Уточнение оценки латентного периода для нейронов с синаптическим взаимодействием

We consider the estimation of the spike delay induced by external sinaptic influence. We propose a first-order estimation for the latent period of synapse coupled spiking neurons.Рассмотрена задача вычисления задержки возникновения индуцированного спайка по отношению к моменту начала синаптического воздействия на импульсный нейрон. Получена асимптотическая оценка, имеющая первый порядок точности по отношению к величине, обратной к значению большого па¬раметра

Принципы построения слоистых нейронных сетей на основе импульсных нейронов

In the article we describe principles of pulse implementation of multilayer neural networks using biologically plausible neurons. It is shown that the multilayer perceptron can be modeled with a neural network composed of pulse neurons using impulse information coding.Описаны принципы построения многослойных нейронных сетей на основе импульсной нейронной сети, составленной из биологически правдоподобных нейронов. Показано, что многослойный перцептрон может быть смоделирован нейронной сетью, состоящей из импульсных нейронов и использующей импульсное кодирование информации

New approaches to registration and conservation of domestic cultivars of berry crops in the VIR Genebank on the example of red raspberry and black currant

A collection of nomenclatural standards is being created at VIR for domestic cultivars of various crops in accordance with the International Code of Nomenclature for Cultivated Plants (ICNCP). A new complex strategy was proposed for vegetatively propagated crops for registering domestic cultivars received from their authors in the VIR genebank. In addition to the creation of nomenclature standards, the strategy includes the development of a genetic passport of a cultivar and the use of biotechnological methods to preserve explants (buds, meristems) isolated from plant material transferred by breeders to the VIR Herbarium. This approach can be used for any vegetatively propagated crop applying a protocol developed specifically for an individual crop. For raspberry and black currant varieties, the collecting of plant material, its preparation for the registration of nomenclature standards and the preservation of viable samples under controlled in vitro conditions have specific features. This article provides detailed protocols for performing the mentioned work for raspberry and black currant varieties. In addition, the article summarizes the first results of the implementation of our proposed strategy on the example of domestic raspberry and black currant varieties created in various breeding centers of Russia. Three years of joint work of VIR researchers and breeders from four breeding centers in five regions of the country have resulted in creation of nomenclature standards for 20 raspberry varieties, as well as for five black currant varieties bred at VIR. Thirteen samples of raspberry varieties and four of black currant varieties, genetically identical to nomenclature standards, were introduced into in vitro culture; four raspberry cultivars have been placed in the VIR cryobank for the long-term cryopreservation

Исправления и дополнения к статье «Поправка к периоду решения уравнения, моделирующего динамику мембранного потенциала

In this paper we present a corrected version of the theorem from the article "A Correction For Period Of Oscillation In The Model Of Spiking Neuron", in which a new first-order estimation for the oscillation period in the difference-differential model of the spiking neuron was obtained.Представлен исправленный вариант формулировки и доказательства теоремы из статьи «Поправка к периоду решения уравнения, моделирующего динамику мембранного потенциала нейрона», в которой была получена оценка первого порядка точности для периода решения уравнения с запаздыванием, моделирующего биологический нейрон

Cryopreservation of raspberry cultivar accessions bred in Russia from the VIR <i>in vitro</i> collection

Cryobanks use plant cryocollections for long-term preservation of crops which cannot be preserved in seed collections. These are vegetatively propagated crops, accessions of species which form either a small amount of seeds, or recalcitrant seeds. Shoot tips (apexes) of in vitro plants are used for cryopreservation for most berry crops, therefore maintenance of in vitro collections is very important. The VIR in vitro collection includes 150 accessions of Rubus L. species, 85 of them are raspberry cultivars, 59 of which were bred in Russia. These cultivars reflect a wide ecogeographic diversity. Among them, there are raspberry cultivars created at the end of the 19th – first half of the 20th centuries, including cultivars bred by I.V. Michurin and by the pioneer of northern horticulture V.V. Spirin. More than half of national raspberry varieties (33) are listed in the State Register for Selection Achievements Admitted for Usage. Raspberry cultivars from Russian breeding programs have a very limited representation in foreign genebanks. The first aim of the present work was cryopreservation of mostly folk and old Russian raspberry cultivars received by VIR from 1925 till 1950 and their transfer into the cryobank. The second aim of the work was to monitor post-cryogenic regeneration of raspberry cultivars transferred to the cryobank earlier. A modified protocol of the droplet vitrification method by “DV-biotech” was used for cryopreservation of shoot tips of in vitro plants of 10 raspberry cultivars (7 of which are folk and old Russian ones) from the VIR in vitro collection. Post-cryogenic regeneration was evaluated for 17 raspberry cultivars preserved in the cryobank from one to five years. Ten raspberry cultivars (900 apexes) with an average mean post-cryoregenic regeneration value of 38.2±3.0% determined in control tests, were placed in the cryobank for long-term storage. A statistically significant effect of the genotype on the viability of explants after cryopreservation was noted, while the post-cryogenic regeneration was genotype insensitive. Additionally, levels of post-cryogenic regeneration were evaluated for 17 raspberry cultivars (296 apexes) preserved in the cryobank from one to five years. Post-cryogenic regeneration within the 20-70% range was displayed by four raspberry cultivars preserved in the cryobank for one year, and for 8 cultivars conserved there from three to five years post-cryogenic regeneration was within the 10-50% range. According to the results of monitoring, regeneration displayed by 12 raspberry cultivars was within the 10-70% range, which can be considered as a reliable rate of apex preservation in liquid nitrogen vapors in the VIR cryobank. Monitoring of the post-cryogenic regeneration of the raspberry accessions preserved in the VIR cryobank and cryopreservation of new raspberry cultivars will be continued

Molecular markers in the genetic diversity studies of representatives of the genus <i>Rubus</i> L. and prospects of their application in breeding

According to estimates of various taxonomists, the genus Rubus L. (Rosaceae Juss.) consists of 12-16 subgenera comprising ~750 species. The two largest subgenera are Idaeobatus (Focke) Focke, which includes raspberries, and the type subgenus Rubus (=Eubatus Focke), which contains blackberry species. Representatives of the genus Rubus have high nutritional and economic values, as well as medicinal properties. Breeding programs are aimed at broadening genetic diversity and creating new varieties of raspberries and blackberries that are resistant to biotic and abiotic stressors and have high fruit quality. Modern breeding and genetic programs increasingly use the achievements of molecular genetics and genomics. This paper reviews the literature data on the application of molecular markers in fundamental and applied research aimed at studying the genetic diversity of cultivated and wild species of the genus Rubus. The review describes the main types of molecular markers (RFLP, RAPD, SCoT, SSR, ISSR, AFLP, SCAR, SSCP) and their application for studying the species of the genus Rubus. The results of the work on the use of DNA markers for solving different tasks are presented, including: studying the phylogenetic relationships of species, clarifying controversial issues of taxonomy, analyzing interspecific and intraspecific diversity, genotyping and pedigree analysis of raspberry and blackberry varieties, studying somaclonal variation and others. The most important applied result is the development of molecular genetic maps for raspberry and blackberry species, on which numerous genes and QTLs conferring various valuable traits have been mapped. At the same time, the number of markers that are promising for effective molecular screening is still insufficient

Импульсный нейрон и нейронный клеточный автомат асимптотически эквивалентны

In the article, it is established the asymptotic equivalence of dynamics of the neural networks consisting of the impulse neurons and the neural networks built of the neural cellular automata of different kinds (autogenerators and detectors). Such an equivalence takes place for appropriate parameters values and non-intersection of input impacts for each neuron. In the first chapter, we describe the model of impulse autogenerator neuron and two different models of impulse detector neuron. For these models, we prove statements about duration of the latent period for a neuron under impact. In the second chapter, we describe the model of a neural cellular automaton with autogenerator dynamics and a modification of this model with detector dynamics. For these models, we also prove statements about the latent period for a neural automaton under impact. In the third chapter, we prove some statements about asymptotic equivalence of the impulse neurons and neural cellular automata of different kinds.В работе установлена асимптотическая эквивалентность динамики нейронных сетей, состоящих из импульсных нейронов и нейронных клеточных автоматов различных типов (автогенераторов и детекторов) при соответствующем выборе их параметров и при условии неналожения входных воздействий на каждый нейрон. В первом разделе описаны модель импульсного нейрона-автогенератора и две различные модели импульсного нейрона-детектора. Для этих моделей доказываются утверждения относительно величины латентного периода нейрона при единичном внешнем воздействии. Во втором разделе описана модель нейронного клеточного автомата с автогенераторной динамикой и модификация этой модели, имеющая детекторную динамику. Для этих моделей также доказываются утверждения относительно латентного периода нейронного автомата, находящегося под внешним воздействием. В третьем разделе для импульсных нейронов и нейронных клеточных автоматов различных типов сформулированы и доказаны утверждения относительно условий их асимптотической эквивалентности

Сегментация клинических эндоскопических изображений, основанная на классификации векторных топологических признаков

In this work, we describe a prototype of an automatic segmentation system and annotation of endoscopy images. The used algorithm is based on the classification of vectors of the topological features of the original image. We use the image processing scheme which includes image preprocessing, calculation of vector descriptors defined for every point of the source image and the subsequent classification of descriptors. Image preprocessing includes finding and selecting artifacts and equalizating the image brightness. In this work, we give the detailed algorithm of the construction of topological descriptors and the classifier creating procedure based on mutual sharing the AdaBoost scheme and a naive Bayes classifier. In the final section, we show the results of the classification of real endoscopic images.В работе описан прототип системы автоматической сегментации и аннотирования эндоскопических изображений. Используемый алгоритм основан на классификации векторов топологических признаков исходного изображения. Мы используем схему обработки изображений, которая включает в себя предобработку изображения, вычисление векторных дескрипторов, определенных для каждой точки изображения, и дальнейшую классификацию дескрипторов. Процедура предобработки изображения включает выделение артефактов и выравнивание яркости изображения. В работе подробно описан алгоритм построения топологических дескрипторов и процедура построения классификатора, основанная на совместном использовании схемы AdaBoost и наивного байесова классификатора. В заключительном разделе приведены результаты классификации реальных эндоскопических изображений

Towards a More Complete and Accurate Experimental Nuclear Reaction Data Library (EXFOR): International Collaboration Between Nuclear Reaction Data Centres (NRDC)

The International Network of Nuclear Reaction Data Centres (NRDC) coordinated by the IAEA Nuclear Data Section (NDS) is successfully collaborating in the maintenance and development of the EXFOR library. As the scope of published data expands (e.g., to higher energy, to heavier projectile) to meet the needs from the frontier of sciences and applications, it becomes nowadays a hard and challenging task to maintain both completeness and accuracy of the whole EXFOR library. The paper describes evolution of the library with highlights on recent developments.Comment: 4 pages, 2 figure