Проектирование электроснабжения токарно-автоматного цеха конденсаторного завода

Объект исследования – конденсаторный завод, токарно-автоматный цех. Цель работы: проектирование электроснабжения конденсаторного завода.The object of study is a capacitor factory, an automatic machine shop. The purpose of the work: the design of power supply of a capacitor factor

Oral acantholytic squamous cell carcinoma shares clinical and histological features with angiosarcoma

<p>Abstract</p> <p>Background</p> <p>acantholytic squamous cell carcinomas (ASCC) and intraoral angiosarcoma share similar histopathological features. Aim of this study was to find marker for a clear distinction.</p> <p>Methods</p> <p>Four oral acantholytic squamous cell carcinomas and one intraoral angiosarcoma are used to compare the eruptive intraoral growth-pattern, age-peak, unfavourable prognosis and slit-like intratumorous spaces in common histological staining as identical clinical and histopathological features. Immunohistochemical staining for pancytokeratin, cytokeratin, collagen type IV, γ2-chain of laminin-5, endothelial differentiation marker CD31 and CD34, F VIII-associated antigen, Ki 67-antigen, β-catenin, E-cadherin, α-smooth-muscle-actin and Fli-1 were done.</p> <p>Results</p> <p>Cytokeratin-immunoreactive cells can be identified in both lesions. The large vascularization of ASCC complicates the interpretation of vascular differential markers being characteristic for angiosarcoma. Loss of cell-cell-adhesion, monitored by loss of E-cadherin and β-catenin membrane-staining, are indetified as reasons for massive expression of invasion-factor ln-5 in ASCC and considered responsible for unfavourable prognosis of ASCC. Expression of Fli-1 in angiosarcoma and cellular immunoreaction for ln-5 in ASCC are worked out as distinguishing features of both entities.</p> <p>Conclusion</p> <p>Fli-1 in angiosarcoma and ln-5 in ASCC are distinguishing features.</p

Epidermal growth factor receptor kinase domain mutations are rare in salivary gland carcinomas

Activating mutations within the epidermal growth factor (EGFR) tyrosine kinase domain identify non-small cell lung cancer patients with improved clinical response to tyrosine kinase inhibitor therapy. Recently, we identified two EGFR mutations in a cohort of 25 salivary gland carcinomas (SGCs) by screening the tumour samples for the both most common hotspot mutations in exons 19 and 21 by allele-specific PCR. Here, we present a comprehensive sequencing analysis of the entire critical EGFR tyrosine kinase domain in 65 SGC of the main histopathological types. We found EGFR mutations in the tyrosine kinase domain to be a rare event in SGCs. No additional mutations other than the two known exon 19 deletions (c.2235_2249del15) in a mucoepidermoid carcinoma and an adenoid cystic carcinoma have been detected. Other putative predictive markers for EGFR-targeted therapy in SGCs might be relevant and should be investigated

Evaluation of chemiluminescence, toluidine blue and histopathology for detection of high risk oral precancerous lesions: A cross-sectional study

<p>Abstract</p> <p>Background</p> <p>Early detection holds the key to an effective control of cancers in general and of oral cancers in particular. However, screening procedures for oral cancer are not straightforward due to procedural requirements as well as feasibility issues, especially in resource-limited countries.</p> <p>Methods</p> <p>We conducted a cross-sectional study to compare the performance of chemiluminescence, toluidine blue and histopathology for detection of high-risk precancerous oral lesions. We evaluated 99 lesions from 55 patients who underwent chemiluminescence and toluidine blue tests along with biopsy and histopathological examination. We studied inter-as well as intra-rater agreement in the histopathological evaluation and then using latent class modeling, we estimated the operating characteristics of these tests in the absence of a reference standard test.</p> <p>Results</p> <p>There was a weak inter-rater agreement (kappa < 0.15) as well as a weak intra-rater reproducibility (Pearson's r = 0.28, intra-class correlation rho = 0.03) in the histopathological evaluation of potentially high-risk precancerous lesions. When compared to histopathology, chemiluminescence and toluidine blue retention had a sensitivity of 1.00 and 0.59, respectively and a specificity of 0.01 and 0.79, respectively. However, latent class analysis indicated a low sensitivity (0.37) and high specificity (0.90) of histopathological evaluation. Toluidine blue had a near perfect high sensitivity and specificity for detection of high-risk lesions.</p> <p>Conclusion</p> <p>In our study, there was variability in the histopathological evaluation of oral precancerous lesions. Our results indicate that toluidine blue retention test may be better suited than chemiluminescence to detect high-risk oral precancerous lesions in a high-prevalence and low-resource setting like India.</p

Oral squamous cell cancer: early detection and the role of alcohol and smoking

Objective: Oral squamous cell carcinoma has a remarkable incidence worldwide and a fairly onerous prognosis, encouraging further research on factors that might modify disease outcome. Data sources: A web-based search for all types of articles published was initiated using Medline/Pub Med, with the key words such as oral cancer, alcohol consumption, genetic polymorphisms, tobacco smoking and prevention. The search was restricted to articles published in English, with no publication date restriction (last update 2010). Review Methods: In this review article, we approach the factors for a cytologic diagnosis during OSCC development and the markers used in modern diagnostic technologies as well. We also reviewed available studies of the combined effects of alcohol drinking and genetic polymorphisms on alcohol-related cancer risk. Results: The interaction of smoking and alcohol significantly increases the risk for aero-digestive cancers. The interaction between smoking and alcohol consumption seems to be responsible for a significant amount of disease. Conclusion: Published scientific data show promising pathways for the future development of more effective prognosis. There is a clear need for new prognostic indicators, which could be used in diagnostics and, therefore a better selection of the most effective treatment can be achieved

Perspectives of San Juan healthcare practitioners on the detection deficit in oral premalignant and early cancers in Puerto Rico: a qualitative research study

<p>Abstract</p> <p>Background</p> <p>In Puerto Rico, relative to the United States, a disparity exists in detecting oral precancers and early cancers. To identify factors leading to the deficit in early detection, we obtained the perspectives of San Juan healthcare practitioners whose practice could be involved in the detection of such oral lesions.</p> <p>Methods</p> <p>Key informant (KI) interviews were conducted with ten clinicians practicing in or around San Juan, Puerto Rico. We then triangulated our KI interview findings with other data sources, including recent literature on oral cancer detection from various geographic areas, current curricula at the University of Puerto Rico Schools of Medicine and Dental Medicine, as well as local health insurance regulations.</p> <p>Results</p> <p>Key informant-identified factors that likely contribute to the detection deficit include: many practitioners are deficient in knowledge regarding oral cancer and precancer; oral cancer screening examinations are limited regarding which patients receive them and the elements included. In Puerto Rico, specialists generally perform oral biopsies, and patient referral can be delayed by various factors, including government-subsidized health insurance, often referred to as Reforma. Reforma-based issues include often inadequate clinician knowledge regarding Reforma requirements/provisions, diagnostic delays related to Reforma bureaucracy, and among primary physicians, a perceived financial disincentive in referring Reforma patients.</p> <p>Conclusions</p> <p>Addressing these issues may be useful in reducing the deficit in detecting oral precancers and early oral cancer in Puerto Rico.</p

DNA ploidy and proliferative activity in salivary gland tumours

Mithilfe hoch-auflösender DNA-Durchflusszytophotometrie wurden DNA-Ploidie und S-Phasenfraktion (SPF) bei 279 Speicheldrüsentumoren bestimmt. Alle 229 benignen Neoplasien waren diploid; 12 von 50 malignen Tumoren wiesen Zellpopulationen mit aneuploidem DNA-Gehalt auf. Die SPF-Werte der diploiden Malignome waren signifikant höher als bei pleomorphen Adenomen, unterschieden sich jedoch nicht von denen der Zystadenolymphome (Warthin-Tumoren). Während Aneuploidie ein Malignitätsmerkmal darstellt, ist der SPF-Wert für die Dignitätsdiagnostik bei Speicheldrüsentumoren nur von eingeschränktem Nutzen. DNA ploidy and S-Phase fraction (SPF) of 279 salivary gland tumours were analysed using high-resolution DNA flow cytometry. All 229 benign neoplasms were diploid while 12 of 50 malignant tumours showed cell populations with aneuploid DNA content. The SPF values of diploid malignancies were significantly higher if compared with pleomorphic adenomas but did not differ from that of the zystadenolymphoma (Warthin tumour) group. While aneuploidy represents a distinct indicator of malignancy SPF values are of minor relevance for dignity assessment in salivary gland tumours

EpCAM Expression und Funktion in Primärkarzinomen und disseminierten Tumorzellen des Oesophagus

Epitheliales Zelladhäsionsmolekül EpCAM ist ein Tumor-assoziiertes Antigen, welches in einer Vielzahl von Karzinomen und Krebsstammzellen stark exprimiert wird. EpCAM hat eine duale Funktion in der Regulation der Zelladhäsion und der Zellproliferation, und ist ein Zielmolekül für adjuvante Tumortherapien unter Verwendung spezifischer Antikörper.In einer Kohorte von Patienten mit primären Ösophaguskarzinomen (n=108) korrelierte die starke Expression von EpCAM mit einer signifikant reduzierten Überlebensrate. Parallel wurde ein Verlust der EpCAM Expression auf disseminierten Tumorzellen (DTCs) im Knochenmark von Patienten mit stark EpCAM exprimierenden Primärkarzinomen in 71,5% der Fälle beobachtet. EpCAM-positive DTCs korrelierten jedoch zu 100% mit dem Auftreten von Lymphknotenmetastasen und mit einem stark reduzierten Überleben im Vergleich zu DTCs mit einer schwachen oder fehlenden EpCAM Expression. In vitro (Zell-basierte Assays) und in vivo (Xenotransplantationsmodellen) konnten wir eine EpCAM-abhängige, gesteigerte Proliferation von Ösophaguskarzinomzellen und ein höheres Tumorgewicht nach Transplantation nachweisen. Eine siRNA/shRNA-vermittelte Reduktion der Expression von EpCAM zeigte eine hemmende Wirkung auf die Proliferation und das Tumorwachstum, einhergehend mit einem Wechsel des epithelialen zu einem mesenchymalen Phänotyp. Dieser als EMT (Epithelial-to-Mesenchal-Transition) bezeichnete Vorgang konnte sowohl molekularbiologisch als auch funktionell anhand der verstärkten Expression von Vimentin und N-Cadherin bzw. der gesteigerten Migration und Invasion der Zellen weiter charakterisiert werden. Somit konnte eine dynamische Expression des Zielantigens EpCAM in der Tumorprogression gezeigt werden.Der Erstautor gibt keinen Interessenkonflikt an