Climatic niche dynamics of three widespread cardiospermum (paullinieae, sapindaceae) species revealed possible dispersal pathways

The genus Cardiospermum comprises eight species distributed in the American continent, from central-eastern United States of America to central Argentina, Uruguay, and Chile; C. corindum, C. grandiflorum, and C. halicacabum are distributed worldwide. Howthese species spread to the African continent from the Americas and from Africa to the rest of theworld remains to be understood. Two hypotheses were tested in this study: The species would have colonized the African continent either naturally, through extreme long-distance dispersal, or via human activities. Our work considers the niche conservatism principle, which states that a species tends to retain aspects of its fundamental niche over space and time; however, a deviation (i.e. niche shift) may be detected, indicating that the ecological and evolutionary traits of the species change in response to environmental modifications. We compared the niche of each of the three species based on their known occurrences, both in the Americas and in the rest of the world, and on climatic variables. We performed an environmental niche modelling analysis for three periods: Holocene, Last Glacial Maximum, and the present. In addition, a Principal Components Analysis of climatic variables associated with known occurrences was performed through the COUE scheme. Our results suggest an early migration of C. corindum and C. halicacabum from the Americas to Africa; therefore, these two species would be native to these ranges, as proposed in previous studies. In addition, a recent introduction event of C. grandiflorum to Africa, and from Africa to India, Asia, and Oceania, was detected, which confirms the invasive status of this species outside the Americas.Fil: Coulleri, Juan Pablo. Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas. Centro Científico Tecnológico Conicet - Nordeste. Instituto de Botánica del Nordeste. Universidad Nacional del Nordeste. Facultad de Ciencias Agrarias. Instituto de Botánica del Nordeste; ArgentinaFil: Simelane, David O.. Agricultural Research Center; SudáfricaFil: Mawela, Ketani. Agricultural Research Center; SudáfricaFil: Ferrucci, Maria Silvia. Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas. Centro Científico Tecnológico Conicet - Nordeste. Instituto de Botánica del Nordeste. Universidad Nacional del Nordeste. Facultad de Ciencias Agrarias. Instituto de Botánica del Nordeste; Argentin

Effects of salmon calcitonin and calcitonin gene related peptide (CGRP) on gastric mucosal barrier in stress induced rats

The aim of this investigation was to examine and compare the effects of calcitonin gene related peptide (CGRP) and salmon calcitonin (sCT) on gastric lesions and mucosal barrier components such as mucus and phospholipids in rats exposed to cold + restraint stress (CRS). Twenty-eight Wistar albino rats (150 – 200 g) used for this study were provided by the Animal Health and Research Center of Dicle University Diyarbakir/Turkey (DUSAM). The rats were withheld from feeds for 24 h; then, they were divided into four groups - each of which consisted of seven rats such as: control, stress, and CGRP +CRS and sCT + CRS groups. CGRP and sCT were administered 10 ìg/kg intravenously 30 min prior to stress induction. After scarification of the rats, stomachs were examined macroscopically for ulcerative lesions. The amounts of mucus and phospholipids, which are important components of the gastric mucosal barrier, were then measured according to Corne and Baur methods. It was found that cold + restraining stress caused gastric lesions to increase, and that the application of CGRP and sCTdecreased the lesions (P = 0.002, P = 0.001 respectively). Moreover, at the same time, it was determined that the decrease in the amount of mucus and phospholipids, due to the stress, was preventedsignificantly by administration of CGRP and sCT; for mucus as P = 0.002 and P = 0.002 respectively, for phospholipids as P = 0.002 and P = 0.002, respectively. According to our findings, CGRP and sCT werefound to be effective in preventing acute hemorrhagic gastric lesions caused by stress, and in maintaining gastric mucosal barrier parameters

Experimental acute kidney injury

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