Социальный и эмоциональный интеллект как ресурсы преодоления стресса субъектами командной и индивидуальной деятельности докладчик

Рукопись поступила в редакцию: 12.01.2022.Received: 12.01.2022.В статье рассматриваются особенности проявления эмоционального и социального интеллекта в условиях командной и индивидуальной деятельности на примере спорта. Выявлено, что изучаемые типы интеллекта обладают значительными ресурсными возможностями в повышении уровня психической устойчивости субъектов деятельности и регулировании их выбора стратегий преодоления стресса. Установлены корреляции эмоционального и социального интеллекта с сознательной саморегуляцией поведения и самооценкой субъектов деятельности. Множественный регрессионный анализ позволил выявить предикторы психической устойчивости и выбора стратегий преодоления стресса, установить степень вклада параметров эмоционального и социального интеллекта в устойчивость испытуемых к стрессу.The dissertation examines the features of the manifestation of emotional and social intelligence in the conditions of team and individual activity on the example of sports. It is revealed that the studied types of intelligence have significant resource capabilities in increasing the level of mental stability of the subjects of activity and regulating their choice of strategies for overcoming stress. Correlations of emotional and social intelligence with conscious self-regulation of behavior and self-assessment of subjects of activity have been established. Multiple regression analysis allowed us to identify predictors of mental stability and the choice of strategies for overcoming stress, to establish the degree of contribution of the parameters of emotional and social intelligence to the resistance of subjects to stress

ФАКТОРЫ РИСКА И НОЗОКОМИАЛЬНЫЕ ИНФЕКЦИИ, ВЫЗЫВАЕМЫЕ ЭНТЕРОКОККАМИ

Aim: to analyze nosocomial infections and risk factors caused by enterococci. Review of the foreign and domestic literature on biology and virulence factors of enterococci being the leading causative agents of nosocomial infections is done. Information on risk factors and postoperative infectious complications, pathogens of which are enterococci, in surgical hospitals and hospitals for organ transplantations is provided. The growth of antibiotic resistance in enterococci and the relationship between mortality rate and prevalence rate of antibiotic resistant strains are emphasizedЦель: анализ нозокомиальных инфекций и факторов риска, вызываемых энтерококками. Представлен обзор данных зарубежной и отечественной литературы по биологии, факторам вирулентности энтерококков – ведущих возбудителей нозокомиальных инфекций. Приводятся сведения о факторах риска и послеоперационных инфекционных осложнениях, возбудителями которых являются энтерококки, в хирургических клиниках и клиниках по трансплантации органов. Подчеркивается нарастание антибиотикорезистентности энтерококков и связь между показателями летальности и частотой распространения антибиотикорезистентных штаммов

ГОСПИТАЛЬНАЯ МИКРОФЛОРА И БИОПЛЕНКИ

The review presents data on the role of biofilms formation by opportunistic microbes in surgery. It gives in- formation about the microbial structure of biofilms, their architecture and physiology. The attention was payed to significal importance of microbial communities, which form biofilms in surgery. Mechanisms of increased resistance of biofilms bacteria are compared with plankton. The review includes literature data on the process of formation biofilms on intravascular catheters and methods of inhibition and protection. Methods of studing formation and inhibition of biofilms in vitro and in vivo are presented. Different biotechnology methods, based on using antiadhesive, antiseptic, biophysical resources and biomaterials are discussed. В обзоре изложены данные литературы о значении образования биопленок условнопатогенными бакте- риями в хирургии. Представлены сведения о микробном составе биопленок, архитектуре и физиологии. Обращено внимание на значение микробных сообществ, образующих биопленки, в хирургии. Разбира- ются механизмы повышенной резистентности биопленочных бактерий по сравнению с планктонными. Приводятся данные литературы о процессах образования биопленок на внутрисосудистых катетерах и методы их ингибиции и протекции. Излагаются методы изучения образования и подавления биопленок in vitro и in vivo на медицинских устройствах. Обсуждаются различные биотехнологические приемы, основанные на использовании антиадгезивных, антисептических, биофизических средств и биопрепара- тов, которые будут способствовать снижению и предупреждению инфекционных осложнений в хирургии и в трансплантологии.

ОСОБЕННОСТИ МИКРОФЛОРЫ КИШЕЧНИКА У ДЕТЕЙ – РЕЦИПИЕНТОВ ДОНОРСКОЙ ПЕЧЕНИ

Aim. The study microecology of the large intestine of children with cirrhosis before transplantation of the share liver. Materials and methods. Studied the flora of the colon 157 children of 1 to 17 years admitted to hospital for liver transplantation fragment from a related donor. Identification was carried out using microbial panels BD Crystal and databases BBL Crystal MIND. Methicillin-resistant staphylococci were determined by their sensiti- vity to oxacillin and cefoxitin. Beta-lactamase activity was tested using discs with ceftazidime and ceftazidime/ clavulanic acid. Results. Microecological revealed deep irregularities in the large intestine transplantation in children up lobe of the liver on a spectrum and composition of the microflora. Among the resident microflora decreased levels of bifidobacteria, lactobacilli and coliform bacteria, especially in children under one year. A sig- nificant portion of the children surveyed (over 60–70%) had an increase of frequency of finding stateally bacteria, especially Klebsiella and enterobacteria in third children – non-fermenting bacteria – Pseudomonas and Acine- tobacter spp. Revealed the spread of strains of gram-negative bacteria with extended-spectrum betalaktamaz.Conclusion. Expressed microecological violations in the large intestine in children with higher levels of bac- teria are conditionally risk factor reeks of infectious complications in the postoperative period and require are complex tools to assist in eliminatsii.s given antibiotic resistance of bacteria. Цель: исследование микроэкологии толстого отдела кишечника детей с циррозами до трансплантации доли печени. Материалы и методы. Изучена микрофлора толстой кишки 157 детей от 1 года до 17 лет, поступивших в клинику для трансплантации фрагмента печени от родственного донора. Идентификацию микробов проводили с помощью панелей BD Crystal и базы данных BBL Crystal MIND. Метициллин-резистентность стафилококков определяли по их чувствительности к оксациллину и цефокситину. Бета-лактамазную активность тестировали с помощью дисков с цефтазидимом и цефтазидим/клавулановой кислотой. Результаты. Выявлены глубокие микроэкологические нарушения в толстом отделе кишечника у детей до трансплантации доли печени, касающиеся как спектра, так и состава микрофлоры. Среди резидентной микрофлоры отмечено снижение уровня бифидобактерий, лактобацилл и кишечных палочек, особенно у детей до года. У значительной части обследованных детей (свыше 60–70%) отмечено нарастание частоты нахождения условно-патогенных бактерий, особенно клебсиелл и энтеробактеров, у 1/3 детей – неферментирующих бактерий – синегнойных палочек, ацинетобактеров. Выявлено распространение штаммов грамотрицательных бактерий с бета-лактамазами расширенного спектра действия. Заключение. Выраженные микроэкологические нарушения в толстом отделе кишечника у детей с повышением уровня условно-патогенных бактерий являются фактором риска развития инфекционных осложнений в послеоперационном периоде и требуют применения комплексных средств, способствующих их элиминации.

RISK FACTORS AND NOSOCOMIAL INFECTIONS CAUSED BY ENTEROCOCCI

Aim: to analyze nosocomial infections and risk factors caused by enterococci. Review of the foreign and domestic literature on biology and virulence factors of enterococci being the leading causative agents of nosocomial infections is done. Information on risk factors and postoperative infectious complications, pathogens of which are enterococci, in surgical hospitals and hospitals for organ transplantations is provided. The growth of antibiotic resistance in enterococci and the relationship between mortality rate and prevalence rate of antibiotic resistant strains are emphasize

NOSOCOMIAL INFECTION AND MICROBIAL BIOFILMS IN SURGERY

The review presents data on the role of biofilms formation by opportunistic microbes in surgery. It gives in- formation about the microbial structure of biofilms, their architecture and physiology. The attention was payed to significal importance of microbial communities, which form biofilms in surgery. Mechanisms of increased resistance of biofilms bacteria are compared with plankton. The review includes literature data on the process of formation biofilms on intravascular catheters and methods of inhibition and protection. Methods of studing formation and inhibition of biofilms in vitro and in vivo are presented. Different biotechnology methods, based on using antiadhesive, antiseptic, biophysical resources and biomaterials are discussed

FEATURES OF THE LARGE INTESTINE MICROFLORA OF CHILDREN – DONOR LIVER TRANSPLANT RECIPIENTS

Aim. The study microecology of the large intestine of children with cirrhosis before transplantation of the share liver. Materials and methods. Studied the flora of the colon 157 children of 1 to 17 years admitted to hospital for liver transplantation fragment from a related donor. Identification was carried out using microbial panels BD Crystal and databases BBL Crystal MIND. Methicillin-resistant staphylococci were determined by their sensiti- vity to oxacillin and cefoxitin. Beta-lactamase activity was tested using discs with ceftazidime and ceftazidime/ clavulanic acid. Results. Microecological revealed deep irregularities in the large intestine transplantation in children up lobe of the liver on a spectrum and composition of the microflora. Among the resident microflora decreased levels of bifidobacteria, lactobacilli and coliform bacteria, especially in children under one year. A sig- nificant portion of the children surveyed (over 60–70%) had an increase of frequency of finding stateally bacteria, especially Klebsiella and enterobacteria in third children – non-fermenting bacteria – Pseudomonas and Acine- tobacter spp. Revealed the spread of strains of gram-negative bacteria with extended-spectrum betalaktamaz.Conclusion. Expressed microecological violations in the large intestine in children with higher levels of bac- teria are conditionally risk factor reeks of infectious complications in the postoperative period and require are complex tools to assist in eliminatsii.s given antibiotic resistance of bacteria

CAUSATIVE AGENT OF BACTEREMIA AND INTESTINAL MICROBIOTA IN RECIPIENTS OF DONOR LIVER

Aim. To study microbiota of the intestinal tract of recipients with cirrhosis of the liver lobes before transplantation and its association with postoperative bacteremia pathogens.Materials and methods. Microbiota of the intestinal tract was studied in 235 recipients (1–17 years) prior to transplantation of the liver fragment from a related donor (2005–2014). Microbiological study of intestinal contents, trachea, blood, vascular catheters was performed by plating a material on the standard culture medium. Identifi cation was carried out using microbial BD Crystal panels and BBL Crystal MIND databases. Susceptibility of isolated opportunistic bacteria to antibiotics was investigated by disk diffusion method.Results. Deep microecological disturbances in the intestinal tract in childrenwere revealed. All recipients showed the reduction of resident microbiota with reduced content of bifi dobacteria, lactobacilli and coliform bacteria. The growth rate of isolating opportunistic Gram-negative bacteria, especially Klebsiella and enterobacteria (up 100%) was detected. Non-fermenting Gram-negative bacteria, in particularly, Pseudomonas aeruginosa were isolated rarely. Among Gram-positive bacteria dominated coagulase-negative staphylococci (CoNS). In patients with unremarkable post-transplant period (Group 1) CoNS and enterococci were often isolated. In the blood of patients with complicated postoperative period (Group 2) Pseudomonas aeruginosa (44%) and Klebsiella pneumoniae (36%) were isolated. Similar microorganisms were seeded from vascular catheters of the same patients. It is worth noting that no essential differences in the content of Klebsiella and non-fermenting microorganisms in microbiota of the intestinal tract of the recipients of both groups were not determined.Conclusion. Studies showed deep microecological disorders of the intestinal microbiota. Klebsiella pneumonia was the main pathogen, whose high content was detected in all liver lobe recipients studied. Isolation of Klebsiella pneumonia in the blood was 23,7% in patients with complicated postoperative period, and 12,9% in those with unremarkable post-transplant period. No such dependence was revealed in relation to Pseudomonas aeroginosa