Studi Perbaikan Keandalan Jaringan Distribusi Primer Dengan Pemasangan Gardu Induk Sisipan Di Kabupaten Enrekang Sulawesi Selatan

Dengan berkembangnya taraf hidup masyarakat pedesaan di Sulawesi Selatan khususnya kabupaten Enrekang, maka keandalan sistem distribusi primer sangat dibutuhkan untuk memenuhi kebutuhan tenaga listrik. Oleh karena keandalan jaringan distribusi primer ke Kabupaten Enrekang di PLN Cabang Pinrang masih cukup rendah, maka akan diperbaiki dengan ditempatkannya sebuah Gardu Induk Sisipan untuk membagi luas daerah pelayanan. Gardu Induk Sisipan sangat dimungkinkan dibangun di Kabupaten Enrekang, mengingat jaringan transmisi Makale – Sidrap 150 kV telah beroperasi. Jaringan transmisi tersebut melintas di Kabupaten Enrekang dengan menggunakan material Aktiva Tetap Tidak Bergerak (ATTB) yang tersedia di PLN Wilayah Sulselrabar. Dibuatnya tugas akhir ini dengan tujuan membandingkan keandalan jaringan distribusi primer di Kabupaten Enrekang sebelum dan sesudah pemasangan gardu induk sisipan agar dapat digunakan sebagai rekomendasi untuk meningkatkan keandalan pada sistem tersebut. Berdasarkan kedua metoda perhitungan didapatkan hasil nilai SAIDI pada masing-masing penyulang masih sesuai dengan standart PLN 59 : 1985 sebesar 4,364 jam/tahun dan untuk hasil nilai SAIFI pada masing-masing penyulang masih sesuai dengan standart PLN 59 : 1985 sebesar 1,199 jam/tahu

Sistem Pengelolaan Limbah B3 terhadap Indeks Proper di Rspi Prof. Dr. Sulianti Saroso

RSPI Prof. Dr. Sulianti Saroso is a hospital that has received ratings blue for PROPER. The hospital is classified in the government hospitals with the classification of type B education. The average amount of harzardous and toxic waste generated as much as 80.55 kg / day with an average number of patient visits as many as 391 people / day. Based on the field observations that has done, the management of hazardous and toxic waste in this hospital has not managed well arcconding to Government Regulation No. 101 in 2014, Environment Minister Decision No.r 06 in 2013 and Health Minister Decision No. 1204 in 2004. The purpose of this study was to assess the management of hazardous and toxic waste to PROPER index in RSPI Prof. Dr. Sulianti Saroso. This research methodology used in this research was qualitative and quantitative approaches with cross sectional design. The population of this study was executing management of hazardous and toxic wastes by using total sampling technique. The results showed data types and volume hazardous and toxic waste management, reporting activity of hazardous and toxic waste management, license and validity period hazardous and toxic waste management, the implementation of permit conditions, the amount of waste managed hazardous and toxic, and hazardous and toxic waste management with third-party, Based on Health Minister Decision No. 1204 in 2004 lug process, transportation, storage and management of B3 waste management not eligible. Based on the results of this research hazardous and toxic waste come from 7 hospital primary care with various types of hazardous and toxic was syringes, plabot, scalpel, infusion hoses, catheters hoses, tissue and fluids body, the result of assessment hazardous and toxic waste management by 70% and PROPER ranking was blue

Effect Of Priming On Seed Vigor Of Wheat (Triticum Aestivum L.)

Priming is a process that controls the process of hydration of seeds for the ongoing metabolic processes before germination. Research on priming was conducted at ICERI seed laboratory from May to September 2009 to evaluate the effect of different priming methods on wheat seed vigor. Physical properties and chemical composition of seed were evaluated before seeds were treated. The priming treatment were conducted by soaking 250 g of seed in 500 mL of solution for hydropriming and halopriming. Two seed lots of Nias and Dewata variety were subjected to heated and unheated distilled water for 12hours and subjected to KCl and CaCl2 at 10, 20, and 30 ppm and unprimed seed. The experiment were arranged in completely randomized design, replicated thrice. Vigor evaluation by observed seed germination, simultaneity growth, germination rate, seedling dry weight, electric conductivity of seed leakage and length of primary root. The results showed that highest germination, simultaneity growth, seedling dry weight, and length of primary root, were priming treatment with KCl 30 ppm and CaCl2 20 and 30 ppm. Priming with distilled water for 12 hours gave higher germination percentage and simultaneity growth

Aktivitas Antioksidan Dan Efek Sitotoksik Ekstrak Kola (Cola Nitida) Pada Kulter Sel Kanker Hati (HepG-2)

Liver cancer is one among cancers with increasing incidence in the world. Cola fruit (Cola nitida) is a fruit that is rich in properties and has been known since the Dutch colonial era. This fruit contains ingredients such as those contained in tea and chocolate such as methylxanthine and its derivatives. This study aims to determine the content of antioxidants and cytotoxic effects of cola fruit extracts obtained from Indonesia and Malaysia on liver cancer cell lines. Antioxidant content of fruit extracts of cola was assessed using DPPH (2,2-diphenyl-2-picrylhydrazyl hydrate) and cytotoxic effects were studied using MTT (3 - (4,5-Dimethylthiazol-2-Yl)diphenyltetrazolium bromide -2.5) on human liver cancer cell lines (HepG2). The results showed that cola fruit from Malaysia contained high antioxidant with the IC50 value of 37.2 ?g/mL whereas IC50 of value of its Indonesias cola fruit was 66.0 ug / mL. The similar results have been shown in the cytotoxic test using HepG-2 liver cancer cell lines. Malaysias cola fruit extract has a smaller IC50 value of 6.5 ?g / mL while the fruit extract of Indonesias cola showed IC50 value of 39.5 ?g / mL. These values indicates that the fruit extract of cola is a potential anticancer activities especially on liver cancer. Further studies are required to clarify this hypothesis

Pengalaman Remaja Berusia Di Bawah 18 Tahun Dalam Bermain Grand Theft Auto Game

GTA (Grand Theft Auto) is a video game containing sexual and violent content classified as a mature category (18+). However in Indonesia, this video game is often played by teenegers under 18 years old. This research purposes to describe teeneger's experience on playing GTA game and the factors influencing them to play the game. The informants of this research are 6 teenegers who have been playing this game with under 18 years old obtained by using snowball sample technique. The method used in this research is qualitative with phenomenological approach. The data were collected through semi-structured interview. The result of this research shows that teenegers who play this game said that they could gain new experiences like being outside of country situation. For teenegers it was exciting because they could perform things that they could not do in the real life like kill, rob, and fight beetwen gang. The factors influencing them to play GTA game come from their playmates, parent's supervision, and also education level. Playmates are the main cause for teenegers to play GTA game. Teenagers playing GTA game without parent's supervision will tend to get negative impact. While higher level of teeneger education decreases the intensity of playing GTA game. Therefore, in order to minimize negative impact obtained by teenegers in playing GTA game, it requires the parent supervision so that the teenegers know time limit to play and the certain behavior in the game that may or may not be imitated in the real life

Anticancer activity of a sub-fraction of dichloromethane extract of Strobilanthes crispus on human breast and prostate cancer cells in vitro

<p>Abstract</p> <p>Background</p> <p>The leaves of <it>Strobilanthes crispus </it>(<it>S. crispus</it>) which is native to the regions of Madagascar to the Malay Archipelago, are used in folk medicine for their antidiabetic, diuretic, anticancer and blood pressure lowering properties. Crude extracts of this plant have been found to be cytotoxic to human cancer cell lines and protective against chemically-induced hepatocarcinogenesis in rats. In this study, the cytotoxicity of various sub-fractions of dichloromethane extract isolated from the leaves of <it>S. crispus </it>was determined and the anticancer activity of one of the bioactive sub-fractions, SC/D-F9, was further analysed in breast and prostate cancer cell lines.</p> <p>Methods</p> <p>The dichloromethane extract of <it>S. crispus </it>was chromatographed on silica gel by flash column chromatography. The ability of the various sub-fractions obtained to induce cell death of MCF-7, MDA-MB-231, PC-3 and DU-145 cell lines was determined using the LDH assay. The dose-response effect and the EC₅₀values of the active sub-fraction, SC/D-F9, were determined. Apoptosis was detected using Annexin V antibody and propidium iodide staining and analysed by fluorescence microscopy and flow cytometry, while caspase 3/7 activity was detected using FLICA caspase inhibitor and analysed by fluorescence microscopy.</p> <p>Results</p> <p>Selected sub-fractions of the dichloromethane extract induced death of MCF-7, MDA-MB-231, PC-3 and DU-145 cells. The sub-fraction SC/D-F9, consistently killed breast and prostate cancer cell lines with low EC₅₀values but is non-cytotoxic to the normal breast epithelial cell line, MCF-10A. SC/D-F9 displayed relatively higher cytotoxicity compared to tamoxifen, paclitaxel, docetaxel and doxorubicin. Cell death induced by SC/D-F9 occurred via apoptosis with the involvement of caspase 3 and/or 7.</p> <p>Conclusions</p> <p>A dichloromethane sub-fraction of <it>S. crispus </it>displayed potent anticancer activities <it>in vitro </it>that can be further exploited for the development of a potential therapeutic anticancer agent.</p

Understanding the context of balanced scorecard implementation: a hospital-based case study in pakistan

Background: As a response to a changing operating environment, healthcare administrators are implementing modern management tools in their organizations. The balanced scorecard (BSC) is considered a viable tool in high-income countries to improve hospital performance. The BSC has not been applied to hospital settings in low-income countries nor has the context for implementation been examined. This study explored contextual perspectives in relation to BSC implementation in a Pakistani hospital. Methods: Four clinical units of this hospital were involved in the BSC implementation based on their willingness to participate. Implementation included sensitization of units towards the BSC, developing specialty specific BSCs and reporting of performance based on the BSC during administrative meetings. Pettigrew and Whipp\u27s context (why), process (how) and content (what) framework of strategic change was used to guide data collection and analysis. Data collection methods included quantitative tools (a validated culture assessment questionnaire) and qualitative approaches including key informant interviews and participant observation.Results: Method triangulation provided common and contrasting results between the four units. A participatory culture, supportive leadership, financial and non-financial incentives, the presentation of clear direction by integrating support for the BSC in policies, resources, and routine activities emerged as desirable attributes for BSC implementation. The two units that lagged behind were more involved in direct inpatient care and carried a considerable clinical workload. Role clarification and consensus about the purpose and benefits of the BSC were noted as key strategies for overcoming implementation challenges in two clinical units that were relatively ahead in BSC implementation. It was noted that, rather than seeking to replace existing information systems, initiatives such as the BSC could be readily adopted if they are built on existing infrastructures and data networks. Conclusion: Variable levels of the BSC implementation were observed in this study. Those intending to apply the BSC in other hospital settings need to ensure a participatory culture, clear institutional mandate, appropriate leadership support, proper reward and recognition system, and sensitization to BSC benefits

Isolates of Liao Ning Virus from Wild-Caught Mosquitoes in the Xinjiang Province of China in 2005

Liao ning virus (LNV) is related to Banna virus, a known human-pathogen present in south-east Asia. Both viruses belong to the genus Seadornavirus, family Reoviridae. LNV causes lethal haemorrhage in experimentally infected mice. Twenty seven isolates of LNV were made from mosquitoes collected in different locations within the Xinjiang province of north-western China during 2005. These mosquitoes were caught in the accommodation of human patients with febrile manifestations, or in animal barns where sheep represent the main livestock species. The regions where LNV was isolated are affected by seasonal encephalitis, but are free of Japanese encephalitis (JE). Genome segment 10 (Seg-10) (encoding cell-attachment and serotype-determining protein VP10) and Seg-12 (encoding non-structural protein VP12) were sequenced for multiple LNV isolates. Phylogenetic analyses showed a less homogenous Seg-10 gene pool, as compared to segment 12. However, all of these isolates appear to belong to LNV type-1. These data suggest a relatively recent introduction of LNV into Xinjiang province, with substitution rates for LNV Seg-10 and Seg-12, respectively, of 2.29×10−4 and 1.57×10−4 substitutions/nt/year. These substitution rates are similar to those estimated for other dsRNA viruses. Our data indicate that the history of LNV is characterized by a lack of demographic fluctuations. However, a decline in the LNV population in the late 1980s - early 1990s, was indicated by data for both Seg-10 and Seg-12. Data also suggest a beginning of an expansion in the late 1990s as inferred from Seg-12 skyline plot