Microbiological Monitoring in the System of Epidemiological Surveillance of Purulent-Septic Infections in a Multidisciplinary Hospital

The purpose of the research was to study epidemiological manifestations and etiological structure of sepsis in a multidisciplinary hospital for children.Materials and methods. An analysis of cases of 85 patients with a diagnosis of sepsis hospitalized in a multidisciplinary hospital at the regional level (Irkutsk) for the period 2013–2018 was carried out.Results and discussion. The most affected age groups are children under one year old (23.5 %) and from one year to two years (29.4 %). During the study period, 572 bacterial and fungal cultures, represented by 19 types of microorganisms, playing a leading role in the formation of the microbial ecology of the hospital, were isolated from patients with GPSI. In the structure of the GPSI microflora, gram-negative microorganisms are found in 49.8 % of cases, grampositive microbiota – in 30.1 %, fungi account for one fifth of all positive findings. A. baumannii and P. aeruginosa were sown more often from blood, sputum and abdominal cavity, and S. aureus and A. baumannii were the most frequent pathogens from wounds. The largest number of enterococci is isolated from urine.Conclusions. The etiological factor in the development of nosocomial GPSI in most cases is gram-negative microorganisms – A. baumanii (39.9 %), P. aeruginosa (20.7 %), K. pneumoniae (23.1 %). At the same time, in recent years, fungi have become increasingly important in the etiology of septic conditions

THE ROLE OF CLOPIDOGREL IN PATIENTS WITH ACUTE CORONARY SYNDROME AFTER THE EMERGENCE OF MORE POWERFUL INHIBITORS OF P2Y12 RECEPTOR

The role of P2Y12 receptor blocker clopidogrel after the introduction into clinical practice of new, more powerful and stable operating drugs belonging to this class of antiplatelet agents is discussed. The advantages and disadvantages of each of the currently used antiplatelet drugs that block the receptor P2Y12 are reviewed. On the basis of the analysis concludes that, despite the emergence of new antiplatelet agents clopidogrel, appears to be widely used for a long time in the treatment of patients with acute coronary syndrome and / or after coronary stenting. This is primarily due to the presence of large evidence base, and confirmation of safety of long-term therapy clopidogrel.</p

A study of a complex of bioactive compounds in the fruits of promising blue honeysuckle (<i>Lonicera caerulea</i> L.) cultivars

Background. Blue honeysuckle (Lonicera caerulea L.) is a valuable source of bioactive compounds (BAC) of polyphenolic nature and rare for horticultural berries iridoids, which have antioxidant, anti-inflammatory, antimicrobial and other properties and are widely used in the food, medical and cosmetic industries.Materials and methods. The berries of 20 released honeysuckle cultivars of Russian, Canadian and U.S. origin, reproduced at the I.V. Michurin Federal Science Center in Tambov Province, were studied for the content of the main BAC groups using modern methods (spectrophotometry, HPLC-UV, HPLC-RID, and HPLC-DAD-MS).Results and discussion. The main BAC groups (the content and profile of anthocyanins, proanthocyanidins, flavonols and flavones, hydroxycinnamic acids (HCA), iridoids, and organic acids) as well as mono- and disaccharides were studied in detail. A comparative study of the biological value of domestic and foreign honeysuckle cultivars was carried out.Conclusions. The study resulted in identifying the most promising cultivars of honeysuckle according to the content of the main BAC groups

Squamous cell carcinoma antigen in early-stage uterine cervical cancer

Uterine cervical cancer is one of the main actual problems of oncology. Squamous cell carcinoma antigen (SCCA) use for diagnostics and control of the efficiency of treatment. Results of investigations allow estimating diagnostic significance of method. Study aim. Estimate diagnostic significance of SCCA method in complex diagnostic of uterine cervical cancer. Material and methods. The level of squamous cell carcinoma antigen has been determined in women with CIN III, carcinoma in citu and different stages of uterine cervical cancer. The CanAg SCC EIA analysis set has been used. Results. Reveal significant differences between patients groups with early-stage uterine cervical cancer. Conclusion. Increasing of uterine cervical cancer morbidity determines the SCCA-test as essential part of diagnostic algorithm.Рак шейки матки (РШМ) до настоящего времени остается одной из актуальных проблем онкогинекологии. Для диагностики и контроля эффективности терапии РШМ используется антиген плоскоклеточной карциномы (SCCA). Результаты исследования позволят оценить диагностическую значимость метода. Цель исследования: Оценить диагностическую значимость лабораторного метода определения антигена плоскоклеточной карциномы в сыворотке крови при комплексной диагностике предрака и РШМ. Материалы и методы: Определяли уровень антигена плоскоклеточной карциномы в сыворотке крови женщин с диагнозами: тяжелая интраэпителиальная неоплазия, карцинома in situ, плоскоклеточный рак шейки матки на различных стадиях, до лечения и после лечения. Для определения уровня онкомаркера использовалась тест-система CanAg SCC EIA. Результаты исследования: Выявлены достоверно значимые отличия значений уровней онкомаркеров в группах больных на ранних стадиях заболевания при инвазивных формах рака и после лечения. Заключение: Продолжающийся рост заболеваемости раком шейки матки определяет необходимость включения в скрининговые программы определения уровня антигена плоскоклеточной карциномы для ранней диагностики и прогноза течения данной патологии

АЛГОРИТМ ВЕДЕНИЯ БОЛЬНЫХ С ПРЕДПОЛАГАЕМЫМ ЗАКРЫТЫМ ПОВРЕЖДЕНИЕМ СЕРДЦА

Abstract. Contemporary algorithm of diagnostic examination of patients with suspected blunt cardiac trauma is presented. General aspects of monitoring and treatment of such patients are also discussed. Резюме. В статье рассмотрен современный алгоритм обследования пострадавших, у которых предполагается закрытое повреждение сердца. Освещены также общие подходы к наблюдению и лечению пострадавших с закрытым повреждением сердца.

Localization and Superconductivity in Doped Semiconductors

Motivated by the discovery of superconductivity in boron-doped (B-doped) diamond, we investigate the localization and superconductivity in heavily doped semiconductors. The competition between Anderson localization and s-wave superconductivity is investigated from the microscopic point of view. The effect of microscopic inhomogeneity and the thermal fluctuation in superconductivity are taken into account using the self-consistent 1-loop-order theory with respect to superconducting fluctuation. The crossover from superconductivity in the host band to that in the impurity band is described on the basis of the disordered three-dimensional attractive Hubbard model for binary alloys. We show that superconductor-insulator transition (SIT) accompanies the crossover. We point out an enhancement of Cooper pairing in the crossover regime. Further localization of the electron wave function gives rise to incoherent Cooper pairs and the pseudogap above T_c. A global phase diagram is drawn for host band superconductivity, impurity band superconductivity, Anderson localization, Fermi liquid state, and pseudogap state. A theoretical interpretation is proposed for superconductivity in the doped diamond, SiC, and Si.Comment: Final version for publication. To appear in J. Phys. Soc. Jpn. (2009) No.

FEATURES OF SYSTEMIC IMMUNITY IN PATIENTS WITH A PRIMARY “DRY EYE” SYNDROME

Fifty patients with primary "dry eye" syndrome underwent examination of systemic immunity including the determination of cell populations and subsets of CD3+, CD4+, CD8+, CD16+, CD20+ lymphocytes; measurements of major immunoglobulins: IgA, IgM, IgG; circulatory immune complexes (CIC); rheumatoid factor, antibodies to denatured and nondenatured DNA, and phagocytic index. When compared to relatively healthy subjects (n = 30), the patients, showed decreased contents of CD3+ and CD4+T-lymphocytes, increased IgM and CIC concentrations, along with presence of autoantibodies in blood. Moreover, some variable changes were revealed in the quantities of CD8+ cytotoxic T-lymphocytes, and the values of immunoregulatory index (IRI). As based on immunologic findings, with regard of CIC contents, autoantibody titers and IRI values, we have discerned four types of primary "dry eye" syndrome, i.e., simple, cytotoxic, CIC-positive, and Sjogren's syndrome. The changes of systemic immunity in the patients with different etiology of primary "dry eye" syndrome should be considered when elaborating therapeutic strategies and aiming for prophylaxis of immunologic disorders in such a cohort of patients

Evaluation of Development of the Strategic Partnership of the University in the Context of the Network Approach

The article is a research one. In the context of knowledge economy development modern universities witness increased importance of partner relations with different market participants. High degree of society informatization, integration and globalization trends lead to the development in the field of network cooperation forms. When choosing strategies oriented towards cooperation and partnership most universities face the need for evaluating the development of strategic interaction from the point of view of their influence on university performance and ensuring competiveness in the modern context. The aim of his work is in developing methods for evaluating university strategic partnership development that would consider their network characteristics and influence on key university performance indicators. Suggested methods allow for defining strategic partnership development efficacy at three levels: with each participant or group of participants; basic interaction areas (education, research, social) and a university level. It includes algorithm of conducting evaluation from the point of view of different sages of partnership development mechanism, principles of evaluation criteria selection, system of network effect indicators. Obtained results (the level of partnership relations) allow for identifying problems and perspective areas for network relations development, improve the quality of management decisions in the field of university strategic partnership development as one of key factors in ensuring its competitiveness.Статья по типу является исследовательской. В контексте развития экономики знаний для современных моделей университетов возрастает значимость партнерских отношений с различными участниками рынка. В свою очередь, высокая степень информатизации общества, тенденции интеграции и глобализации приводят к развитию в сфере образования сетевых форм взаимодействия. При выборе стратегий, ориентированных на сотрудничество и партнерство, большинство университетов сталкивается с необходимостью оценки развития стратегических взаимодействий с позиции их влияния на результативность функционирования университета, а также обеспечения его конкурентоспособности в современных условиях. Цель данной работы заключается в разработке методики оценки развития стратегических партнерств университета, учитывающей их сетевой характер и воздействие на ключевые показатели университета. Предложенная методика позволяет определять результативность развития стратегических партнерств по трем уровням: с каждым участником или однородной группой участников, по основным сферам взаимодействий (образовательная, научно-исследовательская, социальная) и в целом по университету. Она включает в себя алгоритм проведения оценки в разрезе этапов организационного механизма развития партнерства, принципы отбора оцениваемых показателей, систему показателей оценки сетевых эффектов. Полученные результаты (уровень партнерских отношений) позволяют выявлять проблемы и перспективные направления развития сетевых взаимодействий, повышать качество управленческих решений в области развития стратегического партнерства университета как одного из условий обеспечения его конкурентоспособности

THE ROLE OF CLOPIDOGREL IN PATIENTS WITH ACUTE CORONARY SYNDROME AFTER THE EMERGENCE OF MORE POWERFUL INHIBITORS OF P2Y12 RECEPTOR

The role of P2Y12 receptor blocker clopidogrel after the introduction into clinical practice of new, more powerful and stable operating drugs belonging to this class of antiplatelet agents is discussed. The advantages and disadvantages of each of the currently used antiplatelet drugs that block the receptor P2Y12 are reviewed. On the basis of the analysis concludes that, despite the emergence of new antiplatelet agents clopidogrel, appears to be widely used for a long time in the treatment of patients with acute coronary syndrome and / or after coronary stenting. This is primarily due to the presence of large evidence base, and confirmation of safety of long-term therapy clopidogrel.</p

THE EFFICACY OF COMBINED BIOMARKER TESTS IN EARLY DIAGNOSTICS OF ACUTE MYOCARDIAL INFARCTION AFTER CLINICAL SYMPTOMS ONSET: ROLE OF HEART-TYPE FATTY ACID-BINDING PROTEIN

Aim. To evaluate the diagnostic value of heart-type fatty acid-binding protein (H-FABP) introduction to standard cardiac biomarkers in diagnostics of myocardial infarction (MI) early after clinical symptoms onset. Material and methods. Patients aged 18 years and older admitted to the hospital with acute coronary syndrome (ACS) during first 6 hours after ACS symptoms onset were enrolled into the study. At hospitalization level of biomarkers of myocardial damage (creatine phosphokinase-MB fraction - CPK-MB, troponin T) and qualitative tests on FABP were assessed in all patients. Serum troponin T concentration measured in 12 hours after the hospitalization was used to confirm diagnosis of MI. Moreover , diagnosis of MI was verified by echocardiography with the assessment of local reduction in myocardial contractility. Results. 101 patients were included into the study (27% female; aged 59.9±12.4). At the moment of hospitalization 71 (70%) patients were diagnosed with ACS with ST-segment elevation, and 30 (30%) patients - ACS without ST-segment elevation. In total, period between clinical symptoms onset and hospitalization was 3.6±1.4 hours. Analysis of diagnostic value of tests during the first 6 hours after ACS symptoms onset showed higher sensitivity of H-FABP in comparison with troponin T and CPK-MB (72.5, 56.2 and 49.5%, respectively). Specificity of these tests during the first 6 hours after onset of clinical signs of ACS was 90, 100 и 90%, respectively.  Sensitivity and specificity were 87.7 and 100.0%, respectively , when H-FABP , troponin T and CPK-MB were used in combination as a “block test” in patients hospitalized during the first 6 hours after ACS symptoms onset. Sensitivity and specificity were 74.3 и 100.0%, respectively , when “block test” was used in patients hospitalized during the first 3 hours after ACS symptoms onset; between 3 and 6 hours after ACS symptoms onset sensitivity and specificity of tests reached 100%. Conclusion. “Block test” with H-FABP , troponin T and CPK-MB early after ACS symptoms onset is more sensitive in comparison with separate use of the tests.</p