Empirical analysis of job satisfaction determinants in Russia

© 2015 Canadian Center of Science and Education. All rights reserved. Investigation into job satisfaction determinants is of high practical relevance since it acts as an indicator of particular groups of employees’ willingness to invest in development of professional competencies and skills. The paper presents results of empirical analysis of determinants of job satisfaction, satisfaction with professional advancement prospects as well as concerns over possible job loss carried out using panel data representing working population of Russia. The main results obtained lead us to the following conclusions. Employment functions as well as financial incentives have the strongest influence over job satisfaction and satisfaction with professional advancement prospects, while respondents representing all professions reviewed are generally equally concerned with possible job loss. Age and length of respondent’s employment are nonlinearly related to satisfaction indicators while gender differences are not significant. Residents of large cities are less frequently satisfied with their jobs and professional advancement prospects; however, they are much less concerned about possible job loss. Those employed by state-owned companies and agencies more frequently express satisfaction with their current positions. The analysis also reveals a distinct decline in job satisfaction level and in satisfaction with professional advancement opportunities in the crisis years of 2009 and 2010

The Influence of Hindlimb Unloading on the Bone Tissue’s Structure

© 2018, Springer Science+Business Media, LLC, part of Springer Nature. The results of numerous studies indicate interactions between antiortostatic support and bone’s tissue. It is known that mechanical, genetic, endocrine, and age-related factors can influence the bones at the same time. Nevertheless, the physiological and pathological mechanisms of interconnection between unloading hindlimb and bones are largely unclear. The purpose of this study is to evaluate the correlation between unloading hindlimb and changes in bone’s tissue. After unloading of the hindlimb during 14 days, femoral bones were collected in order to evaluate the weight, density, and geometrical bone parameters. Additionally, a test with a three-point bending and computed tomography scanning was carried out. Using computed tomography data, fabric tensor was built. From the assumption that the bone tissue is orthotropic (exists a maximum of three mutually orthogonal axes with different material properties), we performed this analysis. Orthotropic properties of the bone tissue were analyzed in assumption that the principal direction of the fabric tensor is coaxial with the axes of orthotropy of the material. It was found that the axes of orthotropy of the bone tissue in the cross section are mostly directed in tangent direction, and after hindlimb unloading, axes of orthotropy rotate 90° (became directed in radial direction). Anisotropy ratio in the cross section changes significantly. Meanwhile, Young’s modulus and ultimate strength decrease. It shows that unloading of the hindlimb aggravates quality of the bone tissue

The Influence of Hindlimb Unloading on Bone and Muscle Tissues in Rat Model

© 2016, Springer Science+Business Media New York.Numerous results indicate on interactions between muscles and bones. Thus, mechanical, genetic, endocrine, and age-related factors influence both tissues at the same time. Nevertheless, the details of physiological mechanisms of interaction between muscles and bones are still unclear. The purpose of this study was to evaluate the changes in low extremity muscles and bones during gravitational hindlimb unloading in rats. After hindlimb unloading during 7, 14, 21, and 30 days, muscles from the low extremities were collected and measured to estimate the muscle weight and perform cross-sectional analysis. Femoral bones were collected in order to evaluate weight, density, and geometrical parameters of the bone. Additionally, a test with a three-point bending was carried out to evaluate biomechanical bone properties. Results show that loss of muscle weight can be observed already at 1 week of hindlimb unloading with the maximum changes at 14 days. Changes in bone tissue showed the maximum loss of bone weight at 21 day. By 30 days of unloading, the density and rigidity of a bone were decreased; however, the most profound changes were observed in reduction of bone durability. These data support a hypothesis that the atrophy of skeletal muscles may promote the subsequent bone deterioration

Thermal chamber for material testing

© Published under licence by IOP Publishing Ltd. The problem of ensuring the correct conduct of the experiment with preservation of the required temperature is considered. The construction of the device is proposed that will allow satisfying the conditions for carrying out tensile tests with an increased or lowered sample temperature

Bone Stress-Strain State Evaluation Using CT Based FEM

Nowadays, the use of a digital prototype in numerical modeling is one of the main approaches to calculating the elements of an inhomogeneous structure under the influence of external forces. The article considers a finite element analysis method based on computed tomography data. The calculations used a three-dimensional isoparametric finite element of a continuous medium developed by the authors with a linear approximation, based on weighted integration of the local stiffness matrix. The purpose of this study is to describe a general algorithm for constructing a numerical model that allows static calculation of objects with a porous structure according to its computed tomography data. Numerical modeling was carried out using kinematic boundary conditions. To evaluate the results obtained, computational and postprocessor grids were introduced. The qualitative assessment of the modeling data was based on the normalized error. Three-point bending of bone specimens of the pig forelimbs was considered as a model problem. The numerical simulation results were compared with the data obtained from a physical experiment. The relative error ranged from 3 to 15%, and the crack location, determined by the physical experiment, corresponded to the area where the ultimate strength values were exceeded, determined by numerical modeling. The results obtained reflect not only the effectiveness of the proposed approach, but also the agreement with experimental data. This method turned out to be relatively non-resource-intensive and time-efficient

Empirical analysis of job satisfaction determinants in Russia

© 2015 Canadian Center of Science and Education. All rights reserved. Investigation into job satisfaction determinants is of high practical relevance since it acts as an indicator of particular groups of employees’ willingness to invest in development of professional competencies and skills. The paper presents results of empirical analysis of determinants of job satisfaction, satisfaction with professional advancement prospects as well as concerns over possible job loss carried out using panel data representing working population of Russia. The main results obtained lead us to the following conclusions. Employment functions as well as financial incentives have the strongest influence over job satisfaction and satisfaction with professional advancement prospects, while respondents representing all professions reviewed are generally equally concerned with possible job loss. Age and length of respondent’s employment are nonlinearly related to satisfaction indicators while gender differences are not significant. Residents of large cities are less frequently satisfied with their jobs and professional advancement prospects; however, they are much less concerned about possible job loss. Those employed by state-owned companies and agencies more frequently express satisfaction with their current positions. The analysis also reveals a distinct decline in job satisfaction level and in satisfaction with professional advancement opportunities in the crisis years of 2009 and 2010

Empirical analysis of job satisfaction determinants in Russia

© 2015 Canadian Center of Science and Education. All rights reserved. Investigation into job satisfaction determinants is of high practical relevance since it acts as an indicator of particular groups of employees’ willingness to invest in development of professional competencies and skills. The paper presents results of empirical analysis of determinants of job satisfaction, satisfaction with professional advancement prospects as well as concerns over possible job loss carried out using panel data representing working population of Russia. The main results obtained lead us to the following conclusions. Employment functions as well as financial incentives have the strongest influence over job satisfaction and satisfaction with professional advancement prospects, while respondents representing all professions reviewed are generally equally concerned with possible job loss. Age and length of respondent’s employment are nonlinearly related to satisfaction indicators while gender differences are not significant. Residents of large cities are less frequently satisfied with their jobs and professional advancement prospects; however, they are much less concerned about possible job loss. Those employed by state-owned companies and agencies more frequently express satisfaction with their current positions. The analysis also reveals a distinct decline in job satisfaction level and in satisfaction with professional advancement opportunities in the crisis years of 2009 and 2010

Empirical analysis of job satisfaction determinants in Russia

© 2015 Canadian Center of Science and Education. All rights reserved. Investigation into job satisfaction determinants is of high practical relevance since it acts as an indicator of particular groups of employees’ willingness to invest in development of professional competencies and skills. The paper presents results of empirical analysis of determinants of job satisfaction, satisfaction with professional advancement prospects as well as concerns over possible job loss carried out using panel data representing working population of Russia. The main results obtained lead us to the following conclusions. Employment functions as well as financial incentives have the strongest influence over job satisfaction and satisfaction with professional advancement prospects, while respondents representing all professions reviewed are generally equally concerned with possible job loss. Age and length of respondent’s employment are nonlinearly related to satisfaction indicators while gender differences are not significant. Residents of large cities are less frequently satisfied with their jobs and professional advancement prospects; however, they are much less concerned about possible job loss. Those employed by state-owned companies and agencies more frequently express satisfaction with their current positions. The analysis also reveals a distinct decline in job satisfaction level and in satisfaction with professional advancement opportunities in the crisis years of 2009 and 2010

Finite element modeling of the contact interaction of the acetabular component and acetabulum

© 2019 IOP Publishing Ltd. Degenerative-dystrophic lesions of large joints arethe most common diseases. Up to now, the problem of hip arthroplasty with dysplastic coxarthrosis has not been completely resolved. The most interesting is the modeling of the contact between the cavity and the neck of the thigh. This paper consists of verification algorithm for acetabular component model. Particularly contact displacements and stresses fields are considered. The main idea of this method is comparison between analytical solution and solution which we get by means of the finite element method. This comparison is used to verify contact elements and contact settings between contact and target area. For doing that the nonstationary contact problem with moving boundary conditions had been solved analytical. Algorithm of the verification of this problem is described below

The Influence of Hindlimb Unloading on Bone and Muscle Tissues in Rat Model

© 2016, Springer Science+Business Media New York.Numerous results indicate on interactions between muscles and bones. Thus, mechanical, genetic, endocrine, and age-related factors influence both tissues at the same time. Nevertheless, the details of physiological mechanisms of interaction between muscles and bones are still unclear. The purpose of this study was to evaluate the changes in low extremity muscles and bones during gravitational hindlimb unloading in rats. After hindlimb unloading during 7, 14, 21, and 30 days, muscles from the low extremities were collected and measured to estimate the muscle weight and perform cross-sectional analysis. Femoral bones were collected in order to evaluate weight, density, and geometrical parameters of the bone. Additionally, a test with a three-point bending was carried out to evaluate biomechanical bone properties. Results show that loss of muscle weight can be observed already at 1 week of hindlimb unloading with the maximum changes at 14 days. Changes in bone tissue showed the maximum loss of bone weight at 21 day. By 30 days of unloading, the density and rigidity of a bone were decreased; however, the most profound changes were observed in reduction of bone durability. These data support a hypothesis that the atrophy of skeletal muscles may promote the subsequent bone deterioration