2010 Nebraska Population by Sex and Five-Year Age Group: Non-White or Hispanic /Lati no (Minority Population)

Source: 2010 Census (SF1: P12 and P12I), U.S. CensusBurea

Sleep Analytics and Online Selective Anomaly Detection

We introduce a new problem, the Online Selective Anomaly Detection (OSAD), to model a specific scenario emerging from research in sleep science. Scientists have segmented sleep into several stages and stage two is characterized by two patterns (or anomalies) in the EEG time series recorded on sleep subjects. These two patterns are sleep spindle (SS) and K-complex. The OSAD problem was introduced to design a residual system, where all anomalies (known and unknown) are detected but the system only triggers an alarm when non-SS anomalies appear. The solution of the OSAD problem required us to combine techniques from both machine learning and control theory. Experiments on data from real subjects attest to the effectiveness of our approach.Comment: Submitted to 20th ACM SIGKDD Conference on Knowledge Discovery and Data Mining 201

Polarized radio emission from extensive air showers measured with LOFAR

We present LOFAR measurements of radio emission from extensive air showers. We find that this emission is strongly polarized, with a median degree of polarization of nearly $99\%$, and that the angle between the polarization direction of the electric field and the Lorentz force acting on the particles, depends on the observer location in the shower plane. This can be understood as a superposition of the radially polarized charge-excess emission mechanism, first proposed by Askaryan and the geomagnetic emission mechanism proposed by Kahn and Lerche. We calculate the relative strengths of both contributions, as quantified by the charge-excess fraction, for $163$ individual air showers. We find that the measured charge-excess fraction is higher for air showers arriving from closer to the zenith. Furthermore, the measured charge-excess fraction also increases with increasing observer distance from the air shower symmetry axis. The measured values range from $(3.3\pm 1.0)\%$ for very inclined air showers at $25\, \mathrm{m}$ to $(20.3\pm 1.3)\%$ for almost vertical showers at $225\, \mathrm{m}$. Both dependencies are in qualitative agreement with theoretical predictions.Comment: 22 pages, 14 figures, accepted for publication in JCA

The radio emission pattern of air showers as measured with LOFAR - a tool for the reconstruction of the energy and the shower maximum

The pattern of the radio emission of air showers is finely sampled with the Low-Frequency ARray (LOFAR). A set of 382 measured air showers is used to test a fast, analytic parameterization of the distribution of pulse powers. Using this parameterization we are able to reconstruct the shower axis and give estimators for the energy of the air shower as well as the distance to the shower maximum.Comment: 15 pages, 10 figures, accepted for publication in JCA

A method for high precision reconstruction of air shower Xmax using two-dimensional radio intensity profiles

The mass composition of cosmic rays contains important clues about their origin. Accurate measurements are needed to resolve long-standing issues such as the transition from Galactic to extragalactic origin, and the nature of the cutoff observed at the highest energies. Composition can be studied by measuring the atmospheric depth of the shower maximum Xmax of air showers generated by high-energy cosmic rays hitting the Earth's atmosphere. We present a new method to reconstruct Xmax based on radio measurements. The radio emission mechanism of air showers is a complex process that creates an asymmetric intensity pattern on the ground. The shape of this pattern strongly depends on the longitudinal development of the shower. We reconstruct Xmax by fitting two-dimensional intensity profiles, simulated with CoREAS, to data from the LOFAR radio telescope. In the dense LOFAR core, air showers are detected by hundreds of antennas simultaneously. The simulations fit the data very well, indicating that the radiation mechanism is now well-understood. The typical uncertainty on the reconstruction of Xmax for LOFAR showers is 17 g/cm^2.Comment: 12 pages, 10 figures, submitted to Phys. Rev.

Inferring the time-dependent complex Ginzburg-Landau equation from modulus data

We present a formalism for inferring the equation of evolution of a complex wave field that is known to obey an otherwise unspecified (2+1)-dimensional time-dependent complex Ginzburg-Landau equation, given field moduli over three closely-spaced planes. The phase of the complex wave field is retrieved via a non-interferometric method, and all terms in the equation of evolution are determined using only the magnitude of the complex wave field. The formalism is tested using simulated data for a generalized nonlinear system with a single-component complex wave field. The method can be generalized to multi-component complex fields.Comment: 9 pages, 9 figure

The Spontaneous Nature of Lightning Initiation Revealed

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Fertigung laminarer optischer Gitter am HZB

Laminare optische Gitter stellen höchste Anforderungen an die mikrosystemtechnische Fertigung der Mikro und Nano strukturen in Hinsicht auf Präzision und Homogenität. Im Rahmen des EU Projektes Aufbau eines Technologiezent rums für hocheffiziente optische Präzisionsgitter am Helmholtz Zentrum Berlin HZB EFRE Vertrag Nr. 20072013 2 43 [1,2] wurden die für die Herstellung von laminaren und geblazten Gittern notwendigen Anlagen in Betrieb ge nommen. Gleichzeitig wurde mit der Prozessentwicklung begonnen. In diesem Artikel werden die neuesten Prozessergebnisse von durch Laserinterferenzlithographie LIL in Photoresist erzeugter Gitterstrukturen und deren nur wenige Nanometer tiefe Übertragung in Siliziumsubstrate mittels Ionenstrahl ätzen vorgestellt. english version Laminar optical gratings impose highest demands on microsystem technological manufacturing with regard to precision and uniformity. Within the project Installation of a technology centre for highly efficient precision gratings at Helm holtz Zentrum Berlin HZB EFRE Vertrag Nr. 20072013 2 43 [1,2] the necessary systems for the manufacturing of laminar and blazed gratings were taken into operation and process development has started. In this article we present the results of grating structures manufactured with laser interference lithography and subse quent ion beam etchin