Integral assessment of the social and economic development of megacities in Russia

The relevance of the analyzed issue is due to the existing need for more attention to the problems of large cities, which are the social and economic centers that perform important functions and realize the interests of the population, business and local government. The purpose of this article is to disclose the sources of the urban growth and development, the integrated assessment of the size and spatial distribution of the economic activity, regional planning and the government activity. The leading approaches to the study of this issue are systemic and reproduction, which, along with the use of econometric modeling and statistical analysis, allowed revealing significant shortcomings of the institutional urban management mechanism and proposing a number of measures to correct these shortcomings. The article illustrates the theoretical basis of modeling of large cities as spatial economic systems, determines their sources of growth, gives the characteristic features of the urban development in modern conditions, and proposes a conceptual model of a modern city. The contents of the article may be useful for the development of social and economic development strategies both the urban district, and the region as a whole, since large cities act as a locomotive, and they move the regional economy in the direction of the social and economic well-being. © 2016 Malikh et al

Time management and professional identity of students of pedagogical universities

Topicality of the problem under research is stipulated by the necessity of personal characteristics consideration in the process of organization of educational and vocational activities of the future teachers in the conditions of educational medium, which sets high requirements to the students' time competence. The aim of the article is to study the influence of time management peculiarities on the components of students' professional identity. The primary research method applied was psychodiagnostic testing with further statistical data processing, enabling quantitative assessment of formedness of time competence and professional identity in students of a pedagogical university, as well as establishing the interaction character of the phenomena of interest. Research results: in the article peculiarities of students time management within different stages of professional identity are presented, and the interconnection between time competence and professional identity components is considered. Based on empirical data, there can be drawn a conclusion that time competence development will facilitate formation of professional identity for the future professionals. Received results can find practical implementation in development of programs for psychological follow-up of professional formation of student's identity in the system of university education. © 2016 Lebedeva et al

Transformations in the grain boundary ensemble of M1 copper subjected to equal-channel angular pressing during recrystallization annealing

The grain structure of M1 copper subjected to equal-channel angular pressing (ECAP) and subsequent annealing at 593K for 1 h is studied by means of transmission electron microscopy and scanning electron microscopy with the diffraction of backscattered electron

catena-Poly[neodymium(III)-bis­[μ-N-(dimorpholinophosphor­yl)benzene­sulfonamidato]-sodium(I)-bis­[μ-N-(dimorpholinophosphor­yl)benzene­sulfonamidato]]

The cubic crystal structure of the title compound, [NaNd(C14H21N3O5PS)4]n, is composed of one-dimensional polymeric chains propagating in [100], built up from [Nd(C14H21N3O5PS)4]− anions and sodium cations functioning as linkers. In the complex anion, the Nd3+ ion has an eightfold coordination environment formed by the sulfonyl and phosphoryl O atoms of four bidentate chelating N-(dimorpholinophosphor­yl)benzene­sulfonamidate ligands: the resulting NdO8 polyhedron can be described as inter­mediate between dodeca­hedral and square anti­prismatic. The sodium ion adopts an NaO4 tetra­hedral geometry arising from four monodentate benzene­sulfonamidate ligands. The resulting crystal structure is unusual because it contains substantial voids (800 Å3 per unit cell), within which there is no evidence of included solvent

DIAGNOSTICS OF HELICOBACTER PYLORI INFECTION BY ENZYME IMMUNOASSAY IN PATIENTS WITH CALCULOUS CHOLECYSTITIS

In recentyears, the interest in the significance of Helicobacter pylori in various pathological processes is growing. The most studied is the role of Helicobacter pylori in gastroduodenal pathology. Gallstone disease is one of the most common diseases of the digestive system. Inflammatory changes in the biliary tract aggravate the clinical course of gallstone disease both in the preoperative and in the postoperative period and cause strictures, deformations of the extra hepatic bile ducts in the long term. One of the most threatening complications of gallstone disease is acute cholecystitis. Determination of IgG to Helicobacter pylori in complex diagnosis is important in patients with calculous cholecystitis. We conducted a prospective study of patients (n = 105) aged 30 to 50 years, suffering from different variants of calculous cholecystitis, in the preoperative and postoperative period by enzyme immunoassay. Enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay is reliable, affordable, least invasive method for diagnosing H. pylori infection. In patients with calculous cholecystitis, we marked a significant increase in IgG antibodies to Helicobacter pylori before surgical intervention and a subsequent reduction 10 days after it. Diagnosis of Helicobacter pylori infection of the gallbladder increases therapeutic efficiency and helps to develop preventive measures for complications of gallstone disease

Molecular-genetic mechanisms of the interaction between processes of cell response to mechanical stress and neuronal apoptosis in primary open-angle glaucoma

Glaucoma is a chronic and progressive disease, which affects more than 60 million people worldwide. Primary open-angle glaucoma (POAG) is one of the most common forms of glaucoma. For example, about 2.71 million people in the USA had primary open-angle glaucoma in 2011. Currently POAG is a major cause of irreversible vision loss. In patients with treated open-angle glaucoma the risk of blindness reached to be about 27 %. It is known that the death of optic nerve cells can be triggered by mechanical stress caused by increased intraocular pressure, which induces neuronal apoptosis and is observed in patients with POAG. Currently, there is a large number of scientific publications describing proteins and genes involved in the pathogenesis of POAG, including neuronal apoptosis and the cell response to mechanical stress. However, the molecular- genetic mechanisms underlying the pathophysiology of POAG are still poorly understood. Reconstruction of associative networks describing the functional interactions between these genes/proteins, including biochemical reactions, regulatory interactions, transport, etc., requires the use of methods of automated knowledge extraction from texts of scientific publications. The aim of the work was the analysis of associative networks, describing the molecular-genetic interactions between proteins and genes involved in cell response to mechanical stress (CRMS), neuronal apoptosis and pathogenesis of POAG using ANDSystem, our previous development for automated text analysis. It was shown that genes associated with POAG are statistically significantly more often represented among the genes involved in the interactions between CRMS and neuronal apoptosis than it was expected by random reasons, which can be an explanation for the effect of POAG leading to the retinal ganglion cell death

Surface modification of electrodes by carbon nanotubes and gold and silver nanoparticles in monoaminoxidase biosensors for the determination of some antidepressants

© 2017, Pleiades Publishing, Ltd.Surface modification of screen-printed graphite electrodes with nanostructured materials (multiwall carbon nanotubes, gold and silver nanoparticles) allow their application as supports of amperometric monoaminoxidase biosensors for the determination of antidepressant drugs (moclobemide, tianeptine, and amitriptyline). This approach improves analytical characteristics of the corresponding biosensors because of the inhibitory effect of antidepressants (two-parameter concerted inhibition) on the catalytic activity of an immobilized enzyme. The analytical capabilities of the developed biosensor types were compared. The range of working concentrations was from 5 × 10–9 to 1 × 10–4 M and the lower limit of the analytical range was of about 8 × 10–10 M. Biosensors based on electrodes modified with nanostructured materials were tested in the control of the concentration of drugs in body fluids (urine) and dosage forms

Effect of nanostructured materials as electrode surface modifiers on the analytical capacity of amperometric biosensors

© 2015 Pleiades Publishing, Ltd. Effect of multi-walled carbon nanotubes and silver nanoparticles as surface modifiers of screen-printed graphite electrodes, the basis of amperometric monoamine oxidase biosensors, on their analytical characteristics was studied. The presence of carbon nanotubes and silver nanoparticles was confirmed by UV spectroscopy and scanning electron microscopy. The use of the oxidation current of hydrogen peroxide, the product of oxidative deamination of biogenic amines in the presence of immobilized monoamine oxidase as a representative of the class of oxidoreductases, as the analytical signal made it possible to choose the synthesis method and to suggest ways to deposit the modifiers under study on the electrode surface. The curve of the inhibiting effect of tricyclic antidepressants on the catalytic activity of the immobilized enzyme on the solution pH and amount of modifiers was considered. It was found that the lower limit of the determinable concentrations decreases to a level of 4 × 10-9 M, the sensitivity coefficient is improved, and the range of determinable concentrations of amitryptiline and imipramine is extended to 1 × 10-4-1 × 10-8 M. It is shown that the suggested biosensors can be used to monitor the residual amounts of medical substances in urine

Preoperative method of assessment of gallbladder lesion in acute cholecystitis

Background. To date acute cholecystitis remains one of the most common urgent abdominal diseases in which postoperative complications and mortality are possible.The aim. To assess the correlation of gamma-glutamyltranspeptidase and alkaline phosphatase concentrations in blood plasma with the form of acute cholecystitis.Methods. A study of 105 patients with acute calculous cholecystitis, 35 – with chronic calculous cholecystitis (comparison group), who underwent laparoscopic cholecystectomy, was performed. At admission to the hospital, the activity of gammaglutamyltranspeptidase (GGTP) and alkaline phosphatase in blood plasma was determined by kinetic colorimetric method.Results. A direct correlation was revealed between the level of GGTP concentration and the severity of destruction in the gallbladder wall. With catarrhal cholecystitis, it was 340 ± 116.9 U/l (p < 0.05), with phlegmonous – 108.1 ± 29.5 U/l (p < 0.05), with gangrenous – 32.9 ± 7.5 U/l (p < 0.05). Along with this, a direct correlation was revealed between the concentration of alkaline phosphatase and the severity of destruction in the gallbladder wall. In catarrhal cholecystitis, the enzyme activity was 160.3 ± 34.2 U/l (p < 0.05), in phlegmonous – 129.9 ± 14.6 U/l (p < 0.05), in gangrenous – 57 ± 18.5 U/l (p < 0.05).Conclusion. Determination of the concentration of GGTP and alkaline phosphatase in combination with other diagnostic criteria makes it possible to determine the presence of destructive forms of acute cholecystitis with high specificity and sensitivity before surgery

Novel highly charged silica-coated Tb(III) nanoparticles with fluorescent properties sensitive to ion exchange and energy transfer processes in aqueous dispersions

Novel silica-coated Tb(III) nanoparticles with high luminecsence were synthesized using the reverse microemulsion procedure. The quenching of luminescent properties of these nanoparticles can be achieved by ion exchange and energy transfer mechanisms. The quenching through the ion exchange of Tb(III) by H+ or La(III) is time dependent, indicating that the ion exchange is probably diffusion controlled. The quenching by Co(III) complex cations is achieved by the energy transfer mechanism and thus is not time dependent. The analysis of quenching data in Stern-Volmer cooordinates reveal the negative charge of the silica-coated Tb(III)-TCAS nanoparticles and several types of luminophoric species, located within the core and close to the surface of silica nanoparticles. © Copyright 2009 American Chemical Society