New empirical fits to the proton electromagnetic form factors

Recent measurements of the ratio of the elastic electromagnetic form factors of the proton, G_Ep/G_Mp, using the polarization transfer technique at Jefferson Lab show that this ratio decreases dramatically with increasing Q^2, in contradiction to previous measurements using the Rosenbluth separation technique. Using this new high quality data as a constraint, we have reanalyzed most of the world e-p elastic cross section data. In this paper, we present a new empirical fit to the reanalyzed data for the proton elastic magnetic form factor in the region 0 < Q^2 < 30 GeV^2. As well, we present an empirical fit to the proton electromagnetic form factor ratio, G_Ep/G_Mp, which is valid in the region 0.1 < Q^2 < 6 GeV^2

Electromagnetic proton form factors in large NcN_{c} QCD

The electromagnetic form factors of the proton are obtained using a particular realization of QCD in the large $N_c$ limit (${QCD}_{\infty}$), which sums up the infinite number of zero-width resonances to yield an Euler's Beta function (Dual-${QCD}_{\infty}$). The form factors $F_1(q^2)$ and $F_2(q^2)$, as well as $G_M(q^2)$ agree very well with reanalyzed space-like data in the whole range of momentum transfer. In addition, the predicted ratio $\mu_p G_E/G_M$ is in good agreement with recent polarization transfer measurements at Jefferson Lab.Comment: 10 page

Implementation of Diabetes Prevention in Health Care Organizations: Best Practice Recommendations

Approximately 1 in 3 American adults has prediabetes, a condition characterized by blood glucose levels that are above normal, not in the type 2 diabetes ranges, and that increases the risk of developing type 2 diabetes. Evidence-based treatments can be used to prevent or delay type 2 diabetes in adults with prediabetes. The American Medical Association (AMA) has collaborated with health care organizations across the country to build sustainable diabetes prevention strategies. In 2017, the AMA formed the Diabetes Prevention Best Practices Workgroup (DPBP) with representatives from 6 health care organizations actively implementing diabetes prevention. Each organization had a unique strategy, but all included the National Diabetes Prevention Program lifestyle change program as a core evidence-based intervention. DPBP established the goal of disseminating best practices to guide other health care organizations in implementing diabetes prevention and identifying and managing patients with prediabetes. Workgroup members recognized similarities in some of their basic steps and considerations and synthesized their practices to develop best practice recommendations for 3 strategy maturity phases. Recommendations for each maturity phase are classified into 6 categories: (1) organizational support; (2) workforce and funding; (3) promotion and dissemination; (4) clinical integration and support; (5) evaluation and outcomes; (6) and program. As the burden of chronic disease grows, prevention must be prioritized and integrated into health care. These maturity phases and best practice recommendations can be used by any health care organization committed to diabetes prevention. Further research is suggested to assess the impact and adoption of diabetes prevention best practices

Soft pion theorem for hard near threshold pion production

We prove new soft pion theorem for the near threshold pion production by a hard electromagnetic probe. This theorem relates various near threshold pion production amplitudes to the nucleon distribution amplitudes. The new soft pion theorem is in a good agreement with the SLAC data for F_2^p(W,Q^2) for W^2 < 1.4 GeV^2 and 7 < Q^2 < 30.7 GeV^2.Comment: 9 pages, revised version, more general analysi

Effect of recent R_p and R_n measurements on extended Gari-Krumpelmann model fits to nucleon electromagnetic form factors

The Gari-Krumpelmann (GK) models of nucleon electromagnetic form factors, in which the rho, omega, and phi vector meson pole contributions evolve at high momentum transfer to conform to the predictions of perturbative QCD (pQCD), was recently extended to include the width of the rho meson by substituting the result of dispersion relations for the pole and the addition of rho' (1450) isovector vector meson pole. This extended model was shown to produce a good overall fit to all the available nucleon electromagnetic form factor (emff) data. Since then new polarization data shows that the electric to magnetic ratios R_p and R_n obtained are not consistent with the older G_{Ep} and G_{En} data in their range of momentum transfer. The model is further extended to include the omega' (1419) isoscalar vector meson pole. It is found that while this GKex cannot simultaneously fit the new R_p and the old G_{En} data, it can fit the new R_p and R_n well simultaneously. An excellent fit to all the remaining data is obtained when the inconsistent G_{Ep} and G_{En} is omitted. The model predictions are shown up to momentum transfer squared, Q^2, of 8 GeV^2/c^2.Comment: 14 pages, 8 figures, using RevTeX4; email correspondence to [email protected] ; minor typos corrected, figures added, conclusions extende

Logarithmic corrections and soft photon phenomenology in the multipole model of the nucleon form factors

We analyzed the presently available experimental data on nucleon electromagnetic form factors within a multipole model based on dispersion relations. A good fit of the data is achieved by considering the coefficients of the multipole expansions as logarithmic functions of the momentum transfer squared. The superconvergence relations, applied to this coefficients, makes the model agree with unitary constraints and pQCD asymptotics for the Dirac and Pauli form factors. The soft photon emission is proposed as a mechanism responsible for the difference between the Rosenbluth, polarization and beam--target--asymmetry data. It is shown, that the experimentally measured cross sections depend not only on the Dirac and Pauli form factors, but also on the average number of the photons emitted. For proton this number is shown to be different for different types of experimental measurements and then estimated phenomenologically. For neutron the same mechanism predicts, that the data form different types of experiments must coincide with high accuracy. A joint fit of all the experimental data reproduce the $Q^2-$dependence with the accuracy $\chi^2/dof=0.86$. Predictions of the model, that 1) the ratios of the proton form factors $G_E/G_M$ are different for Rosenbluth, polarization and beam--target--asymmetry experiments and 2) similar ratios are nearly the same for neutron, can be used for experimental verification of the model.Comment: 14 pages in 2-column format, 4 figures, references added, typos corrected, minor changes in the text, accepted in Eur. Phys. Journal

MEDB-41. Identifying a subgroup of patients with early childhood sonic hedgehog-activated medulloblastoma with unfavorable prognosis after treatment with radiation-sparing regimens including intraventricular methotrexate [Abstract]

PURPOSE/METHODS: Clinical and molecular risk factors in 142 patients 3 years] 47% vs 85% [<1 year] vs 84% [1-3 years], p<0.001). No TP53 mutations were detected (n=47). DNA methylation classification identified three subgroups: SHH-1(v12.3) (n=39), SHH-2(v12.3) (n=19), and SHH-3(v12.3) (n=19), with distinct cytogenetic profiles (chromosome 2 gains in SHH-1(v12.3), very few alterations in SHH-2(v12.3), and chromosome 9q losses in SHH-3(v12.3)), age profiles (median age [years] SHH-1(v12.3): 1.7, SHH-2(v12.3): 0.9, SHH-3(v12.3): 3.0, p<0.001), and histological distribution (SHH-2(v12.3): 74% MBEN, SHH-1(v12.3)/SHH-3(v12.3): 77%/79% DMB, p<0.001). PFS was more unfavorable in patients with SHH-3(v12.3)-medulloblastoma (5-year PFS 53% vs 86% [SHH-1(v12.3)] vs 95% [SHH-2(v12.3)], p=0.002), which remained the only risk factor on multivariable Cox regression for PFS. OS was comparable (5-year OS 94% [SHH-3(v12.3)] vs 97% [SHH-1(v12.3)] vs 100% [SHH-2(v12.3)], p=0.6). 8/9 patients with SHH-3(v12.3)-medulloblastoma received radiotherapy at relapse (6 craniospinal, 2 local [1 Gorlin syndrome, 1 BRCA2 germline mutation], 1 no radiotherapy [Gorlin syndrome]). CONCLUSION: We identify patients with an increased risk of relapse when treated with radiation-sparing approaches among children with early childhood SHH-medulloblastoma. If these tumors differ from SHH-3-medulloblastoma typically described in older children remains to be verified. Treatment recommendations need to consider cancer predisposition syndromes

Neural Network Parameterizations of Electromagnetic Nucleon Form Factors

The electromagnetic nucleon form-factors data are studied with artificial feed forward neural networks. As a result the unbiased model-independent form-factor parametrizations are evaluated together with uncertainties. The Bayesian approach for the neural networks is adapted for chi2 error-like function and applied to the data analysis. The sequence of the feed forward neural networks with one hidden layer of units is considered. The given neural network represents a particular form-factor parametrization. The so-called evidence (the measure of how much the data favor given statistical model) is computed with the Bayesian framework and it is used to determine the best form factor parametrization.Comment: The revised version is divided into 4 sections. The discussion of the prior assumptions is added. The manuscript contains 4 new figures and 2 new tables (32 pages, 15 figures, 2 tables

A new analysis approach of epidermal growth factor receptor pathway activation patterns provides insights into cetuximab resistance mechanisms in head and neck cancer

The pathways downstream of the epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR) have often been implicated to play crucial roles in the development and progression of various cancer types. Different authors have proposed models in cell lines in which they study the modes of pathway activities after perturbation experiments. It is prudent to believe that a better understanding of these pathway activation patterns might lead to novel treatment concepts for cancer patients or at least allow a better stratification of patient collectives into different risk groups or into groups that might respond to different treatments. Traditionally, such analyses focused on the individual players of the pathways. More recently in the field of systems biology, a plethora of approaches that take a more holistic view on the signaling pathways and their downstream transcriptional targets has been developed. Fertig et al. have recently developed a new method to identify patterns and biological process activity from transcriptomics data, and they demonstrate the utility of this methodology to analyze gene expression activity downstream of the EGFR in head and neck squamous cell carcinoma to study cetuximab resistance. Please see related article: http://www.biomedcentral.com/1471-2164/13/16