Thinlayer Chromatography (TLC) and GC-MS Analysis of Somes Medicinal Plants Used in the Treatent of Haemorrhoids

Medicinal plant is one in which, one or more of its organs contains substances that can be used for therapeutic purposes or which are precursors for the synthesis of useful drugs The present study aimed at investigating the lipid composition of Axonopus compressus, Anogeiessus leiocarpus and Senna fistula commonly used in the management of haemorrhoids. The lipid analysis of the three plants was determined by TLC and GC-MS and the GC-MS analysis revealed the presence of some saturated fatty acids such as myristic, palmitic, linoleic, stearic, oleic and lauric acid in all the three extracts. In addition A. compressus contained linoleic and palmitoleic acids, S. fistula contained linolenic acid and A. leiocarpus contained linoleic, linolenic and behenic acids. However, palmitic (C16:0)) and stearic acid (C18:0) were observed to be the predominant fatty acids present in all the three plan extracts. The results showed that many active principles are present in the three plants which could contribute to their usefulness in the management of haemorrhoids. Keywords: Haemorrhoids,Medicinal plants,lipids, TLC,GC-M

Yellow Vein Mosaic disease in kenaf (Hibiscus cannabinus l.) under different sowing dates in two agroecologies

Determination of appropriate sowing dates is an important approach towards obtaining optimum crop yield as it affects the resistance/susceptibility of crops to insect pests and diseases. The study investigated the effect of three sowing dates (May, June and July) on the occurrence and incidence of yellow vein mosaic disease in kenaf variety (IFEKEN-100) planted in the experimental fields of the Institute of Agricultural Research and Training (IAR&T) located in Ibadan and Ilora. The incidence of yellow vein mosaic disease was high in May at the two locations with means of 25 and 30% for Ibadan and Ilora, respectively. Plant height was not significantly different in the two locations across the three months. The highest stem diameter was obtained in May from Ilora and Ibadan with means of 1.44 and 1.53 cm, respectively. The best bast fiber yield was recorded in June at Ibadan with a mean value of 1.72 tha-1. Nucleic acid spot hybridization (NASH) was used to confirm the disease and the results revealed that Begomovirus was present in kenaf sowm in the two locations during the period of the three months except in kenaf sown in July at Ilora. The results of this study revealed the importance of sowing dates on the occurrence of viral diseases on the field. If the sowing date is optimum, the effect of viruses may not be pronounced in the crop as seen in the month of June having relatively low virus incidence as well as the highest plant height and bast fibre yield.Keywords: Begomovirus, kenaf, nucleic acid hybridization, yiel

Non-random distribution of deleterious mutations in the DNA and protein-binding domains of IRF6 are associated with Van Der Woude syndrome

Background: The development of the face occurs during the early days of intrauterine life by the formation of facial processes from the first Pharyngeal arch. Derangement in these well-organized fusion events results in Orofacial clefts (OFC). Van der Woude syndrome (VWS) is one of the most common causes of syndromic cleft lip and/or palate accounting for 2% of all cases. Mutations in the IRF6 gene account for 70% of cases with the majority of these mutations located in the DNA-binding (exon 3, 4) or protein-binding domains (exon 7-9). The current study was designed to update the list of IRF6 variants reported for VWS by compiling all the published mutations from 2013 to date as well as including the previously unreported VWS cases from Africa and Puerto Rico.Methods: We used PubMed with the search terms; "Van der Woude syndrome," "Popliteal pterygium syndrome," "IRF6," and "Orofacial cleft" to identify eligible studies. We compiled the CADD score for all the mutations to determine the percentage of deleterious variants.Results: Twenty-one new mutations were identified from nine papers. The majority of these mutations were in exon 4. Mutations in exon 3 and 4 had CADD scores between 20 and 30 and mutations in exon 7-9 had CADD scores between 30 and 40. The presence of higher CADD scores in the protein-binding domain (exon 7-9) further confirms the crucial role played by this domain in the function of IRF6. In the new cases, we identified five IRF6 mutations, three novel missense mutations (p.Phe36Tyr, p.Lys109Thr, and p.Gln438Leu), and two previously reported nonsense mutations (p.Ser424*and p.Arg250*).Conclusion: Mutations in the protein and DNA-binding domains of IRF6 ranked among the top 0.1% and 1% most deleterious genetic mutations, respectively. Overall, these findings expand the range of VWS mutations and are important for diagnostic and counseling purposes.</p

Impacts of Slips on Peristaltic flow and Heat transfer of micropolar fluids in an asymmetric channel

The study of peristaltic motion is an area of increasing research interest in industrial, biological and engineering interest. In this study, effects of&nbsp; slips on the peristaltic flow and heat transfer of micropolar fluids in an asymmetric channel are investigated analytically. The developed non-linear&nbsp; coupled partial differential equations are converted into non-linear coupled ordinary differential equations using similarity transformation. The&nbsp; ordinary differential equations are solved for the cases when the thermal viscosity parameter is zero and non-zero. Exact solutions are gotten for&nbsp; the cases of linear and non-linear when the thermal viscosity parameter is zero and non-zero, respectively. The obtain results depict that viscous&nbsp; and thermal slips enhances the flow of the bolus as it is being transported through the digestive system. Also, the effect of microrotation helps in reducing the pressure&nbsp; gradient for the flow

Impacts of Slips on Peristaltic flow and Heat transfer of micropolar fluids in an asymmetric channel

The study of peristaltic motion is an area of increasing research interest in industrial, biological and engineering interest. In this study, effects of slips on the peristaltic flow and heat transfer of micropolar fluids in an asymmetric channel are investigated analytically. The developed non-linear coupled partial differential equations are converted into non-linear coupled ordinary differential equations using similarity transformation. The ordinary differential equations are solved for the cases when the thermal viscosity parameter is zero and non-zero. Exact solutions are gotten for the cases of linear and non-linear when the thermal viscosity parameter is zero and non-zero, respectively. The obtain results depict that viscous and thermal slips enhancesthe flow of the bolus as it is being transported through the digestive system. Also, the effect of microrotation helps in reducing the pressure gradient for the flow

Potential use of forage-legume intercropping technologies to adapt to climate-change impacts on mixed crop-livestock systems in Africa: a review

This paper summarizes effects of forage-legume intercropping on grain and fodder yield, land equivalent ratio, residual soil fertility, disease and insect pest reduction in mixed crop-livestock systems in Africa. In particular, it discusses the potential benefit of forage-legume intercropping in improving productivity, resource use efficiency and resilience of the system under climate change, which enhances adaptation to climate change and possibly provides the co-benefit of reducing greenhouse gases in sub-Saharan Africa. Research undertaken in Africa demonstrates that intercropping forage legumes with cereals improves overall yield and soil fertility, and reduces the risk of crop failure owing to rainfall variability, diseases, weeds and pests. When the forage from intercropped legumes is provided to animals it improves the digestibility of poor-quality feed, animal performance and efficiency of roughage feed utilization by ruminants. Additional role that legumes may play include lowering erosion and the loss of organic matter, reducing nitrogen leaching and carbon losses, and promoting carbon sequestration. Nitrogen fixed by legumes is safer than nitrogen from inorganic fertilizers. Despite the many benefits of forage legume intercropping the current adoption rate in sub-Saharan Africa is very low. Future research aimed at selection of compatible varieties, appropriate plant geometry and temporal arrangement of the various intercrops under different locations and management scenarios, as well as minimizing the confounding effects of water, soil, light, microclimate, and seeds could enhance adoption of the technology in Africa.http://link.springer.com/journal/101132018-08-30hb2017Animal and Wildlife SciencesPlant Production and Soil Scienc