 14 genotypes may supposedly contain resistance genes non-identical to H1 or Gro1-4. Hybrids of S. tuberosum L. with medium-resistant wild accessions of S. kurtzianum, S. leptophyes, S. sparsipilum (Bitt.) Juz. et Buk., S. alandiae, and S. × doddsii inherited PGN resistance determined either by the Gro1-4 gene or genes non-identical to H1 or Gro1-4. Sequencing a fragment of the Gro1-4 gene showed that changes in the structure of this fragment in orthologous genes did not affect the feature of resistance to PGN pathotype Ro1.Conclusion. For the first time, sources of resistance to PGN were found among the North American species S. brachystotrichum (k-23201) and S. lesteri (k-24475). Among the wild South American Solanum spp., sources of resistance determined by genes different from H1 or Gro1-4 were identified. Resistant interspecific hybrids can serve as donors of the Gro1-4 resistance gene or new resistance genes

Geochemical Monitoring of Creolithozone after oil products spills

The special geochemical works showed the necessary of complex research of oil polluted soils with application of FT-IR spectroscopy, gas-liquid chromatography and GC-MS for the accurate evaluation of oil pollution of soils. The obtained results allowed to detect the features of oil spills degradation in north ecological system.Специальные экологические исследования показали необходимость применения комплекса геохимических методов: ИК-Фурье спектроскопии, газожидкостной хроматографии и хромато-масс-спектрометрии для оценки нефтезагрязнения мерзлотных почв. Полученные результаты позволили выяснить специфику деградации нефтезагрязнения мерзлотных почв в условиях криолитозоны

Influence of different biological factors on the character of biodegradation of oil pollution soils

The results of laboratory and field experiments on remediation of oil pollution soils showed that for the effective restoration of soils it is possible to recommend performing works with the application of microorganism-plant complexes i.e. combining introduction into contaminated soil of hydrocarbon degradating bacteria with plant seeding.Результаты камеральных и полевых экспериментов по очистке почв от нефтезагрязнения показали, что для эффективного восстановления почв можно рекомендовать проведение рекультивационных работ с применением микробно-растительных сообществ т. е. совмещая внесение в загрязненную почву УОМ с высеванием устойчивых к нефтезагрязнению растений

Geochemical evaluation of the quality o f cleaning petroleum-contaminated soils

The experiment results of oil destructors (based on aborigine micro flora) influence on transformation of oil pollution of soils have been concerned. The special complex of analytical methods — FT-IR spectrometry, liquid adsorption chromatography and gas chromatography — mass spectrometry had been used for estimation of a degree of oil pollution degradation.Приведены результаты эксперимента по изучению деградации нефтезагрязнения в почвах криолитозоны под действием микроорганизмов-нефтедеструкторов на основе аборигенной углеводородокисляющей микрофлоры. Для оценки деградации нефтезагрязнения использован комплекс аналитических методов

Late blight resistant potato hybrid clones in the VIR collection of plant genetic resources

Background. Late blight (LB) causes serious damage to potato crop. The genetic diversity of potato and their wild relatives in the VIR collection served as the basis for creating interspecific hybrids.Objective of the study. Selection of hybrid potato clones with high and long-term resistance to LB and identification of genotypes that can serve as the most promising sources of new LB resistance genes or new alleles of the already known resistance genes.Materials and methods. In 2015-2017, 45 hybrid clones with genetic material from two to nine species of Solanum L. section Petota Dumort. and six potato varieties were assessed in field conditions in the Northwestern and Central regions of Russia. The index of plant damage by P. infestans (rAUDPC), relative resistance to LB (Sx) and damage to plants at the end of growth period were determined. Thirty-six genotypes were evaluated in the lab for resistance to highly aggressive P. infestans isolates from the collection of VNIIF (All-Russian Research Institute of Phytopathology). In parallel, DNA markers were used to reveal three genes that confer broad-spectrum resistance to P. infestance (Rpi).Results and conclusions. The initial period of infection, the rate of pathogen development and the degree of potato crop damage by LB differed significantly in 2015, 2016 and 2017. The relationship between rAUDPC values in different years of study was statistically significant for hybrids and potato varieties (r = 0.87-0.94). Each year, var. 'Sarpo Mira', clones 10 / 05-09 and 50/1 KBA were highly resistant to LB (Sx = 7-8 points). As to other potato genotypes, the values of the Sx index varied between the years of the study. 'Sarpo Mira' and 12 clones, namely 38 KVA, 24-1, 24-2, 16/27-09, 4-1-2012, 118-5-2011, 39-1-2005, 50/1 KBA, 12/1-09, 171-3, 134-2-2006 and 15/13-09 were highly resistant to artificial infection with P. infestans. The average degree of consistency of potato resistance assessments in the field and laboratory experiments was established: the Spearman correlation coefficient r was 0.45-0.50 (p <0.05). In the cluster analysis, 36 potato genotypes were divided into three groups, which differed significantly in their resistance to LB under various environmental conditions. High resistance to LB correlated with the presence of resistance genes that confer broad-spectrum resistance (R8 = Rpi-smira2 in 'Sarpo Mira' and Rpi-blb1, Rpi-blb2 and Rpi-vnt1 in interspecific hybrids)