Main models of latin, russian and english nomenclature names of veins in terminologia anatomica (1998)

The main model sof Latin, Russian and English nomenclature names of veinsare identified and analyzed. An attempt to make a comparative analysis of the multilingual structural models of these categories is made.Выявляются и анализируются основные модели латинских, русских и английских номенклатурных наименований вен. Осуществляется попытка сравнительного анализа разноязычных структурных моделей названных номинаций

Medical terminological names with the meaning «sleep» and «night»

The purpose of the study is to identify names containing root morphemes with the meaning "sleep" and "night", borrowed from the names of mythological characters. This work is relevant due to the scientific interest in terminology.Цель исследования – выявить наименования, содержащие в себе корневые морфемы со значением «сон» и «ночь», заимствованные из имен мифологических персонажей

Metaphorical anatomical names

The purpose of the study is to identify metaphorical nominations in the anatomical nomenclature; to establish a basis for metaphorical transfer.Цель исследования – выявить метафорические номинации в анатомической номенклатуре; установить основание для метафорического переноса

CD8(+) T cells retain protective functions despite sustained inhibitory receptor expression during Epstein-Barr virus infection in vivo

Epstein Barr virus (EBV) is one of the most ubiquitous human pathogens in the world, persistently infecting more than 90% of the adult human population. It drives some of the strongest human CD8+ T cell responses, which can be observed during symptomatic primary infection known as infectious mononucleosis (IM). Despite high viral loads and prolonged CD8+ T cell stimulation during IM, EBV enters latency and is under lifelong immune control in most individuals that experience this disease. We investigated whether changes in T cell function, as frequently characterized by PD-1 up-regulation, occur during IM due to the prolonged exposure to high antigen levels. We readily detected the expansion of PD-1 positive CD8+ T cells together with high frequencies of Tim-3, 2B4, and KLRG1 expression during IM and in mice with reconstituted human immune system components (huNSG mice) that had been infected with a high dose of EBV. These PD-1 positive CD8+ T cells, however, retained proliferation, cytokine production, and cytotoxic abilities. Multiple subsets of CD8+ T cells expanded during EBV infection, including PD-1+ Tim-3+ KLRG1+ cells that express CXCR5 and TCF-1 germinal center homing and memory markers, and may also contain BATF3. Moreover, blocking the PD-1 axis compromised EBV specific immune control and resulted in virus-associated lymphomagenesis. Finally, PD-1+ , Tim-3+ , and KLRG1+ CD8+ T cell expansion coincided with declining viral loads during low dose EBV infection. These findings suggest that EBV infection primes PD-1 positive CD8+ T cell populations that rely on this receptor axis for the efficient immune control of this ubiquitous human tumor virus

Прогноз социально-экономического бремени хронической обструктивной болезни легких в Российской Федерации в 2022 году

Chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) is characterized by a high level of morbidity and mortality and is associated with significant social and economic losses for the health care system and society.Aim. To predict the socio-economic burden of COPD in the Russian Federation in 2022, including the cost of drug treatment.Methods. The socio-economic burden of COPD in the Russian Federation in 2022 was predicted with and without taking into account the impact of COVID-19. The analysis of the cost of illness included the calculation of direct and indirect costs due to COPD. Data of Federal State Statistics Service, the State Guarantee Program of Free Medical Care for Citizens of Russian Federation, and data from the regional register of drug treatment of patients with COPD were used. Costs of medical care (ambulatory, hospital, and emergency care) were calculated based on compulsory health insurance tariffs. The disability benefits payments were calculated based on number of disabled persons and the amount of the disability benefit in each group. Indirect costs (or economic losses) included losses from products which were not produced due to disability and premature mortality of working-aged adults.Results. The predicted total economic losses due to COPD in 2022 will be 428.5 billion rubles when taking into account the impact of COVID-19, and 378.9 billion rubles when not accounting for COVID-19. Losses in the economy due to decreased labor productivity because of premature deaths (86%) are major part of the main burden. The cost of drug therapy for patients with COPD in outpatient settings will amount to over 17 billion rubles.Conclusion. Potential economic burden of COPD in 2022 depends on the incidence of COVID-19 and could be 0.34% of the GDP. Priority should be given to measures aimed at preventing the occurrence of COPD by correcting risk factors in the population, early diagnosis, slowing the progression of the disease and preventing exacerbations. Prevention of respiratory infections including COVID-19 in patients with COPD plays a special role.Хроническая обструктивная болезнь легких (ХОБЛ) характеризуется высоким уровнем заболеваемости и смертности и ассоциирована со значительным социальным и экономическим ущербом (ЭУ) для системы здравоохранения и общества.Целью работы явился прогноз социально-экономического бремени ХОБЛ в Российской Федерации (РФ) в 2022 г., включая затраты на лекарственную терапию.Материалы и методы. Приведен прогноз социально-экономического бремени ХОБЛ в РФ в 2022 г. с учетом и без учета влияния COVID-19. Анализ стоимости болезни включал расчет прямых и косвенных затрат, обусловленных ХОБЛ. Источниками данных служили показатели Федеральной службы государственной статистики, Программы государственных гарантий бесплатного оказания гражданам медицинской помощи, данные регионального регистра о медикаментозной терапии больных ХОБЛ. На основании тарифов на оплату медицинской помощи по обязательному медицинскому страхованию рассчитаны затраты на оказание амбулаторной, стационарной и скорой медицинской помощи. Объем выплат пособий по инвалидности рассчитывался по числу инвалидов каждой группы и величине пособия по инвалидности. Непрямые затраты включали потери для экономики от непроизведенной продукции из-за утраты трудоспособности и преждевременной смерти в экономически активном возрасте.Результаты. С учетом влияния COVID-19 прогнозируемый совокупный ЭУ от ХОБЛ на 2022 г. составит 428,5 млрд руб., без учета – 378,9 млрд руб. В структуре основного ЭУ превалируют потери в вследствие снижения производительности труда, обусловленные преждевременной смертью (86 %). Затраты на медикаментозную терапию пациентов с ХОБЛ на амбулаторном этапе составят > 17 млрд руб.Заключение. Потенциальный ЭУ от ХОБЛ в 2022 г. зависит от заболеваемости COVID-19 и может достигнуть 0,34 % валового внутреннего продукта. Первоочередное внимание должно быть уделено мерам, направленным на профилактику возникновения ХОБЛ за счет коррекции факторов риска в популяции, раннюю диагностику, замедление прогрессирования заболевания и предупреждение обострений. Особую роль играет профилактика респираторных инфекций у больных ХОБЛ, включая COVID-19

Neuroendocrine–immune disequilibrium and endometriosis: an interdisciplinary approach

Endometriosis, a chronic disease characterized by endometrial tissue located outside the uterine cavity, affects one fourth of young women and is associated with chronic pelvic pain and infertility. However, an in-depth understanding of the pathophysiology and effective treatment strategies of endometriosis is still largely elusive. Inadequate immune and neuroendocrine responses are significantly involved in the pathophysiology of endometriosis, and key findings are summarized in the present review. We discuss here the role of different immune mechanisms particularly adhesion molecules, protein–glycan interactions, and pro-angiogenic mediators in the development and progression of the disease. Finally, we introduce the concept of endometrial dissemination as result of a neuroendocrine-immune disequilibrium in response to high levels of perceived stress caused by cardinal clinical symptoms of endometriosis

Correction of asymmetric dimethylarginine-like pre-eclampsia in rats by micronized purified flavonoids fraction

This study aims to study the effectiveness of using purified micronized flavonoid fraction (diosmin+flavonoids expressed as hesperidin) in the correction of functional disorders that occur during pre-eclampsia in the experimen

The effectiveness of trimetazidine and its combination with methyldopa in experimental preeclampsia

To investigate the effectiveness of trimetazidine and its combination with methyldopa with preeclampsia in an experimen

Basic therapy efficacy in children with pulmonary hypertension related to congenital heart defects: place of endothelial dysfunction and systemic inflammation markers

Aim. To evaluate efficacy of the specific therapy by results of 4-year observation of patients with pulmonary arterial hypertension associated with congenital heart defects (PH-CHD)Material and methods. The evaluation is provided, of endotheliumcondition dynamics during one year (baseline, in 6 and 12 months) by the level of endothelium dysfunction markers, cells reparation and proinflammatory factor — interleukin-1. Dynamics of clinical status of patients and of the condition of the right heart chambers by echocardiography with Doppler study, was monitored during 4 years.Results. In severe PH patients under bosentan complex therapy the clinical improvement was marked as exercise tolerance improvement, decreased rate of pulmonary crises and decreased functional class of the disease, tendency to increase life duration. In bosentan group, there was 10-time reduction of vascular endothelial growth factor level, double decrease of sPECAM-1 and by 70% — of proinflammatory cytokine interleukin-1. In moderate and severe PH without bosentan therapy there was statistically significant increase of sPECAM-1, increase of vascular endothelial growth factor by 5 and 2 times, respectively, and progression of the disease.Conclusion. For infants with PH-CHD, complex bosentan therapy makes it for clear clinical improvement related to antiproliferative and antiaggregant effects, which are mediated by non-selective inhibition of endothelin-1 receptors. Absence of PH-specific therapy determines the progression of disease, irrelevant to functional class