Critiquing 'disability': the Disability Discrimination Act's interplay with society

This paper presents a critique of the legal constitution of disability employed by the Disability Discrimination Act 1995. The concept of disability employed will be evaluated with reference to current social models of disability. These will be employed to evaluate to what extent, if at all, the Act’s definition accords with the contemporary models of disability. The definition of disability will be deconstructed and by reference to both legal and non-legal sources, key fault areas within the constitution of disability will be identified and critically evaluated. The interplay between the concept of “normality” and the legal constitution of disability will be explored, as will the constitution’s interplay with social disabilities and hidden disabilities

Xavier University Newswire

https://www.exhibit.xavier.edu/student_newspaper/3460/thumbnail.jp

Panther - September 1977 - Vol. LII, No. 3

https://digitalcommons.pvamu.edu/pv-panther-newspapers/1180/thumbnail.jp

Emotional Interference of Response Inhibition in Obsessive-Compulsive Disorder

Researchers have hypothesized that failures of inhibition are partially responsible for habitual and perseverative symptoms that are unique to Obsessive-Compulsive Disorder (OCD). It is also well known that sequelae of emotional processes are also implicated in the etiology and maintenance of obsessions and compulsions. However, little research has tested how emotional processes moderate inhibitory functions in OCD. In the present study, high contamination phobic (HCP, n = 17) and low contamination phobic (LCP, n = 30) participants completed an emotional go/no-go task, which measured the interfering effects contamination-threat processing on action restraint. The present study had a two level between-subjects-quasi-independent factor (Group: LCP vs. HCP), and a two level within-subjects-experimental-factor (Threat: Contamination vs. Neutral). The proportion of errors of commission (failures of action restraint) was the primary dependent variable. There were three predictions: 1) for the main effect of Threat, it was predicted that the visual processing of contamination images would significantly interfere with action restraint (Contamination errors of commission \u3e Neutral errors of commission); 2) for the main effect of Group, it was predicted that HCP participants would show poorer action restraint when compared to LCP participants (HCP errors of commission \u3e LCP errors of commission); 3) for the Group x Threat interaction, it was predicted that the visual processing of contamination images would interfere more with action restraint among HCP than LCP participants (Contamination errors of commission among HCP participants \u3e Neutral errors of commission among HCP participants, Neutral errors of commission among LCP participants, and Contamination errors of commission among LCP participants). Predictions 1 and 3 were supported by results while results failed to support the second prediction. These data suggest that the processing of emotionally arousing imagery interferes with action restraint and the magnitude of this effect is greater among an analogue OCD sample reporting contamination symptoms. These findings are clinically relevant and significantly extend etiological models of OCD by integrating basic neurocognitive and affective mechanisms. The unique and complimentary roles of emotional, attentional, and inhibitory processes in the etiology and maintenance of obsessions and compulsions are explored and updates to models of OCD are discussed

Synthesis, structure diversity, and antimicrobial studies of Ag(i) complexes with quinoline-type ligands

Compounds [Ag(5NO2Qu)2]BF4 (1) and [Ag(Qu3CN)(H2O)]BF4 (2) were prepared and studied from a structural perspective and screened for antimicrobial activity. The Ag(i) in the monomeric complex 1 is coordinated to two 5-nitroquinoline (5NO2Qu) ligands via the N-atoms of the quinoline rings with equidistant Ag-N bonds (2.146(2) \uc5) and a N-Ag-N# bond angle of 171.42(8)\ub0. The 2D coordination polymer 2 contains tetracoordinated Ag(i) with two N-atoms (N1 and N2#1) from two quinoline-3-carbonitrile (Qu3CN) ligands and two O-atoms (O1 and O1#1) from two water molecules. The Qu3CN ligand acts as a connector between the Ag(i) sites along the b-direction via two short Ag1-N1 (2.185(4) \uc5) and Ag1-N2#1 (2.204(4) \uc5) bonds. In addition, the Ag(i) is coordinated with two symmetry related water molecules which are also acting as connectors between the Ag(i) sites along the a-direction via two longer Ag1-O1 (2.470(4) \uc5) and Ag1-O1#2 (2.546(4) \uc5) bonds. Hirshfeld surface analysis confirmed the significance of the polar F⋯H contacts in the molecular packing of 1 (25.9%) and 2 (39.9%). In addition, the crystal packing of 1 showed a significant amount of polar O⋯H (23.5%) contacts. Also, both complexes displayed π-π stacking interactions. The Ag(i) complexes and the free ligand were assessed for their antimicrobial activities. It was found that 1 (MIC = 7.8 μg mL−1) and 2 (MIC = 31.25 μg mL−1) have higher antifungal potency against C. albicans than their free ligands (MIC = 125 μg mL−1). Interestingly, 1 has better antifungal activity than the standard nystatin (15.6 μg mL−1). Also, both Ag(i) complexes and the free ligands as well have better activity against P. mirabilis than the common antibiotic amoxicillin

The Trinity Ivy, 1973

Student Yearbook for Trinity College, Hartford Connecticuthttps://digitalrepository.trincoll.edu/ivy/1071/thumbnail.jp

Spectroscopic Characterization of Microhydration: Studying Molecular Properties, Acidity and Solvation in Ionic Water Clusters using Cryogenic Infrared Vibrational Predissociation Spectroscopy

Molecular level interactions give rise to the macroscopic chemical and physical properties of bulk electrolyte systems. A fundamental knowledge of these interactions facilitates understanding of this behavior and enables rational manipulation of the system at the molecular level. Among the experimental techniques, vibrational spectroscopy is widely used in several variations including linear absorption spectroscopy, ultrafast multidimensional spectroscopy, and interface specific spectroscopy. The advantage of using vibrational spectroscopy to study systems at the molecular level is its sensitivity towards structural information as well as relatively high time resolution. Standard solution phase and surface-sensitive spectroscopies, however, suffer from the drawback that the spectra contain simultaneous contributions from species in many distinct chemical environments, which also undergo thermal fluctuations over time. Gas-phase vibrational spectroscopy of cryogenically (~10 K) cooled, mass-selected clusters represents an alternative, “bottom up” approach for elucidating the underlying chemical physics with a high degree of experimental control over the precise chemical composition and temperature. This dissertation utilizes this technique successfully to elucidate the behavior of nitric acid at the molecular level, using ionic water clusters as model microscopic subsystems. Correlations in the vibrational features associated with hydrogen-bonding interactions of acid with water and distortions in the nitrate scaffold gives insight to acidity of nitric acid, in addition to the effect of ion electric fields. In addition, strong solvatochromic shifts in hydrated nitromethane is analyzed in the context of the solute ion polarizability response and partial charge transfer to the water networks

SYNTHESIS, CHARACTERIZATION AND EVALUATION OF SURFACTANTS DERIVED FROM NATURAL OILS FOR EOR APPLICATIONS

Enhanced oil recovery methods are directed towards the recovery of residual oil from a reservoir. Surfactants have been gaining prominence as a main chemical for EOR methods. Natural oils, owing to their naturally long hydrocarbon chains, possess remarkable potential to be used as raw materials for the development of surfactants. The oleic acid methyl esters obtained from Jatropha oil and high oleic acid methyl esters were modified by the attachment of nine different alkoxy groups (derived from alcohols) and these were successfully converted to 18 types of sulfate and sulfonate based anionic surfactants. The high FFA value of Jatropha oil was suppressed to as low as I % by employing an indigenously developed silica based catalyst. The synthesized methyl esters were epoxidized by optimizing the epoxidation process by using the RSM technique utilizing a central composite rotatable design. The DOE successfully optimized the yield and dramatically shortened the reaction time. The obtained oxirane ring was then opened up using nine different alcohols thereby attaching them as alkoxy chains on the oleic acid methyl ester parent chain. Sulfation of the -OH groups located trans to the alkoxy groups yielded nine sulfate type surfactants. For the synthesis of sulfonate surfactants, the -OH group was protected by the acetylation reaction before sulfonation by an S03-air mixture in a falling film reactor, hence producing nine sulfonate based surfactants. The sulfate and sulfonate surfactants were obtained in high yields. All end products and precursors were characterized by GC-FID, GC-MS, FT -IR and NMR techniques

Differential inequalities on complete Riemannian manifolds and applications

Peer Reviewedhttp://deepblue.lib.umich.edu/bitstream/2027.42/46226/1/208_2005_Article_BF01455859.pd