35 research outputs found
Long non-coding RNA as the newest perspective biomarkers in cancer
Long non-coding RNAs (lncRNAs) are a large group of non-coding RNAs (ncRNAs) which are more than 200 nucleotides in length. LncRNAs, as regulation factors, show an important role in complex cellular processes, such as apoptosis, growth, differentiation, proliferation, etc. Recently, the results of many studies have also shown their significant role in carcinogenesis. Endogenous lncRNAs are known to be secreted by tumor cells in human biological fluids in the form of microvesicles, exosomes, or protein complexes, thereby forming circulating lncRNAs that do not degrade under the influence of RNases and are in a stable state. Compared with traditional biomarkers, as proteins circulating lncRNA have several advantages that will allow to consider circulatingΒ lncRNA as a new potentialΒ biomarker for various diseases. Aberrant expression of lncRNAs was observed in cancer patients. In this context, endogenous lncRNAs can regulate the main characteristicsΒ of cancer cells, controlling the expression of oncogenes associated with their suppressive and oncogenic functions. Consequently, circulating lncRNAs can be excellent biomarkers for cancer. Knowledge of the molecular mechanisms by which lncRNAs contribute to the development of cancer will improve our understanding of etiology, and open up horizons for the development of new biomarkers. In this paper, we will analyze current knowledge about the change in the expression profile of circulating lncRNAs in cancer, as well as methods for their detection
MicroRNA as therapeutic targets for neuroblastomas
Neuroblastoma is one of the most common extracranial solid tumors in children. One of the main causes of death from childhood cancer in children aged one to five years, and it accounts for about 15% of all deaths from cancer in children. They have characteristic features, such as an early age of onset, a high frequency of metastasis in the diagnosis of patients older than 1 year and a tendency to spontaneous regression of tumors in young children. Although several prognostic factors were identified (age, stage, histology, heredity), identifying non-invasive biomarkers for disease surveillance and monitoring therapy is indeed still a clinical necessity. In this review, we describe the latest miRNA data in neuroblastoma, with an emphasis on those involved in tumor progression, metastasis, and drug resistance. In addition, we will discuss their potential use in the treatment of this tumor
ΠΠΊΡΡΡΠ°ΠΊΡΠΈΡ ΠΌΠ°Π»ΡΡ Π ΠΠ ΠΈΠ· Π±ΠΈΠΎΠ»ΠΎΠ³ΠΈΡΠ΅ΡΠΊΠΈΡ ΠΆΠΈΠ΄ΠΊΠΎΡΡΠ΅ΠΉ ΡΠ΅Π»ΠΎΠ²Π΅ΠΊΠ° Π΄Π»Ρ ΠΏΠΎΡΠ»Π΅Π΄ΡΡΡΠ΅Π³ΠΎ ΡΠ΅ΠΊΠ²Π΅Π½ΠΈΡΠΎΠ²Π°Π½ΠΈΡ Π½ΠΎΠ²ΠΎΠ³ΠΎ ΠΏΠΎΠΊΠΎΠ»Π΅Π½ΠΈΡ
A number of questions arise when choosing methods for experiments related to next-generation sequencing. On the one hand, while working with RNA extraction, added reagents and their residues can often inhibit sensitive chemicals with which the sequential synthesis is carried out for the sequencing. On the other hand, processing the same data using different software for the analysis can also impact on the sequencing results. This paper will present the step by step procedure for the preparation of samples taken from human biological fluids for subsequent sequencing of small RNAs, small noncoding RNAs in particular. Regarding the methods of extraction or isolation of RNAs, we found that low RNA yield can be improved significantly by following the isolation method for total RNA and its fractions included in Ambionβs MirVana PARIS kit, but only if using a special approach and modifying the organic extraction step. Compared to others, the methods supplied with commercially available kits at the time of researching this paper require only one organic extraction. This simple but, as it turned out, very useful modification makes it possible to access previously unavailable material. Potential advantages of this modification include a more complete profiling of small non-coding RNAs and a broader access to small sample volumes, as a rule, access to human biological fluids which can be prepared for RNA sequencing on the Illumina platform.Π‘ΡΡΠ΅ΡΡΠ²ΡΠ΅Ρ ΡΡΠ΄ Π²ΠΎΠΏΡΠΎΡΠΎΠ² ΠΏΡΠΈ Π²ΡΠ±ΠΎΡΠ΅ ΠΌΠ΅ΡΠΎΠ΄ΠΈΠΊ Π΄Π»Ρ ΡΠΊΡΠΏΠ΅ΡΠΈΠΌΠ΅Π½ΡΠΎΠ², ΡΠ²ΡΠ·Π°Π½Π½ΡΡ
Ρ ΡΠ΅ΠΊΠ²Π΅Π½ΠΈΡΠΎΠ²Π°Π½ΠΈΠ΅ΠΌ Π½ΠΎΠ²ΠΎΠ³ΠΎ ΠΏΠΎΠΊΠΎΠ»Π΅Π½ΠΈΡ (Next-Generation Sequencing). Π‘ ΠΎΠ΄Π½ΠΎΠΉ ΡΡΠΎΡΠΎΠ½Ρ, Π²ΠΎ Π²ΡΠ΅ΠΌΡ ΡΠ°Π±ΠΎΡΡ Ρ ΡΠΊΡΡΡΠ°ΠΊΡΠΈΠ΅ΠΉ Π ΠΠ Π΄ΠΎΠ±Π°Π²Π»Π΅Π½Π½ΡΠ΅ ΡΠ΅Π°Π³Π΅Π½ΡΡ ΠΈ ΠΈΡ
ΠΎΡΡΠ°ΡΠΊΠΈ ΡΠ°ΡΡΠΎ ΠΌΠΎΠ³ΡΡ ΠΈΠ½Π³ΠΈΠ±ΠΈΡΠΎΠ²Π°ΡΡ ΡΡΠ²ΡΡΠ²ΠΈΡΠ΅Π»ΡΠ½ΡΠ΅ Ρ
ΠΈΠΌΠΈΡΠ΅ΡΠΊΠΈΠ΅ Π²Π΅ΡΠ΅ΡΡΠ²Π°, Ρ ΠΏΠΎΠΌΠΎΡΡΡ ΠΊΠΎΡΠΎΡΡΡ
ΠΎΡΡΡΠ΅ΡΡΠ²Π»ΡΠ΅ΡΡΡ ΠΏΠΎΡΠ»Π΅Π΄ΠΎΠ²Π°ΡΠ΅Π»ΡΠ½ΡΠΉ ΡΠΈΠ½ΡΠ΅Π· Π΄Π»Ρ ΡΠ΅ΠΊΠ²Π΅Π½ΠΈΡΠΎΠ²Π°Π½ΠΈΡ. Π‘ Π΄ΡΡΠ³ΠΎΠΉ, ΠΎΠ±ΡΠ°Π±ΠΎΡΠΊΠ° Π΄Π°Π½Π½ΡΡ
Ρ ΠΏΡΠΈΠΌΠ΅Π½Π΅Π½ΠΈΠ΅ΠΌ ΡΠ°Π·Π»ΠΈΡΠ½ΠΎΠ³ΠΎ ΠΏΡΠΎΠ³ΡΠ°ΠΌΠΌΠ½ΠΎΠ³ΠΎ ΠΎΠ±Π΅ΡΠΏΠ΅ΡΠ΅Π½ΠΈΡ Π΄Π»Ρ Π°Π½Π°Π»ΠΈΠ·Π° ΡΠ΅Π·ΡΠ»ΡΡΠ°ΡΠΎΠ² ΡΠ°ΠΊΠΆΠ΅ ΠΌΠΎΠΆΠ΅Ρ Π²Π»ΠΈΡΡΡ Π½Π° ΡΠ΅Π·ΡΠ»ΡΡΠ°ΡΡ ΡΠ΅ΠΊΠ²Π΅Π½ΠΈΡΠΎΠ²Π°Π½ΠΈΡ. Π’Π΅ΠΊΡΡΠ°Ρ ΡΠ°Π±ΠΎΡΠ° Π±ΡΠ΄Π΅Ρ ΠΎΠΏΠΈΡΡΠ²Π°ΡΡ ΠΏΠΎΡΡΠ°ΠΏΠ½ΠΎ, ΠΊΠ°ΠΊ Π³ΠΎΡΠΎΠ²ΡΡΡΡ ΠΎΠ±ΡΠ°Π·ΡΡ ΠΈΠ· Π±ΠΈΠΎΠ»ΠΎΠ³ΠΈΡΠ΅ΡΠΊΠΈΡ
ΠΆΠΈΠ΄ΠΊΠΎΡΡΠ΅ΠΉ ΡΠ΅Π»ΠΎΠ²Π΅ΠΊΠ° Π΄Π»Ρ ΠΏΠΎΡΠ»Π΅Π΄ΡΡΡΠ΅Π³ΠΎ ΡΠ΅ΠΊΠ²Π΅Π½ΠΈΡΠΎΠ²Π°Π½ΠΈΡ ΠΌΠ°Π»ΡΡ
Π ΠΠ, Π² ΡΠ°ΡΡΠ½ΠΎΡΡΠΈ Π½Π΅ΠΊΠΎΠ΄ΠΈΡΡΡΡΠΈΡ
. Π§ΡΠΎ ΠΊΠ°ΡΠ°Π΅ΡΡΡ ΡΠΏΠΎΡΠΎΠ±ΠΎΠ² ΡΠΊΡΡΡΠ°ΠΊΡΠΈΠΈ ΠΈΠ»ΠΈ ΠΈΠ·ΠΎΠ»ΡΡΠΈΠΈ Π ΠΠ, ΠΌΡ ΠΎΠ±Π½Π°ΡΡΠΆΠΈΠ»ΠΈ, ΡΡΠΎ ΠΌΠ°Π»ΡΠΉ Π²ΡΡ
ΠΎΠ΄ Π ΠΠ ΠΌΠΎΠΆΠ΅Ρ Π±ΡΡΡ Π·Π½Π°ΡΠΈΡΠ΅Π»ΡΠ½ΠΎ ΡΠ²Π΅Π»ΠΈΡΠ΅Π½, ΠΏΠΎ ΠΌΠ΅ΡΠΎΠ΄Ρ ΠΈΠ·ΠΎΠ»ΡΡΠΈΠΈ ΡΠΎΡΠ°Π»ΡΠ½ΠΎΠΉ Π ΠΠ ΠΈ Π΅Π΅ ΡΡΠ°ΠΊΡΠΈΠΉ, Π²ΠΊΠ»ΡΡΠ΅Π½Π½ΡΡ
Π² Π½Π°Π±ΠΎΡ MirVana PARIS Kit ΠΎΡ Ambion, ΠΏΡΠΈ ΡΠΏΠ΅ΡΠΈΠ°Π»ΡΠ½ΠΎΠΌ ΠΏΠΎΠ΄Ρ
ΠΎΠ΄Π΅ ΠΈ ΠΌΠΎΠ΄ΠΈΡΠΈΠΊΠ°ΡΠΈΠΈ ΡΡΠ°ΠΏΠ° ΠΎΡΠ³Π°Π½ΠΈΡΠ΅ΡΠΊΠΎΠΉ ΡΠΊΡΡΡΠ°ΠΊΡΠΈΠΈ. ΠΠΎ ΡΡΠ°Π²Π½Π΅Π½ΠΈΡ Ρ Π΄ΡΡΠ³ΠΈΠΌΠΈ ΠΌΠ΅ΡΠΎΠ΄ΠΈΠΊΠ°ΠΌΠΈ ΠΏΠΎΡΡΠ°Π²Π»ΡΠ΅ΠΌΡΠ΅ Ρ ΠΈΠΌΠ΅ΡΡΠΈΠΌΠΈΡΡ Π² ΠΏΡΠΎΠ΄Π°ΠΆΠ΅ Π½Π°Π±ΠΎΡΠ°ΠΌΠΈ Π½Π° ΠΌΠΎΠΌΠ΅Π½Ρ ΡΡΠΎΠΉ ΡΠ°Π±ΠΎΡΡ ΡΡΠ΅Π±ΡΡΡ ΡΠΎΠ»ΡΠΊΠΎ ΠΎΠ΄Π½ΠΎΠΉ ΠΎΡΠ³Π°Π½ΠΈΡΠ΅ΡΠΊΠΎΠΉ ΡΠΊΡΡΡΠ°ΠΊΡΠΈΠΈ. ΠΡΠ° ΠΏΡΠΎΡΡΠ°Ρ, Π½ΠΎ, ΠΊΠ°ΠΊ ΠΎΠΊΠ°Π·Π°Π»ΠΎΡΡ, Π²Π΅ΡΡΠΌΠ° ΠΏΠΎΠ»Π΅Π·Π½Π°Ρ ΠΌΠΎΠ΄ΠΈΡΠΈΠΊΠ°ΡΠΈΡ ΠΏΠΎΠ·Π²ΠΎΠ»ΡΠ΅Ρ ΠΏΠΎΠ»ΡΡΠΈΡΡ Π΄ΠΎΡΡΡΠΏ ΠΊ ΡΠ°Π½Π΅Π΅ Π½Π΅Π΄ΠΎΡΡΡΠΏΠ½ΠΎΠΌΡ ΠΌΠ°ΡΠ΅ΡΠΈΠ°Π»Ρ. ΠΠΎΡΠ΅Π½ΡΠΈΠ°Π»ΡΠ½ΡΠΌΠΈ ΠΏΡΠ΅ΠΈΠΌΡΡΠ΅ΡΡΠ²Π°ΠΌΠΈ ΡΡΠΎΠΉ ΠΌΠΎΠ΄ΠΈΡΠΈΠΊΠ°ΡΠΈΠΈ ΡΠ²Π»ΡΡΡΡΡ Π±ΠΎΠ»Π΅Π΅ ΠΏΠΎΠ»Π½ΠΎΠ΅ ΠΏΡΠΎΡΠΈΠ»ΠΈΡΠΎΠ²Π°Π½ΠΈΠ΅ ΠΌΠ°Π»ΡΡ
Π ΠΠ, Π° ΡΠ°ΠΊΠΆΠ΅ Π±ΠΎΠ»Π΅Π΅ ΡΠΈΡΠΎΠΊΠΈΠΉ Π΄ΠΎΡΡΡΠΏ ΠΊ Π½Π΅Π±ΠΎΠ»ΡΡΠΈΠΌ ΠΎΠ±ΡΠ΅ΠΌΠ°ΠΌ ΠΎΠ±ΡΠ°Π·ΡΠΎΠ², ΠΊΠ°ΠΊ ΠΏΡΠ°Π²ΠΈΠ»ΠΎ, Π΄ΠΎΡΡΡΠΏ ΠΊ Π±ΠΈΠΎΠ»ΠΎΠ³ΠΈΡΠ΅ΡΠΊΠΈΠΌ ΠΆΠΈΠ΄ΠΊΠΎΡΡΡΠΌ ΡΠ΅Π»ΠΎΠ²Π΅ΠΊΠ°, ΠΊΠΎΡΠΎΡΡΠ΅ ΠΌΠΎΠ³ΡΡ Π±ΡΡΡ ΠΏΡΠΈΠ³ΠΎΡΠΎΠ²Π»Π΅Π½Ρ Π΄Π»Ρ ΡΠ΅ΠΊΠ²Π΅Π½ΠΈΡΠΎΠ²Π°Π½ΠΈΡ Π ΠΠ Π½Π° ΠΏΠ»Π°ΡΡΠΎΡΠΌΠ΅ Illumina
ΠΠΈΠΊΡΠΎ-Π ΠΠ ΠΊΠ°ΠΊ Π½ΠΎΠ²ΡΠ΅ ΠΈΠ³ΡΠΎΠΊΠΈ Π² ΠΊΠΎΠ½ΡΡΠΎΠ»Π΅ ΡΡΠ½ΠΊΡΠΈΠΉ Π³ΠΈΠΏΠΎΡΠ°Π»Π°ΠΌΡΡΠ°
Micro RNAs (miRNAs) are short non-coding RNAs (ncRNAs) of ~22 nucleotides in length involved in the post-transcriptional regulation of gene expression. They were discovered over 15 years ago and their functions are becoming clearer. They play an important role in all biological processes. MiRNAs are important modulators of the expression of eukaryotic genes. Focusing on transcripts encoding proteins they impact on the cellular transcriptome thus helping to determine the destiny of a cell. More and more data emerge to indicate an important functional role of miRNAs in the brain development. Since their discovery many miRNAs have been described as key factors in the development and function of the central nervous system. Some play a significant role in the genesis and differentiation of nerve cells (neurons and glial cells). Notably, it has recently been established that miRNAs play a vital role in the mechanisms underpinning the infantile increase of the gonadotropin-releasing hormone (GnRH) production by neurons in the hypothalamus. This phenomenon is necessary for the onset of puberty in mammals. In this review offers our attempt to describe miRNAs as new players in the control of hypothalamic functions, namely the onset of puberty.ΠΠΈΠΊΡΠΎ-Π ΠΠ (miRNA) ΠΏΡΠ΅Π΄ΡΡΠ°Π²Π»ΡΡΡ ΡΠΎΠ±ΠΎΠΉ ΠΊΠΎΡΠΎΡΠΊΠΈΠ΅ Π½Π΅ΠΊΠΎΠ΄ΠΈΡΡΡΡΠΈΠ΅ Π ΠΠ (Π½ΠΊΠ ΠΠ) Π΄Π»ΠΈΠ½ΠΎΠΉ ~22 Π½ΡΠΊΠ»Π΅ΠΎΡΠΈΠ΄Π°, ΡΡΠ°ΡΡΠ²ΡΡΡΠΈΠ΅ Π² ΠΏΠΎΡΡΡΡΠ°Π½ΡΠΊΡΠΈΠΏΡΠΈΠΎΠ½Π½ΠΎΠΉ ΡΠ΅Π³ΡΠ»ΡΡΠΈΠΈ ΡΠΊΡΠΏΡΠ΅ΡΡΠΈΠΈ Π³Π΅Π½ΠΎΠ². ΠΠ½ΠΈ Π±ΡΠ»ΠΈ ΠΎΠ±Π½Π°ΡΡΠΆΠ΅Π½Ρ Π±ΠΎΠ»Π΅Π΅ 15 Π»Π΅Ρ Π½Π°Π·Π°Π΄, ΠΈΒ ΠΈΡ
ΡΡΠ½ΠΊΡΠΈΠΈ Π½Π°ΡΠΈΠ½Π°ΡΡ ΡΠ°ΡΠΊΡΡΠ²Π°ΡΡΡΡ. ΠΠ½ΠΈ ΠΈΠ³ΡΠ°ΡΡ Π²Π°ΠΆΠ½ΡΡ ΡΠΎΠ»Ρ Π²ΠΎ Π²ΡΠ΅Ρ
Π±ΠΈΠΎΠ»ΠΎΠ³ΠΈΡΠ΅ΡΠΊΠΈΡ
ΠΏΡΠΎΡΠ΅ΡΡΠ°Ρ
. Π―Π²Π»ΡΡΡΡΡ Π²Π°ΠΆΠ½ΡΠΌΠΈ ΠΌΠΎΠ΄ΡΠ»ΡΡΠΎΡΠ°ΠΌΠΈ ΡΠΊΡΠΏΡΠ΅ΡΡΠΈΠΈ ΡΡΠΊΠ°ΡΠΈΠΎΡΠΈΡΠ΅ΡΠΊΠΈΡ
Π³Π΅Π½ΠΎΠ². ΠΡΠΈΠ΅Π½ΡΠΈΡΡΡΡΡ Π½Π° ΡΡΠ°Π½ΡΠΊΡΠΈΠΏΡΡ, ΠΊΠΎΠ΄ΠΈΡΡΡΡΠΈΠ΅ Π±Π΅Π»ΠΊΠΈ, ΠΌΠΈΠΊΡΠΎ-Π ΠΠ Π²Π»ΠΈΡΡΡ Π½Π° ΠΊΠ»Π΅ΡΠΎΡΠ½ΡΠΉ ΡΡΠ°Π½ΡΠΊΡΠΈΠΏΡΠΎΠΌ, ΡΠ΅ΠΌ ΡΠ°ΠΌΡΠΌ ΠΏΠΎΠΌΠΎΠ³Π°Ρ ΠΎΠΏΡΠ΅Π΄Π΅Π»ΠΈΡΡ ΡΡΠ΄ΡΠ±Ρ ΠΊΠ»Π΅ΡΠΊΠΈ. ΠΡΠ΅ Π±ΠΎΠ»ΡΡΠ΅ Π΄Π°Π½Π½ΡΡ
ΡΠΊΠ°Π·ΡΠ²Π°ΡΡ Π½Π° Π²Π°ΠΆΠ½ΡΡ ΡΡΠ½ΠΊΡΠΈΠΎΠ½Π°Π»ΡΠ½ΡΡ ΡΠΎΠ»Ρ ΠΌΠΈΠΊΡΠΎ-Π ΠΠ Π² ΡΠ°Π·Π²ΠΈΡΠΈΠΈ ΠΌΠΎΠ·Π³Π°. Π‘ ΠΌΠΎΠΌΠ΅Π½ΡΠ° ΠΈΡ
ΠΎΡΠΊΡΡΡΠΈΡ ΠΌΠ½ΠΎΠ³ΠΈΠ΅ ΠΌΠΈΠΊΡΠΎ-Π ΠΠ Π±ΡΠ»ΠΈ ΠΎΠΏΠΈΡΠ°Π½Ρ ΠΊΠ°ΠΊ ΠΊΠ»ΡΡΠ΅Π²ΡΠ΅ ΡΠ°ΠΊΡΠΎΡΡ ΡΠ°Π·Π²ΠΈΡΠΈΡ ΠΈ ΡΡΠ½ΠΊΡΠΈΠΎΠ½ΠΈΡΠΎΠ²Π°Π½ΠΈΡ ΡΠ΅Π½ΡΡΠ°Π»ΡΠ½ΠΎΠΉ Π½Π΅ΡΠ²Π½ΠΎΠΉ ΡΠΈΡΡΠ΅ΠΌΡ. ΠΠ΅ΠΊΠΎΡΠΎΡΡΠ΅ ΠΈΠ³ΡΠ°ΡΡ ΡΡΡΠ΅ΡΡΠ²Π΅Π½Π½ΡΡ ΡΠΎΠ»Ρ Π² Π³Π΅Π½Π΅Π·Π΅ ΠΈ Π΄ΠΈΡΡΠ΅ΡΠ΅Π½ΡΠΈΡΠΎΠ²ΠΊΠ΅ Π½Π΅ΡΠ²Π½ΡΡ
ΠΊΠ»Π΅ΡΠΎΠΊ (Π½Π΅ΠΉΡΠΎΠ½ΠΎΠ² ΠΈΒ Π³Π»ΠΈΠ°Π»ΡΠ½ΡΡ
ΠΊΠ»Π΅ΡΠΎΠΊ). Π ΡΠ°ΡΡΠ½ΠΎΡΡΠΈ, Π½Π΅Π΄Π°Π²Π½ΠΎ Π±ΡΠ»ΠΎ ΡΡΡΠ°Π½ΠΎΠ²Π»Π΅Π½ΠΎ, ΡΡΠΎ miRNAs ΠΈΠ³ΡΠ°ΡΡ ΠΆΠΈΠ·Π½Π΅Π½Π½ΠΎ Π²Π°ΠΆΠ½ΡΡ ΡΠΎΠ»Ρ Π²Β ΠΌΠ΅Ρ
Π°Π½ΠΈΠ·ΠΌΠ°Ρ
, Π»Π΅ΠΆΠ°ΡΠΈΡ
Π² ΠΎΡΠ½ΠΎΠ²Π΅ ΠΈΠ½ΡΠ°Π½ΡΠΈΠ»ΡΠ½ΠΎΠ³ΠΎ ΡΠΎΡΡΠ° ΠΏΡΠΎΠ΄ΡΠΊΡΠΈΠΈ Π³ΠΎΠ½Π°Π΄ΠΎΡΡΠΎΠΏΠΈΠ½-ΡΠΈΠ»ΠΈΠ·ΠΈΠ½Π³-Π³ΠΎΡΠΌΠΎΠ½ΠΎΠ² (ΠΠ½Π Π) Π½Π΅ΠΉΡΠΎΠ½Π°ΠΌΠΈ Π² Π³ΠΈΠΏΠΎΡΠ°Π»Π°ΠΌΡΡΠ΅. ΠΡΠΎΡ ΡΠ΅Π½ΠΎΠΌΠ΅Π½ Π½Π΅ΠΎΠ±Ρ
ΠΎΠ΄ΠΈΠΌ Π΄Π»Ρ Π½Π°ΡΡΡΠΏΠ»Π΅Π½ΠΈΡ ΠΏΠΎΠ»ΠΎΠ²ΠΎΠΉ Π·ΡΠ΅Π»ΠΎΡΡΠΈ Ρ ΠΌΠ»Π΅ΠΊΠΎΠΏΠΈΡΠ°ΡΡΠΈΡ
. Π ΡΡΠΎΠΌ ΠΎΠ±Π·ΠΎΡΠ΅ ΠΌΡ ΠΏΠΎΡΡΠ°ΡΠ°Π΅ΠΌΡΡ ΠΎΠΏΠΈΡΠ°ΡΡ ΠΌΠΈΠΊΡΠΎ-Π ΠΠ ΠΊΠ°ΠΊ Π½ΠΎΠ²ΡΡ
ΠΈΠ³ΡΠΎΠΊΠΎΠ² Π² ΠΊΠΎΠ½ΡΡΠΎΠ»Π΅ ΡΡΠ½ΠΊΡΠΈΠΈ Π³ΠΈΠΏΠΎΡΠ°Π»Π°ΠΌΡΡΠ°, Π° ΠΈΠΌΠ΅Π½Π½ΠΎ Π½Π°ΡΡΡΠΏΠ»Π΅Π½ΠΈΡ ΠΏΠΎΠ»ΠΎΠ²ΠΎΠ³ΠΎ ΡΠΎΠ·ΡΠ΅Π²Π°Π½ΠΈΡ
MicroRNAs as Biomarkers and Therapeutic Targets for Medulloblastomas
Medulloblastomas (MBs) are the most common malignant neoplasms of the central nervous system in children. MBΒ is a persistent disease associated with a high level of morbidity and mortality, thus requiring aggressive therapeuticalΒ approaches. Clinical and histological features of tumours are used for their classification and prognosis. Despite significant progress in the study of MB, its molecular basis remains to be fully understood.Β MicroRNAs (miRNAs) are shortΒ nonΒcoding RNAs (ncRNAs) that function as key regulators of various biological processes, including the development,Β differentiation, metabolism, proliferation and apoptosis of cells. MiRNAs regulate genes at the postΒtranscriptionalΒ level. Aberrant expression of miRNAs correlates with various cancers. This altered expression may result from mutation,Β methylation, deletion and amplification of miRNA coding regions. In this review, we discuss the role of miRNAs in MBΒ and their potential use in the diagnosis, prognosis and treatment of this malignant tumour. As a fastΒgrowing field inΒ biomedical sciences, miRNAs studies will revolutionize the treatment of MB
ΠΠΠ£Π§ΠΠΠΠ Π ΠΠΠ ΠΠΠΠ ΠΠ ΠΠ ΠΠ Π ΠΠΠΠΠΠΠ ΠΠΠΠΠ€ΠΠΠ
MicroRNAs are a new class of small non-coding RNAs, a length of 18β22 nucleotides that play a decisive role as posttranscriptional regulators of gene expression. Due to the large number of genes, regulated microRNAs, microRNAs are involved in many cellular processes. The study of the impairment of the expression of the target genes of microRNA, often associated with changes in important biological characteristics, provides a significant understanding of the role of microRNAs in oncogenesis. New evidence suggests that aberrant microRNA expression or dysregulation of endogenous microRNAs affects the onset and development of tumors, including adenomas of the pituitary gland. In this review, the significance of some microRNAs in the pathology of the pituitary adenoma will be assessed, as well as data on the study of microRNAs as therapeutic targets and new biomarkers.ΠΠΈΠΊΡΠΎΠ ΠΠ ΠΏΡΠ΅Π΄ΡΡΠ°Π²Π»ΡΡΡ ΡΠΎΠ±ΠΎΠΉ Π½ΠΎΠ²ΡΠΉ ΠΊΠ»Π°ΡΡ ΠΌΠ°Π»ΡΡ
Π½Π΅ΠΊΠΎΠ΄ΠΈΡΡΡΡΠΈΡ
Π ΠΠ Π΄Π»ΠΈΠ½ΠΎΠΉ 18β22 Π½ΡΠΊΠ»Π΅ΠΎΡΠΈΠ΄Π°, ΠΊΠΎΡΠΎΡΡΠ΅ ΠΈΠ³ΡΠ°ΡΡ ΡΠ΅ΡΠ°ΡΡΡΡ ΡΠΎΠ»Ρ Π² ΠΊΠ°ΡΠ΅ΡΡΠ²Π΅ ΠΏΠΎΡΡΡΡΠ°Π½ΡΠΊΡΠΈΠΏΡΠΈΠΎΠ½Π½ΡΡ
ΡΠ΅Π³ΡΠ»ΡΡΠΎΡΠΎΠ² ΡΠΊΡΠΏΡΠ΅ΡΡΠΈΠΈ Π³Π΅Π½ΠΎΠ². ΠΠ·-Π·Π° Π±ΠΎΠ»ΡΡΠΎΠ³ΠΎ ΠΊΠΎΠ»ΠΈΡΠ΅ΡΡΠ²Π° ΡΠ΅Π³ΡΠ»ΠΈΡΡΠ΅ΠΌΡΡ
Π³Π΅Π½ΠΎΠ² ΠΌΠΈΠΊΡΠΎΠ ΠΠ ΡΡΠ°ΡΡΠ²ΡΡΡ Π²ΠΎ ΠΌΠ½ΠΎΠ³ΠΈΡ
ΠΊΠ»Π΅ΡΠΎΡΠ½ΡΡ
ΠΏΡΠΎΡΠ΅ΡΡΠ°Ρ
. ΠΡΡΠ»Π΅Π΄ΠΎΠ²Π°Π½ΠΈΠ΅ Π½Π°ΡΡΡΠ΅Π½ΠΈΠΉ ΡΠΊΡΠΏΡΠ΅ΡΡΠΈΠΈ Π³Π΅Π½ΠΎΠ²-ΠΌΠΈΡΠ΅Π½Π΅ΠΉ ΠΌΠΈΠΊΡΠΎΠ ΠΠ, ΡΠ°ΡΡΠΎ ΡΠ²ΡΠ·Π°Π½Π½ΡΡ
Ρ ΠΈΠ·ΠΌΠ΅Π½Π΅Π½ΠΈΡΠΌΠΈ Π²Π°ΠΆΠ½ΡΡ
Π±ΠΈΠΎΠ»ΠΎΠ³ΠΈΡΠ΅ΡΠΊΠΈΡ
Ρ
Π°ΡΠ°ΠΊΡΠ΅ΡΠΈΡΡΠΈΠΊ, Π΄Π°Π΅Ρ ΠΏΡΠ΅Π΄ΡΡΠ°Π²Π»Π΅Π½ΠΈΠ΅ ΠΎ ΡΠΎΠ»ΠΈ ΠΌΠΈΠΊΡΠΎΠ ΠΠ Π² ΠΎΠ½ΠΊΠΎΠ³Π΅Π½Π΅Π·Π΅. ΠΠΎΠ²ΡΠ΅ Π΄Π°Π½Π½ΡΠ΅ ΡΠ²ΠΈΠ΄Π΅ΡΠ΅Π»ΡΡΡΠ²ΡΡΡ ΠΎ ΡΠΎΠΌ, ΡΡΠΎ Π°Π±Π΅ΡΡΠ°Π½ΡΠ½Π°Ρ ΡΠΊΡΠΏΡΠ΅ΡΡΠΈΡ ΠΌΠΈΠΊΡΠΎΠ ΠΠ ΠΈΠ»ΠΈ Π΄ΠΈΡΡΠ΅Π³ΡΠ»ΡΡΠΈΡ ΡΠ½Π΄ΠΎΠ³Π΅Π½Π½ΡΡ
ΠΌΠΈΠΊΡΠΎΠ ΠΠ Π²Π»ΠΈΡΠ΅Ρ Π½Π° Π²ΠΎΠ·Π½ΠΈΠΊΠ½ΠΎΠ²Π΅Π½ΠΈΠ΅ ΠΈ ΡΠ°Π·Π²ΠΈΡΠΈΠ΅ ΠΎΠΏΡΡ
ΠΎΠ»Π΅ΠΉ, Π² ΡΠΎΠΌ ΡΠΈΡΠ»Π΅ Π°Π΄Π΅Π½ΠΎΠΌ Π³ΠΈΠΏΠΎΡΠΈΠ·Π°. Π Π½Π°ΡΡΠΎΡΡΠ΅ΠΌ ΠΎΠ±Π·ΠΎΡΠ΅ ΠΎΡΠ΅Π½Π΅Π½Π° Π·Π½Π°ΡΠΈΠΌΠΎΡΡΡ Π½Π΅ΠΊΠΎΡΠΎΡΡΡ
ΠΌΠΈΠΊΡΠΎΠ ΠΠ Π² ΠΏΠ°ΡΠΎΠ»ΠΎΠ³ΠΈΠΈ Π°Π΄Π΅Π½ΠΎΠΌΡ Π³ΠΈΠΏΠΎΡΠΈΠ·Π°, Π° ΡΠ°ΠΊΠΆΠ΅ ΠΏΡΠ΅Π΄ΡΡΠ°Π²Π»Π΅Π½Ρ Π΄Π°Π½Π½ΡΠ΅, ΠΊΠ°ΡΠ°ΡΡΠΈΠ΅ΡΡ ΠΈΠ·ΡΡΠ΅Π½ΠΈΡ ΠΌΠΈΠΊΡΠΎΠ ΠΠ Π² ΠΊΠ°ΡΠ΅ΡΡΠ²Π΅ ΡΠ΅ΡΠ°ΠΏΠ΅Π²ΡΠΈΡΠ΅ΡΠΊΠΈΡ
ΠΌΠΈΡΠ΅Π½Π΅ΠΉ ΠΈ Π½ΠΎΠ²ΡΡ
Π±ΠΈΠΎΠΌΠ°ΡΠΊΠ΅ΡΠΎΠ²
ΠΠΎΠΌΠΏΡΡΡΠ΅ΡΠ½Π°Ρ ΡΠΎΠΌΠΎΠ³ΡΠ°ΡΠΈΡ Π²ΡΠ΅Π³ΠΎ ΡΠ΅Π»Π° Π² Π΄ΠΈΠ°Π³Π½ΠΎΡΡΠΈΠΊΠ΅ ΠΏΠΎΠ»ΠΈΡΡΠ°Π²ΠΌΡ. ΠΠ½Π°Π»ΠΈΠ· Π΄Π΅ΡΡΡΠΈΠ»Π΅ΡΠ½Π΅Π³ΠΎ ΠΎΠΏΡΡΠ°
Introduction. A computed tomography (CT) scan of the entire body has become a standard practice for the diagnosis of patients with polytrauma in many trauma centres. Purpose: evaluation of diagnostic potential of full-body CT for patients with polytrauma.Materials and methods. In the period from January 2008 to December 2018, all hemodynamically stable patients (scoring 3 and above in the Abbreviated Injury Scale (AIS) and 15 and above in the Injury Severity Score (ISS)) admitted to the Main Republican Head Injury Centre CCH β21 in Ufa with injuries in two or more anatomical areas have undergone CT scanning of head, neck (including cervical spine), chest (including thoracic spine), abdominal cavity/pelvis (including lumbar spine).Results and discussion. In the period from January 2008 to December 2018, 1498 CT examinations were conducted. Out of these examinations, 1368 and 143 cases were polytrauma β (on average 2 cases per week) and monotrauma (10 % of the study group) patients. Only 17 patients failed to complete the examination for polytrauma due to deteriorating status. All of these 17 had been returned to the intensive care unit without delay.Conclusion. In a decade 1368 patients met the established criteria for an immediate CT scan for the diagnosis of polytrauma at a large hospital providing emergency healthcare. A broad range of significant injuries was diagnosed quickly, accurately and safely. These injuries included 31 cervical spine fractures and 56 pneumothoraxes not evidenced by conventional X-ray images.ΠΠ²Π΅Π΄Π΅Π½ΠΈΠ΅. ΠΠΎΠΌΠΏΡΡΡΠ΅ΡΠ½Π°Ρ ΡΠΎΠΌΠΎΠ³ΡΠ°ΡΠΈΡ (ΠΠ’) Π²ΡΠ΅Π³ΠΎ ΡΠ΅Π»Π° ΡΡΠ°Π»Π° ΡΡΠ°Π½Π΄Π°ΡΡΠ½ΠΎΠΉ ΠΏΡΠ°ΠΊΡΠΈΠΊΠΎΠΉ Π²ΠΎ ΠΌΠ½ΠΎΠ³ΠΈΡ
ΡΡΠ°Π²ΠΌΡΠ΅Π½ΡΡΠ°Ρ
Π΄Π»Ρ Π΄ΠΈΠ°Π³Π½ΠΎΡΡΠΈΠΊΠΈ ΠΏΠ°ΡΠΈΠ΅Π½ΡΠΎΠ² Ρ ΠΏΠΎΠ»ΠΈΡΡΠ°Π²ΠΌΠΎΠΉ. Π¦Π΅Π»Ρ: ΠΎΡΠ΅Π½ΠΊΠ° Π΄ΠΈΠ°Π³Π½ΠΎΡΡΠΈΡΠ΅ΡΠΊΠΎΠ³ΠΎ ΠΏΠΎΡΠ΅Π½ΡΠΈΠ°Π»Π° ΠΠ’ Π²ΡΠ΅Π³ΠΎ ΡΠ΅Π»Π° Π΄Π»Ρ ΠΏΠΎΡΡΡΠ°Π΄Π°Π²ΡΠΈΡ
Ρ ΠΏΠΎΠ»ΠΈΡΡΠ°Π²ΠΌΠΎΠΉ.ΠΠ°ΡΠ΅ΡΠΈΠ°Π»Ρ ΠΈ ΠΌΠ΅ΡΠΎΠ΄Ρ. Π ΠΏΠ΅ΡΠΈΠΎΠ΄ Ρ ΡΠ½Π²Π°ΡΡ 2008 ΠΏΠΎ Π΄Π΅ΠΊΠ°Π±ΡΡ 2018 Π³. Π²ΡΠ΅ Π³Π΅ΠΌΠΎΠ΄ΠΈΠ½Π°ΠΌΠΈΡΠ΅ΡΠΊΠΈ ΡΡΠ°Π±ΠΈΠ»ΡΠ½ΡΠ΅ ΠΏΠ°ΡΠΈΠ΅Π½ΡΡ (ΡΠΎΠΊΡΠ°ΡΠ΅Π½Π½Π°Ρ ΡΠΊΠ°Π»Π° ΠΏΠΎΠ²ΡΠ΅ΠΆΠ΄Π΅Π½ΠΈΠΉ (AIS) 3 ΠΈΠ»ΠΈ Π±ΠΎΠ»Π΅Π΅; ΠΏΠΎΠΊΠ°Π·Π°ΡΠ΅Π»Ρ ΡΡΠΆΠ΅ΡΡΠΈ ΡΡΠ°Π²ΠΌΡ (ISS) 15 ΠΈΠ»ΠΈ Π±ΠΎΠ»Π΅Π΅), ΠΏΠΎΡΡΡΠΏΠΈΠ²ΡΠΈΠ΅ Π² Π³Π»Π°Π²Π½ΡΠΉ Π Π΅ΡΠΏΡΠ±Π»ΠΈΠΊΠ°Π½ΡΠΊΠΈΠΉ Π³ΠΎΠ»ΠΎΠ²Π½ΠΎΠΉ ΡΡΠ°Π²ΠΌΡΠ΅Π½ΡΡ ΠΠΠ β 21 Π³. Π£ΡΡ Ρ ΠΏΠΎΠ²ΡΠ΅ΠΆΠ΄Π΅Π½ΠΈΡΠΌΠΈ Π΄Π²ΡΡ
ΠΈΠ»ΠΈ Π±ΠΎΠ»Π΅Π΅ Π°Π½Π°ΡΠΎΠΌΠΈΡΠ΅ΡΠΊΠΈΡ
ΠΎΠ±Π»Π°ΡΡΠ΅ΠΉ, Π±ΡΠ»ΠΈ ΠΎΠ±ΡΠ»Π΅Π΄ΠΎΠ²Π°Π½Ρ Ρ ΠΏΠΎΠΌΠΎΡΡΡ ΠΠ’ (Π³ΠΎΠ»ΠΎΠ²Π°; ΡΠ΅Ρ (Π²ΠΊΠ»ΡΡΠ°Ρ ΡΠ΅ΠΉΠ½ΡΠΉ ΠΎΡΠ΄Π΅Π» ΠΏΠΎΠ·Π²ΠΎΠ½ΠΎΡΠ½ΠΈΠΊΠ°); Π³ΡΡΠ΄Π½Π°Ρ ΠΊΠ»Π΅ΡΠΊΠ° (Π²ΠΊΠ»ΡΡΠ°Ρ Π³ΡΡΠ΄Π½ΠΎΠΉ ΠΎΡΠ΄Π΅Π» ΠΏΠΎΠ·Π²ΠΎΠ½ΠΎΡΠ½ΠΈΠΊΠ°); Π±ΡΡΡΠ½Π°Ρ ΠΏΠΎΠ»ΠΎΡΡΡ/ΡΠ°Π· (Π²ΠΊΠ»ΡΡΠ°Ρ ΠΏΠΎΡΡΠ½ΠΈΡΠ½ΠΎ-ΠΊΡΠ΅ΡΡΡΠΎΠ²ΡΠΉ ΠΎΡΠ΄Π΅Π» ΠΏΠΎΠ·Π²ΠΎΠ½ΠΎΡΠ½ΠΈΠΊΠ°)).Π Π΅Π·ΡΠ»ΡΡΠ°ΡΡ ΠΈ ΠΎΠ±ΡΡΠΆΠ΄Π΅Π½ΠΈΠ΅. Π ΠΏΠ΅ΡΠΈΠΎΠ΄ Ρ ΡΠ½Π²Π°ΡΡ 2008 ΠΏΠΎ Π΄Π΅ΠΊΠ°Π±ΡΡ 2018 Π³. Π±ΡΠ»ΠΎ ΠΏΡΠΎΠ²Π΅Π΄Π΅Π½ΠΎ 1498 ΠΠ’-ΠΈΡΡΠ»Π΅Π΄ΠΎΠ²Π°Π½ΠΈΠΉ, ΠΈΠ· ΠΊΠΎΡΠΎΡΡΡ
Π² 1368 ΡΠ»ΡΡΠ°ΡΡ
Π±ΡΠ»ΠΈ Π΄ΠΈΠ°Π³Π½ΠΎΡΡΠΈΡΠΎΠ²Π°Π½Ρ ΠΏΠΎΠ»ΠΈΡΡΠ°Π²ΠΌΡ (Π² ΡΡΠ΅Π΄Π½Π΅ΠΌ 2 ΡΠ»ΡΡΠ°Ρ Π² Π½Π΅Π΄Π΅Π»Ρ); 143 (10 % ΠΈΠ· ΠΈΡΡΠ»Π΅Π΄ΡΠ΅ΠΌΠΎΠΉ Π³ΡΡΠΏΠΏΡ) ΠΏΠ°ΡΠΈΠ΅Π½ΡΠ° ΠΈΠΌΠ΅Π»ΠΈ ΡΡΠ°Π²ΠΌΡ ΡΠΎΠ»ΡΠΊΠΎ ΠΎΠ΄Π½ΠΎΠΉ ΠΎΠ±Π»Π°ΡΡΠΈ ΡΠ΅Π»Π°. Π’ΠΎΠ»ΡΠΊΠΎ Ρ 17 ΠΏΠ°ΡΠΈΠ΅Π½ΡΠΎΠ² Π½Π΅ ΠΏΠΎΠ»ΡΡΠΈΠ»ΠΎΡΡ Π·Π°Π²Π΅ΡΡΠΈΡΡ ΠΎΠ±ΡΠ»Π΅Π΄ΠΎΠ²Π°Π½ΠΈΠ΅ Π½Π° ΠΏΠΎΠ»ΠΈΡΡΠ°Π²ΠΌΡ ΠΈΠ·-Π·Π° ΡΡ
ΡΠ΄ΡΠ΅Π½ΠΈΡ ΡΠΎΡΡΠΎΡΠ½ΠΈΡ, ΠΈ Π²ΡΠ΅ ΠΎΠ½ΠΈ Π±ΡΠ»ΠΈ Π½Π΅ΠΌΠ΅Π΄Π»Π΅Π½Π½ΠΎ Π²ΠΎΠ·Π²ΡΠ°ΡΠ΅Π½Ρ Π² ΡΠ΅Π°Π½ΠΈΠΌΠ°ΡΠΈΠΎΠ½Π½ΠΎΠ΅ ΠΎΡΠ΄Π΅Π»Π΅Π½ΠΈΠ΅.ΠΠ°ΠΊΠ»ΡΡΠ΅Π½ΠΈΠ΅. ΠΠ° 10-Π»Π΅ΡΠ½ΠΈΠΉ ΠΏΠ΅ΡΠΈΠΎΠ΄ Π² ΠΊΡΡΠΏΠ½ΠΎΠΉ Π±ΠΎΠ»ΡΠ½ΠΈΡΠ΅ Ρ Π½Π΅ΠΎΡΠ»ΠΎΠΆΠ½ΠΎΠΉ ΠΌΠ΅Π΄ΠΈΡΠΈΠ½ΡΠΊΠΎΠΉ ΠΏΠΎΠΌΠΎΡΡΡ 1368 ΠΏΠ°ΡΠΈΠ΅Π½ΡΠΎΠ² ΡΠΎΠΎΡΠ²Π΅ΡΡΡΠ²ΠΎΠ²Π°Π»ΠΈ ΡΡΡΠ°Π½ΠΎΠ²Π»Π΅Π½Π½ΡΠΌ ΠΊΡΠΈΡΠ΅ΡΠΈΡΠΌ Π΄Π»Ρ Π½Π΅ΠΌΠ΅Π΄Π»Π΅Π½Π½ΠΎΠ³ΠΎ ΠΠ’-ΠΈΡΡΠ»Π΅Π΄ΠΎΠ²Π°Π½ΠΈΡ Π² ΡΠ΅Π»ΡΡ
Π΄ΠΈΠ°Π³Π½ΠΎΡΡΠΈΠΊΠΈ ΠΏΠΎΠ»ΠΈΡΡΠ°Π²ΠΌΡ. ΠΡΡΡΡΠΎ, ΡΠΎΡΠ½ΠΎ ΠΈ Π±Π΅Π·ΠΎΠΏΠ°ΡΠ½ΠΎ Π±ΡΠ» ΠΏΡΠΎΠ΄Π΅ΠΌΠΎΠ½ΡΡΡΠΈΡΠΎΠ²Π°Π½ ΡΠΈΡΠΎΠΊΠΈΠΉ ΡΠΏΠ΅ΠΊΡΡ Π·Π½Π°ΡΠΈΡΠ΅Π»ΡΠ½ΡΡ
ΡΡΠ°Π²ΠΌ, Π² ΡΠΎΠΌ ΡΠΈΡΠ»Π΅ 31 ΠΏΠ΅ΡΠ΅Π»ΠΎΠΌ ΡΠ΅ΠΉΠ½ΠΎΠ³ΠΎ ΠΎΡΠ΄Π΅Π»Π° ΠΏΠΎΠ·Π²ΠΎΠ½ΠΎΡΠ½ΠΈΠΊΠ° ΠΈ 56 ΠΏΠ½Π΅Π²ΠΌΠΎΡΠΎΡΠ°ΠΊΡΠΎΠ², Π½Π΅ ΠΎΠ±Π½Π°ΡΡΠΆΠ΅Π½Π½ΡΡ
Π½Π° ΠΎΠ±ΡΡΠ½ΡΡ
ΡΠ΅Π½ΡΠ³Π΅Π½ΠΎΠ³ΡΠ°ΠΌΠΌΠ°Ρ