Core-Accretion Model Predicts Few Jovian-Mass Planets Orbiting Red Dwarfs

The favored theoretical explanation for giant planet formation -- in both our solar system and others -- is the core accretion model (although it still has some serious difficulties). In this scenario, planetesimals accumulate to build up planetary cores, which then accrete nebular gas. With current opacity estimates for protoplanetary envelopes, this model predicts the formation of Jupiter-mass planets in 2--3 Myr at 5 AU around solar-mass stars, provided that the surface density of solids is enhanced over that of the minimum-mass solar nebula (by a factor of a few). Working within the core-accretion paradigm, this paper presents theoretical calculations which show that the formation of Jupiter-mass planets orbiting M dwarf stars is seriously inhibited at all radial locations (in sharp contrast to solar-type stars). Planet detection programs sensitive to companions of M dwarfs will test this prediction in the near future.Comment: 10 pages including 2 figures; accepted to ApJ Letter

Mottness: Identifying the Propagating Charge Modes in doped Mott Insulators

High-temperature superconductivity in the copper-oxide ceramics remains an unsolved problem because we do not know what the propagating degrees of freedom are in the normal state. As a result, we do not know what are the weakly interacting degrees of freedom which pair up to form the superconducting condensate. That the electrons are not the propagating degrees of freedom in the cuprates is seen most directly from experiments that show spectral weight redistributions over all energy scales. Of course, the actual propagating degrees of freedom minimize such spectral rearrangements. This review focuses on the range of epxerimental consequences such UV-IR mixings have on the normal state of the cuprates, such as the pseudogap, mid-infrared band, temperature dependence of the Hall number, the superfluid density, and a recent theoretical advance which permits the identification of the weakly interacting degrees of freedom in a doped Mott insulator. Within this theory, we show how the wide range of phenomena which typify the normal state of the cuprates arises including $T-$linear resistivity.Comment: To appear as a Colloquium in the April issue of Rev. Mod. Phys Updated version contains new references and a clarification concerning Fig. 8

LABOR LAW- COLLECTIVE BARGAINING CONTRACT AS BARRING QUESTIONS CONCERNING REPRESENTATION OF EMPLOYEES

The employer entered into a collective bargaining agreement with the employees as represented by Union A, recognizing Union A as the exclusive bargaining agent and giving it a closed shop. The contract was entered into in September, 1940, and was to last until September, 1942, with a provision for certain modifications before that time. Pending negotiations for modifications, a large number of the members of Union A decided to transfer affiliation to Union B. On September 24, 1941, Union B filed a petition under the Wagner Act to be certified as the sole bargaining agent. Union A resisted the claim on the ground that the collective bargaining agreement of September, 1940, was still in force and had a year yet to run. Held, this closed-shop contract is for a reasonable duration and is a bar to the present proceedings for certification. In re Owens-Illinois Pacific Coast Co., 36 N. L. R. B. 990 (1941)

MUNICIPAL CORPORATIONS - ZONING ORDINANCES - AESTHETIC CONSIDERATIONS UNDER THE POLICE POWER

Plaintiff brought suit to enjoin the enforcement of the zoning laws of the city of Miami Beach. His property was in a zone reserved for apartment hotels and first-class family residences, but adjacent to an area in which business structures were allowed. Plaintiff sought to erect structures of a business character on his property, despite the zoning law. Held, the zoning law is sustained, for plaintiff\u27s property rights must yield to the interest of the community in maintaining the attractiveness of this resort area. City of Miami Beach v. Ocean & Inland Co., (Fla. 1941) 3 So. (2d) 364

LABOR LAW -LOSS OF MAJORITY SUPPORT BY REPRESENTATIVE WITH WHOM EMPLOYER HAS BEEN ORDERED TO BARGAIN

The National Labor Relations Board found that the employer (respondent) had been guilty of unfair labor practices by interfering with the employees\u27 right to unionize and by refusing to bargain collectively with the Pioneer Tobacco Workers\u27 Local Industrial Union No. 55 when the latter had been designated as the bargaining agent by a majority of the employees in an appropriate bargaining unit. During the proceedings before the board a motion for leave to intervene was filed by an independent union claiming the support of a majority of the employees, but the motion was denied by the board. The board ordered the employer to desist from refusing to bargain collectively with Local 55 as the exclusive representative of the employees. Upon a petition for enforcement, the Circuit Court of Appeals for the Sixth Circuit upheld the findings of the board but required the board to conduct an election to determine whether Local 55 still had the support of a majority of the employees. Held, on appeal to the Supreme Court, the orders of the board should be enforced without the necessity of conducting an election. National Labor Relations Board v. P. Lorillard Co., 314 U.S. 512, 62 S. Ct. 397 (1942)

WILLS - JOINT AND MUTUAL WILLS - CONTRACTS TO BEQUEATH AND DEVISE - STATUTE OF FRAUDS

Husband and wife made joint and mutual wills, each giving to the survivor a life interest in his or her separate property with the remainder to their foster daughter, the plaintiff. The wife died first, but the husband destroyed the entire will, and took possession of all the wife\u27s property. The husband then died intestate, and plaintiff brought suit against the heirs to enforce the dispositions made by the joint and mutual will. Plaintiff introduced evidence to show that the will was the product of a contract, and therefore irrevocable. Defendant objected on the ground that the agreement was not in writing and not enforceable under the statute of frauds. Held, judgment for plaintiff affirmed, the contract being enforceable because partly performed. West v. Sims, (Kan. 1941) 109 P. (2d) 479

Thymoquinone Inhibits Escherichia coli ATP Synthase and Cell Growth

This is an open access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License, which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original author and source are credited. We examined the thymoquinone induced inhibition of purified F1 or membrane bound F1FO E. coli ATP synthase. Both purified F1 and membrane bound F1FO were completely inhibited by thymoquinone with no residual ATPase activity. The process of inhibition was fully reversible and identical in both membrane bound F1Fo and purified F1 preparations. Moreover, thymoquinone induced inhibition of ATP synthase expressing wild-type E. coli cell growth and non-inhibition of ATPase gene deleted null control cells demonstrates that ATP synthase is a molecular target for thymoquinone. This also links the beneficial dietary based antimicrobial and anticancer effects of thymoquinone to its inhibitory action on ATP synthase

Brief for Amici Curiae Canavan Foundation, Claire Altman Heine Foundation, March of Dimes Foundation, Massachusetts Breast Cancer Coalition, National Organization for Rare Disorders, National Tay Sachs and Allied Diseases Organization in Support of Plaintiffs for Affirmance

Amicus ("friend of the court") brief written by scholars of biotechnology patent law in support of plaintiffs-appellees, supporting affirmance in AMP v. Myriad Genetics (No. 2010-1406)

Quasiparticle excitations in frustrated antiferromagnets

We have computed the quasiparticle wave function corresponding to a hole injected in a triangular antiferromagnet. We have taken into account multi-magnon contributions within the self consistent Born approximation. We have found qualitative differences, under sign reversal of the integral transfer t, regarding the multi-magnon components and the own existence of the quasiparticle excitations. Such differences are due to the subtle interplay between magnon-assisted and free hopping mechanisms. We conclude that the conventional quasiparticle picture can be broken by geometrical frustration without invoking spin liquid phases.Comment: 5 pages, 4 figures, presented at " At the Frontiers of the condensed Matter II, Buenos Aires. June, 2004 ". To be published in Physica