ЭФФЕКТИВНОСТЬ ВАКЦИНОПРОФИЛАКТИКИ ПНЕВМОКОККОВОЙ ИНФЕКЦИИ У ДЕТЕЙ С ПРИМЕНЕНИЕМ ПНЕВМОКОККОВОЙ КОНЪЮГИРОВАННОЙ 7-ВАЛЕНТНОЙ ВАКЦИНЫ

An assessment of pneumococcal infection immunization efficacy for 108 children 1-4 years of age using conjugated 7-valent vaccine has been conducted. Comparative analysis of the upper airways’ infections morbidity rate in children vaccinated and not vaccinated against pneumococcal infection is given. Prospective 1-year observation of children indicated high vaccinal prevention efficacy: multiplicity of acute respiratory diseases in children, including the period of adaptation to children’s preschool educational institutions, disease duration and number of disease cases requiring antibacterial therapy reduced considerably, the frequency of acute otitis media and the number of acute otitis media relapses in children also reduced.Выполнена оценка эффективности иммунизации 108 детей в возрасте от 1 года до 4 лет от пневмококковой инфекции с применением конъюгированной 7-валентной вакцины. Представлен сравнительный анализ заболеваемости инфекциями дыхательных путей детей, вакцинированных от пневмококковой инфекции и невакцинированных. Проспективное наблюдение за детьми в течение 1 года свидетельствовало о высокой эффективности иммунопрофилактики: существенно снизились кратность острых респираторных инфекций у детей, в том числе в период адаптации к детским дошкольным образовательным учреждениям, длительность одного заболевания и число случаев заболеваний, требующих применения антибактериальной терапии, уменьшилась частота возникновения острого среднего отита и количество рецидивов острого среднего отита у детей.

Association of smoking status and smoking intensity with general and abdominal obesity in a sample of middle-aged men

Aim. To assess the association of smoking status and smoking intensity with general and abdominal obesity in a sample of middle-a ged men.Material and methods. This study was conducted as a part of the 32-year prospective cohort observation of males from childhood (11-12 years of age). The study included 301 (30,0%) representatives of the initial population sample aged 41-44 years. Age, anthropometric parameters, relationship of smoking status and smoking intensity with general (overweight/obesity) and abdominal obesity were analyzed.Results. Overweight/obesity were more common in former smokers (78,1%) compared with non-smokers (58,7%; p<0,01). Abdominal obesity, estimated by the waist circumference (WC), was detected more often among former (57,5%) and current smokers (50,7%), and abdominal obesity, estimated by the waist-to-hip ratio, was more common among current smokers, compared with non-smokers (37,0%; p<0,01, p<0,05 and p<0,05 respectively). A direct linear relationship was found between the intensity of current smoking and indicators of abdominal obesity in terms of waist-to-hip ratio (P for trend=0,004) and a direct linear relationship between intensity of former smoking and general obesity estimated by BMI (P for trend = 0,001), and abdominal obesity estimated by waist-tohip ratio (P for trend=0,004). The probability of developing abdominal obesity in current smokers with WC≥94,0 cm and with waist-to-hip ratio ≥0,9 was 1,8 and 2 times higher, respectively, than in non-smokers, but lower compared to former smokers. The risk of overweight/obesity and abdominal obesity in former smokers was 2,5 and 2,3 times higher, respectively, than in non-smokers. The 10-year risk of fatal CVD in nonsmokers and former smokers was lower than in current smokers (0,8% and 0,9% vs 1,8%; p<0,001 and p<0,001, respectively).Conclusion. High intensity of smoking among current smokers is associated with a higher probability of developing abdominal obesity, and in former smokers — with a higher probability of developing general and abdominal obesity. Former smokers, compared to current smokers, are at a lower risk of developing fatal cardiovascular diseases. Smoking cessation activities should be aimed at minimizing weight gain after quitting smoking and developing tobacco control programs