Ethical and Legal Issues of Interaction between a Defence Lawyer and a Prosecutor during the Criminal Trial

The institutions of the prosecution and defence are recognised as equitable related institutions that facilitate the activities of the judiciary. The consolidation of the new status of the institution of defence in the judicial system necessitates the study of new forms of communication between the defence and the court, the principles of such interaction, including the consideration of international standards and European experience. The novelty of the study is determined by the fact that interaction between a defence lawyer and a prosecutor can only be within the framework of a court session and any exchange of information can be performed only if full publicity is achieved in the process of interaction between a defence lawyer and a prosecutor. The authors show that interaction is carried out through a judge and is completely personalised. Accordingly, the interaction should be implemented to influence the judge in the process of forming and passing an appropriate judgement. The authors determine that the such a judgement can be formed in the course of communication and the provision of certain arguments that a defence lawyer cannot communicate in advance and which can only be voiced during a court session. The practical significance of the study lies in the possibility of innovating the activities of a defence lawyer and increasing the appropriate level of perception on the part of the judge and, accordingly, the prosecutor as representatives of the institutions of justice

Giant piezoelectric response in textured piezoceramics with tetragonal tungsten bronze structure

This work was supported by the Ministry of Education and Science of the Russian Federation (research projects No. 3.1649.2017/4.6 and № 3.6439.2017)

The SPM methods application to the eventual piezoelectric properties of the PZT low-dispersed phases

Методами KPFM и PFM измерены пьезоотклик (PR) и потенциал поверхности синтезированного при низкой температуре мелкодисперсного поликристаллического твердого раствора PbZr0.52Ti0.48O3. Показано, что PR обусловлен пьезосвойствами вещества, а не электрострикцией.The low-dispersed powders of solid solution PbZr0.52Ti0.48O3 were synthesizes at low temperature. Its electric potential and piezoresonce (PR) measured by the KPFM and PFM methods, proved the PR is caused by the piezoelectric properties and not the electrostriction.Работа выполнена при поддержке гранта РФФИ № 17-02-00616А

Direct transition from the rhombohedral ferroelectric to the paraelectric phase in a (Ba,Sr)TiO

A heteroepitaxial (200 nm thick) $\text{Ba}_{0.8}\text{Sr}_{0.2}\text{TiO}_{3}$ (BST) thin film was deposited on a (111)MgO substrate using rf sputtering. X-ray diffraction examinations confirmed epitaxial growth and rhombohedral symmetry of the film ($a = 0.39616(2)\ \text{nm}$ and $\alpha = 89.52(3)^\circ$ ) at room temperature. Polarized Raman spectra of the film were studied in the temperature range from 100 to 420 K. In contrast to a BST thin film grown on (001)MgO, the observed linear temperature dependence of the squared soft mode frequency suggests the displacive character of the ferroelectric-paraelectric phase transition in a BST thin film on (111)MgO