Translating the armed struggle : Alfonso Sastre and Sean O'Casey in Spain

Research Funder: Arts and Humanities Research Council (AH/E007686/1).This article considers why the controversial Spanish playwright Alfonso Sastre, working within the constraints imposed by the Franco dictatorship (1939–75), chose to create versions of two plays by Sean O’Casey, an Irish dramatist who made his name in Dublin’s Abbey Theatre in the 1920s. It argues that Sastre’s adaptations of Red Roses for Me and The Shadow of a Gunman were his way of evading censorship and calling for political change in Spain, and thus constitute clear examples of translation as political activism and cultural resistance.Publisher PDFPeer reviewe

The Censors' Confusion: (Mis)Interpretations of the Works of Alfonso Sastre

In a survey of theatre censorship in Spain carried out in 1974, Alfonso Sastre stated: 'No existo. He sido borrado de todas las listas... Salvo de las listas negras, por supuesto: por lo que se refiere a estas, estoy en todas. While by then he was percieved by the censors to be an enemy of the regime, it was not always so, as the documents held in the Archivo General de la Administracion in Alcala de Henares show. Alfonso Sastre was certainly more heavily censored than some during his writing career, but not always as much as some of his statements might lead one to believe.Yet there is no denying his position as one of the most committed dramatists in Francoist Spain; in fact that is why it is so surprising to discover that he percieved by some of the censors of his early realist works to be a friend of the regime. The confusion is all the more remarkable when one considers both the censorship legislation in operation at the time, and Sastre's public statements about theatre and society

Introduction: censorship and creative freedom

Postprin

Censoring the outsider : the theatre of Albert Camus in Franco’s Spain

This work was supported by the Arts and Humanities Research Council under Grant AH/E007686/1.This article analyses the significance and reception of Albert Camus’s theatre in Spain under the Franco dictatorship (1939–75), which differed from that in France and elsewhere. The state censorship files at the Archivo General de la Administración in Alcalá de Henares reveal how performances of Camus’s theatre were considered rallying points of opposition to the dictatorship and yet were often tolerated. An analysis of this contradiction helps us not only to fill a gap in Spanish theatre history, which generally focuses little on foreign drama, but also to throw light both on the use of foreign drama as a form of protest and on the transnational legacy of Camus’s theatre.PostprintPeer reviewe

Staging the Revolution : The Nosotros Theatre Group and the teatro proletario of the Second Republic

ISBN: 978-1-781882-83-2This article explores the importance of the agitprop proletarian theatre and, in particular, the Nosotros group (1932–34) in the attempt to define a new national identity during the Second Republic; it brings into the public domain fresh information, garnered from the censorship archives, and reveals the group's objectives and methods in the creation of a new type of theatre for a new Spain. La peste fascista (1933), a play by César Falcón, is included in an appendix as an example of the group's practice.PostprintPostprintPeer reviewe

Event-based prospective memory in fetal alcohol spectrum disorders

Learning and memory seem to be particularly vulnerable to the effects of heavy prenatal alcohol exposure. Previous research has, however, been limited to the study of retrospective memory (i.e., episodic or declarative memory) in children with a history of prenatal alcohol exposure. Recently, memory researchers have turned their attention to the study of prospective memory (PM), or the ability to realize and act on delayed intentions, in clinical populations. There are no published studies exploring PM in FASD, however. Prospective remembering is reliant on declarative memory as well as intact executive functioning, both of which are known to be impaired in FASD. The current study aimed, therefore, to investigate event-based PM functioning in a longitudinal cohort of children with heavy prenatal alcohol exposure. It also aimed to investigate whether the relation between prenatal alcohol exposure and prospective memory was influenced by IQ, executive functioning, or retrospective memory

Uptake to a community based chronic illness rehabilitation programme (CBCIR): Is there a gender disparity?

Background: Multi-morbidity and chronic conditions pose a threat to population health. Despite known benefits of rehabilitation using structured exercise, uptake to such programmes remain sub-optimal. The aim of this study is to identify the psychosocial and health related fitness correlates of uptake to a CBCIR in men and women, with the secondary aim of identifying the rate of uptake. Methods: Participants referred to a CBCIR via GPs and hospitals completed an induction process. This introduced them to the CBCIR programme and got them to complete a multi-section questionnaire (including instruments on physical activity, exercise self-efficacy, intentions for exercise, and perceived family/friend social support) and complete a battery of physical health measures (including the Incremental shuttle walk test (ISWT), a lower body strength test and body mass index (BMI)). Post induction participants who attended an exercise class were classified as ‘Uptakers’, whilst those who never came back were classified as ‘Non-Uptakers’. Class attendance was objectively monitored by the researchers. Data were analysed using SPSS, and are presented using means, standard deviations and proportions, group differences are examined via t-tests and logistic regression was used to predict uptake. Results: A total of 441 participants (56% male; average age 64.3 ±12 years completed induction measures. Overall, 77% were identified as Uptakers (81% female, 74% male, p=0.068, 2-sided). Among men, Uptakers reported more days of 30mins moderate to vigorous physical activity (t(111) = -2.499,

A between sex analysis of self and proxy efficacy and its relationship with attendance at a community based chronic illness rehabilitation programme.

Background: Physical activity is a principal intervention in primary and secondary prevention of chronic illness. While the benefits of community based rehabilitation is acknowledged,the rate of attendance and adherence remains sub optimal. Self-efficacy is acknowledged to be a key factor relating to adherence in rehabilitation but the construct of proxy efficacy, defined as one’s confidence in the skills and abilities of a third party to function effectively on another’s behalf, is less often studied. This paper examines the relationship between gender and ‘self’ and ‘proxy-efficacy’ and their potential role in attendance to a community based chronic illness rehabiliation (CBCIR) programme. Methods: Participants attending induction at the programme completed a questionnaire assessing demographics and both self (9 items) and proxy efficacy for exercise (9 items) which was assessed on a Likert scale from 0 (not confident at all) to 10 (very confident), with a higher score indicating greater efficacy. Subsequently, attendance was objectively monitored by researchers at exercise sessions for 24 weeks. Results: 69 participants (M age=65.5 +9.8 years, 56% Male) completed all measures. Mean proxy-efficacy and mean self-efficacy is significantly greater in women compared to men (p<0.05). Mean proxy-efficacy was found to be higher than mean self-efficacy in both males (proxy-efficacy=8.7+1.2, self efficacy=8.3+1.8) and females (proxyefficacy= 7.7+2.2, self-efficacy=6.5+2.0) with no correlation between the variables. Correlational analyses found a moderate significant positive correlation between proxy efficacy and number of weeks attended in the 24 weeks (r=.440,p<.05) in women with no correlation observed between self-efficacy and weeks attended. No correlations are observed between either form of efficacy and attendance in men. Discussion: Participants report greater confidence in the proxy agent than themselves as the agent. This was furthered in women with an association identified between proxy efficacy and 24-week attendance. These results suggest the importance of the proxy for women in a CBCIR setting but further longitudinal research should be carried out in the area of proxy efficacy and attendance at community based chronic illness rehabilitation programmes. Implications: An understanding of these variables help CBCIR programme facilitators intervene to ensure greater attendance

Setting the standard: The acceptability of kitchen ventilation for the English housing stock

Exposure to particulate matter with diameter ≤2.5 μm (PM2.5) is associated with an elevated risk of adverse health effects and cooking is a primary source of PM2.5 in non-smoking households. Therefore, it is important to investigate PM2.5 concentrations that might be found in domestic kitchens, and the appropriate ventilation mechanisms to reduce them.Uncertainty in daily mean PM2.5 concentrations in English kitchens is predicted using a statistical model and stochastic simulation. A worst-case heating season scenario is considered where 3 meals are cooked per day and fresh air is provided by infiltration and fans.The model predicts that >98% of English houses are too airtight to dilute PM2.5 emissions solely by infiltration so that daily mean concentrations in kitchens are below the WHO guideline of 25 μg/m3. Therefore, controlled ventilation is required in all kitchens. Ventilation strategies prescribed by English Building Regulations and ASHRAE 62.2 are found to be adequate for [less than] 12% and 75% of houses, respectively, when applied during cooking. Continuing to ventilate for a further 10 minutes has a significant effect when using an intermittent strategy, increasing the centiles of compliant houses to 46% and >98%, respectively. A cooker hood is the most effective ventilation strategy when used during cooking plus 10 minutes. Standards should be amended to incorporate required combinations of airflow rates and capture efficiencies. A hood with a capture efficiency of 50% requires airflow rates of 52 l/s and 90 l/s for PM2.5 concentrations to remain below WHO guidelines in 75% and 98% of houses, respectively