3,670 research outputs found
A multi-layer extension of the stochastic heat equation
Motivated by recent developments on solvable directed polymer models, we
define a 'multi-layer' extension of the stochastic heat equation involving
non-intersecting Brownian motions.Comment: v4: substantially extended and revised versio
Drivers of intrapopulation variation in resource use in a generalist predator, the macaroni penguin
Intrapopulation variation in resource use occurs in many populations of generalist predators with important community and evolutionary implications. One of the hypothesised mechanisms for such widespread variation is ecological opportunity, i.e. resource availability determined by intrinsic constraints and extrinsic conditions. We combined tracking data and stable isotope analysis to examine how breeding constraints and prey conditions influenced intrapopulation variation in resource use among macaroni penguins Eudyptes chrysolophus. Isotopic variation was also examined as a function of breeding success, individual traits and individual specialisation. Variation in isotope ratios was greatest across multiple tissue types when birds were able to undertake mid-range foraging trips (i.e. during incubation and pre-moult). This variation was highly consistent between years that spanned a 3-fold difference in local krill Euphausia superba density and was also highly consistent at the individual level between 2 years that had similar krill densities. However, by comparing our results with previous work on the same population, it appeared that a decrease in local prey availability can increase intrapopulation variation in resource use during periods with more restricted foraging ranges (i.e. during brood-guard and crèche). This study highlights the importance of considering ecological interactions that operate on multiple spatio-temporal scales when examining the drivers of resource use in populations of generalist predators
Isospin Breaking and -> Decay
We study decay up to including all orders of the chiral
expansion and one-loop level of mesons in formlism of chiral constituent quark
model. This G-parity forbidden decay is caused by and
electromagnetic interaction of mesons. We illustrate that in the formlism both
nonresonant contact interaction and resonance exchange contribute to
this process, and the contribution from resonance exchange is dominant.
We obtain that transition matrix element is
MeV, and
isospin breaking parameter is MeV at energy scale .Comment: Revtex file, 16 pages, four eps figur
Dynamics of a tagged particle in the asymmetric exclusion process with the step initial condition
The one-dimensional totally asymmetric simple exclusion process (TASEP) is
considered. We study the time evolution property of a tagged particle in TASEP
with the step-type initial condition. Calculated is the multi-time joint
distribution function of its position. Using the relation of the dynamics of
TASEP to the Schur process, we show that the function is represented as the
Fredholm determinant. We also study the scaling limit. The universality of the
largest eigenvalue in the random matrix theory is realized in the limit. When
the hopping rates of all particles are the same, it is found that the joint
distribution function converges to that of the Airy process after the time at
which the particle begins to move. On the other hand, when there are several
particles with small hopping rate in front of a tagged particle, the limiting
process changes at a certain time from the Airy process to the process of the
largest eigenvalue in the Hermitian multi-matrix model with external sources.Comment: 48 pages, 8 figure
Time-Series Photometry of M67: W UMa Systems, Blue Stragglers, and Related Systems
We present an analysis of over 2200 V images taken on 14 nights at the Mt.
Laguna 1 m telescope of the open cluster M67. Our observations overlap but
extend beyond the field analyzed by Gilliland et al. (1991), and complement
data recently published by van den Berg et al. (2002) and Stassun et al.
(2002). We show variability in the light curves of all 4 of the known W UMa
variables on timescales ranging from a day to decades (for AH Cnc). We have
modeled the light curve of AH Cnc, and the total eclipses allow us to determine
q = 0.16 +0.03/-0.02 and i = 86 +4/-8 degrees. The position of this system near
the turnoff of M67 makes it useful for constraining the turnoff mass for the
cluster. We have also detected two unusual features in the light curve of AH
Cnc that may be caused by prominences. We have also monitored cluster blue
stragglers for variability, and we present evidence hinting at low level
variations in the stragglers S752, S968, and S1263, and we place limits on the
variability of a number of other cluster blue stragglers. Finally, we provide
photometry of the sub-subgiant branch star S1063 showing variability on
timescales similar to the orbital period, while the ``red straggler'' S1040
shows evidence of an unexplained drop in brightness at phases corresponding to
the passage of the white dwarf in front of the giant.Comment: 44 pages, 16 figures, AASTeX, accepted for A
Evidence on anti-malarial and diagnostic markets in Cambodia to guide malaria elimination strategies and policies
BACKGROUND: Understanding Cambodia's anti-malarial and diagnostic landscape in 2015 is critical for informing and monitoring strategies and policies as Cambodia moves forward with national efforts to eliminate malaria. The aim of this paper is to present timely and key findings on the public and private sector anti-malarial and diagnostic landscape in Cambodia. This evidence can serve as a baseline benchmark for guiding implementation of national strategies as well as other regional initiatives to address malaria elimination activities. METHODS: From August 17th to October 1st, 2015, a cross sectional, nationally-representative malaria outlet survey was conducted in Cambodia. A census of all public and private outlets with potential to distribute malaria testing and/or treatment was conducted among 180 communes. An audit was completed for all anti-malarials, malaria rapid diagnostic tests (RDT) and microscopy. RESULTS: A total of 26,664 outlets were screened, and 1303 outlets were eligible and interviewed. Among all screened outlets in the public sector, 75.9% of public health facilities and 67.7% of community health workers stocked both malaria diagnostic testing and a first-line artemisinin-based combination therapy (ACT). Among anti-malarial-stocking private sector outlets, 64.7% had malaria blood testing available, and 70.9% were stocking a first-line ACT. Market share data illustrate that most of the anti-malarials were sold or distributed through the private sector (58.4%), including itinerant drug vendors (23.4%). First-line ACT accounted for the majority of the market share across the public and private sectors (90.3%). Among private sector outlets stocking any anti-malarial, the proportion of outlets with a first-line ACT or RDT was higher among outlets that had reportedly received one or more forms of 'support' (e.g. reportedly received training in the previous year on malaria diagnosis [RDT and/or microscopy] and/or the national treatment guidelines for malaria) compared to outlets that did not report receiving any support (ACT: 82.1 and 60.6%, respectively; RDT: 78.2 and 64.0%, respectively). CONCLUSION: The results point to high availability and distribution of first-line ACT and widespread availability of malaria diagnosis, especially in the public sector. This suggests that there is a strong foundation for achieving elimination goals in Cambodia. However, key gaps in terms of availability of malaria commodities for case management must be addressed, particularly in the private sector where most people seek treatment. Continued engagement with the private sector will be important to ensure accelerated progress towards malaria elimination
Thermocurrents and their Role in high Q Cavity Performance
Over the past years it became evident that the quality factor of a
superconducting cavity is not only determined by its surface preparation
procedure, but is also influenced by the way the cavity is cooled down.
Moreover, different data sets exists, some of them indicate that a slow
cool-down through the critical temperature is favourable while other data
states the exact opposite. Even so there where speculations and some models
about the role of thermo-currents and flux-pinning, the difference in behaviour
remained a mystery. In this paper we will for the first time present a
consistent theoretical model which we confirmed by data that describes the role
of thermo-currents, driven by temperature gradients and material transitions.
We will clearly show how they impact the quality factor of a cavity, discuss
our findings, relate it to findings at other labs and develop mitigation
strategies which especially addresses the issue of achieving high quality
factors of so-called nitrogen doped cavities in horizontal test
Deterministic entanglement of photons in two superconducting microwave resonators
Quantum entanglement, one of the defining features of quantum mechanics, has
been demonstrated in a variety of nonlinear spin-like systems. Quantum
entanglement in linear systems has proven significantly more challenging, as
the intrinsic energy level degeneracy associated with linearity makes quantum
control more difficult. Here we demonstrate the quantum entanglement of photon
states in two independent linear microwave resonators, creating N-photon NOON
states as a benchmark demonstration. We use a superconducting quantum circuit
that includes Josephson qubits to control and measure the two resonators, and
we completely characterize the entangled states with bipartite Wigner
tomography. These results demonstrate a significant advance in the quantum
control of linear resonators in superconducting circuits.Comment: 11 pages, 11 figures, and 3 tables including supplementary materia
Extracting Br(omega->pi^+ pi^-) from the Time-like Pion Form-factor
We extract the G-parity-violating branching ratio Br(omega->pi^+ pi^-) from
the effective rho-omega mixing matrix element Pi_{rho omega}(s), determined
from e^+e^- -> pi^+ pi^- data. The omega->pi^+ pi^- partial width can be
determined either from the time-like pion form factor or through the constraint
that the mixed physical propagator D_{rho omega}^{mu nu}(s) possesses no poles.
The two procedures are inequivalent in practice, and we show why the first is
preferred, to find finally Br(omega->pi^+ pi^-) = 1.9 +/- 0.3%.Comment: 12 pages (published version
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