THE IMPACT OF INFANT-TODDLER SCREEN TIME ON SELF-REGULATION AND BEHAVIOR CHALLENGES: THE ROLE OF PARENTING STYLE AND SOCIO-ECONOMIC STATUS

As young children are growing up in a digitally enmeshed world, there is growing concern about the developmental impacts of screen time. Given the importance of early rapid brain development, understanding the developmental outcomes of screen time in early childhood is critical. Current research suggests that excessive screen time may lead to delays in physical, cognitive, and language development. However, the impact of screen time on socio-emotional development among young children (0-5 years) is not well understood. Therefore, the present study examined the effects of screen time on social-emotional outcomes of 12-to-36-month-old children, specifically, the impact on self-regulation and behavior challenges per parent report. Additionally, the study examined the moderating effects of parenting style and socio-economic status on screen time and each of the outcome variables. Results demonstrated that screen time was significantly associated with self-regulation and behavior challenges. Also, screen time was related to socio-economic status. However, no moderating effects of parenting style and socio-economic status were found. The findings contribute to a more comprehensive understanding of the impact of screen time by specifically examining social-emotional development and by focusing on an age group that has generally not been considered. Future research is necessary to better understand developmentally appropriate screen time practices for young children to ensure optimal development of future generations

A Community-dwelling Older Adult with Concurrent Human Immunodeficiency Virus, Type 1 Diabetes Mellitus and Peripheral Neuropathy: A Case Report.

ABSTRACT Background: Peripheral neuropathy (PN) may be idiopathic, iatrogenic, or be caused by any number of chronic diseases such as human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) and type 1 diabetes mellitus (DM1). PN is of particular interest to physical therapists, because it contributes to an individual’s risk of falling. Purpose: (1) To describe a community-dwelling older adult with HIV, DM1, PN, and neurotoxic medication use (2) Highlight the pathophysiology of each diagnoses and resulting neuropathy and describe their effect on clinical decision-making when they are both present. Case Description: A seventy-two year-old man presented to outpatient physical therapy with PN and concurrent HIV and DM1. Physical examination identified decreased somatosensation and proprioception amongst other findings. Based on Functional Reach Test (FRT) and the Activities-Specific Balance Confidence Scale (ABC) fall risk cutoff scores, he was at risk of falling. Due to his PN, he was hindered in his ability to maintain balance in low-light situations, traverse stairs with objects in hand, and navigate crowded spaces while traveling and taking photographs. Intervention included balance-challenging neuromotor exercises, progressing in difficulty, and including static, dynamic, anticipatory, and reactive balance interventions. Outcomes: Despite chronic health conditions, the patient experienced meaningful improvements in balance ability and balance confidence. Over 5 sessions of physical therapy in 7 weeks, he improved his scores and was no longer a fall risk on the FRT and ABC. Discussion: PN may be the result of a single diagnosis, or multiple concurrent diagnoses. Studies are much more likely to include individuals with PN from a single source, as opposed to multiple concurrent diagnoses. In the presence of multiple etiologies, it is difficult to determine the best physical therapy intervention approach. Areas for future research may take two directions: (1) Including patients with coexisting conditions in trials (2) Stratification with very clear description of diagnoses in studies seeking optimal examination and intervention approaches. Conclusion: In the absence of clearer guidelines and stratification, an understanding of pathophysiology, patient goals and expectations, and preliminary published evidence should be used to develop an individualized approach to evaluating and treating individuals with PN

The Grizzly, September 1, 1989

U.C. Transition • Diverse Freshman Diverge on Ursinus • Letter: Frosh Finds Staff Discourteous • Corson Facelift Removes Moles • Bright Moments Jazz Steams Bomberger Night • Bio Grants Lend Expansion • Lax: National Champs! • Wood Takes Titles • Lacrosse Coaches Retire • Lady Bears: Few, But Strong • Bears to Repeat • St. Joe\u27s / U.C. MBA Still O.K. • Academic Year Openedhttps://digitalcommons.ursinus.edu/grizzlynews/1238/thumbnail.jp

The Grizzly, January 26, 1990

Campus Additions are Muddling Thru • Dennis Gould Makes His Life in Art With Inner Voice • Letters: GDI Supports Power\u27s Points; Corson Operator Boxing Impersonal; Fashion Focus Offensive • A Civil Voice Inspires • Bookstore Buyback Prices Fair? • UC Hoopsters Have Winning Potential! • Slippery When Wet! • Aquabears: Quality not Quantity • Lady Tumblers Hopeful • Grappling to Victory • Corson Special: Phone in a Box • Student Symposium • Lantern Finally Here • Vacancies Filled • Bears On Their Way! • Athletes of the Week • Changes on Track • Student-Faculty Interactions Beneficial for Both • Kriebel to Lecture at Museum • Workshops Offeredhttps://digitalcommons.ursinus.edu/grizzlynews/1249/thumbnail.jp

Is This Seat Taken? Multifaceted Research Study to Inform the Chicago, Illinois, Transit Authority\u27s Future Rail Car Seating Design

The Chicago Transit Authority (CTA) in Illinois conducted a research study to inform the purchase of rail cars. The study comprised customer surveys, qualitative observations of customer behavior, and quantitative analysis of station dwell times. Traditionally, CTA rail cars were configured with transverse seats of various quantities, standing areas, and supporting infrastructure for standees, such as poles. Since November 2011, CTA has been phasing in the 5000-series car, which offers longitudinal seats with the potential for more standing room and increased capacity especially during peak periods. The study reported in this paper used multiple methodologies to compare customer preference, passenger flow and behavior, and train operation of three rail car types on the basis of the impact of seat configuration. Results indicated that most customers preferred transverse seats. Rail cars with longitudinal seats were unable to accommodate more people than other cars, because the varied length of people\u27s legs restricted room for standing riders. Customers found comfortable standing spaces in existing 3200-series cars with 2 x 1 seating, which created staggered standing room in the center aisle. The availability of many poles in this series and fewer weather panels led to shortened dwell times and increased capacity. The study questioned whether longitudinal seats could increase car capacity. Contrary to theoretical estimates and expectations, CTA found no evidence that more standing room increased car capacity. Further research is encouraged on systems in which rail cars differ in their dimensions from narrow CTA rail cars to understand how customer interactions and preferences for other seating configurations affect rail car capacity

How Close Is Close Enough?

Stagnant budgets and growing rates of Internet access have increased the appeal of replacing traditional survey methods with electronic ones. Online surveys are particularly appealing in the public transit industry because of the expense and logistical difficulty of surveying customers onboard buses and trains. It is therefore critical to understand, quantify, and test the differences between onboard versus online transit survey data. Traditional hypothesis tests are designed to show that two sample statistics most likely come from different populations. However, failing to find a diference cannot be interpreted as evidence that there is no difference. Furthermore, a difference may be statistically significant but so small as to provide no practical insight (which often happens when working with large sample sizes). Statistical equivalence testing provides an analytical framework with which to evaluate whether two data sets are similar enough to be interchangeable (i.e., statistically equivalent). The paper describes statistical equivalence tests conducted on customer satisfaction data collected onboard transit systems and data collected electronically with e-mail lists from users of the same systems. Researchers compared proportions of satisfied customers across various economic and travel behavior characteristics between these data sets. Within the chosen threshold of .05 (statistics within 5 percentage points of one another), one of the two data sets evaluated shows strong evidence of equivalence between onboard and online survey methods, while the other data set shows strong evidence of nonequivalence. Findings support the idea that, at least in some cases, online surveys can substitute for onboard ones