STOCK MARKET DEVELOPMENT AND ECONOMIC GROWTH IN NIGERIA: AN EMPIRICAL EXAMINATION (1985-2014)

Abstract This study examined the effect of stock market development o

Evaluation Of Tamarind (Tamarindus indica) Seed Meal As A Dietary Carbohydrate For The Production Of Nile Tilapia Oreochromis niloticus (L)

A feeding study was conducted to assess the value of Tamarind, Tamarindus indica seed meal as dietary carbohydrate in the diets of Nile Tilapia, Oreochromis niloticus. Tamarind seeds were used to replace maize at 0, 20, 40, 60, 80, 100 % substitution levels for treatments 1 to 6. Growth trial was conducted in outdoor concrete tanks for 56 days. The fishes were fed at 4 % body weight twice daiy. There were no significant variations in the mean weight gain, specific growth rate (SGR), food conversion ratio (FCR) and protein efficiency ratio (PER) (p >0.05). The apparent digestibility coefficient (ADC) of protein and energy of the fishes fed diets 1 – 6 were similar (p > 0.05). There were nosignificant differences in the bood total erythrocyte counts, (TEC), pack cell volume (PCV) and red bood cells count (RBC) (p >0.05). Based on the findings, complete replacement of maize with tamarind seed meal in the diets of O. nilotcus is recommended. Keywords: Tamarind, Replacement, Maize, Oreochromis niloticus Animal Research International Vol. 1 (3) 2004 pp. 164-16

In Vitro Studies on the Antioxidant Property and Inhibition of -Amylase, -Glucosidase, and Angiotensin I-Converting Enzyme by Polyphenol-Rich Extracts from Cocoa (Theobroma cacao) Bean

This study sought to investigate the antidiabetic and antihypertensive mechanisms of cocoa (Theobroma cacao) bean through inhibition of -amylase, -glucosidase, angiotensin-1 converting enzyme, and oxidative stress. Methodology. The total phenol and flavonoid contents of the water extractable phytochemicals from the powdered cocoa bean were determined and the effects of the extract on -amylase, -glucosidase, and angiotensin-1 converting enzyme activities were investigated in vitro. Furthermore, the radicals [1,1-diphenyl-2 picrylhydrazyl (DPPH), 2,2..-azino-bis(3-ethylbenzthiazoline-6-sulphonic acid) (ABTS), hydroxyl (OH), and nitric oxide (NO)] scavenging ability and ferric reducing antioxidant property of the extract were assessed. Results. The results revealed that the extract inhibited -amylase (1.81 ± 0.22 mg/mL), -glucosidase (1.84 ± 0.17 mg/mL), and angiotensin-1 converting enzyme (0.674 ± 0.06 mg/mL [lungs], 1.006 ± 0.08 mg/mL [heart]) activities in a dose-dependent manner and also showed dose-dependent radicals [DPPH (16.94 ± 1.34 mg/mL), NO (6.98 ± 0.886 mg/mL), OH (3.72 ± 0.26 mg/mL), and ABTS (15.7 ± 1.06 mmol/TEAC⋅g] scavenging ability. Conclusion. The inhibition of -amylase, -glucosidase, and angiotensin-1 converting enzyme activities by the cocoa bean extract could be part of the possible mechanism by which the extract could manage and/or prevent type-2 diabetes and hypertension