Creating a Pathway to a Better Financial Future: Developing State Strategies for Asset Development and Wealth Creation for People with Disabilities

Dedicated economic advancement strategies - such as savings and building assts, homeownership, and entrepreneurship -- are increasingly viewed as an important part of public policy efforts to give people with disabilities expanded access to the labor market. While no single program, policy, funding stream, or strategy to build assets has proven to be a universal solution for the multiple challenges encountered by low income individuals and their families, a variety of tools and strategies are being implemented by federal, state and local governments and communities to help lift disadvantaged wage earners - including workers with disabilities -- out of poverty. This brief introduces basic asset development concepts, tools, and activities that states can use as a framework for developing comprehensive, integrated state asset development strategies for people with disabilities and their families

Policing and the surveillance of the marginal:Everyday contexts of social control

While the surveillance practices of the private security industry have become a central preoccupation of scholarship, the surveillance power of the state has been greatly enhanced through multiple procedures of information gathering to support practices of control and management. In this article, we draw upon two different research projects to examine the surveillance work of the police and other public sector groups working in partnership, as well as the activities of police officers operating covertly. In so doing, we expose the often unintended, but nevertheless invasive and comprehensive power of state agencies to gather details of individuals in the residual working class, within mundane and innocuous policing practices. Our central argument is that these developments have occurred alongside a displacement of social policy through crime control, and represent both an acceleration and intensification of existing state approaches to the surveillance of the problematic individual. This extensive project of targeted surveillance, we contend, also calls into question current claims that the state is moving towards a system of managing deviant populations. </jats:p

Visual recovery of desert pavement surfaces following impacts from vehicle and foot traffic in the Ross Sea region of Antarctica

Sites of past human activity were investigated to assess the visual recovery of the desert pavement following impacts from human trampling and vehicle traffic. Visually disturbed and nearby control sites were assessed using comparative photographic records, a field-based Visual Site Assessment, and Desert Pavement Recovery Assessment. Sites included: vehicle and walking tracks at Marble Point and Taylor Valley; a campsite, experimental treading trial site, and vehicle tracks in Wright Valley; and vehicle and walking tracks at Cape Roberts. The time since last disturbance ranged from three months to over 50 years. This investigation also attempted to determine what has the greatest lasting visual impact on soil surfaces in the Ross Sea region: dispersed trafficking or track formation? Walking tracks remained visible in the landscape (due to larger clasts concentrating along track margins) long after the desert pavement surface had recovered. However, randomly dispersed footprints were undetectable within five years. For many sites, allowing widespread trampling will give lower medium-term visible impact than concentrating traffic flow by track formation. For steep slopes and sites where repeated visits occur, use of a single track is recommended. Some 1950s vehicle tracks remain visible in the Antarctic landscape, but where visually obvious impacts were remediated, evidence of former occupation was almost undetectable

The Effect of Rein Type and Bit Type on Rein Tension in the Ridden Horse

An important area of Equitation Science is rein tension; which is used to control ridden and unridden horses primarily using the application of negative reinforcement. Rein tension is affected by several variables including the rider, horse and equipment, although not all aspects of these variables have been studied. The work undertaken for this thesis comprised of three separate yet interlinked sections. The first identified (by qualitative questionnaire) the most commonly used bridle, reins and bit types and why the equestrian population use them. The results produced determined which rein and bit types would be trialled in the second and third sections. Rubber reins were the most commonly used (49.45%); while the snaffle family were highlighted to be the most popular bit type (84.71%). Section two evaluated the rein tension applied by 5 rein types (rubber, continental, laced leather, thick leather and thin leather). Rein type significantly affected rein tension (One-way Analysis of Variance; F4,1060=20.13; P<0.001); was highest for rubber (12.928±0.377N) and continental reins (12.399±0.54N) and lowest for laced (9.730±0.377N), thick (9.618±0.368N) and thin reins (9.157±0.352N). The third section aimed to produce baseline data for the snaffle family of bits. 14 bit types were trialled across 29 horse and rider dyads. Bit type had a significant effect on rein tension (One–way Analysis of Variance; F13,506=18.35; P<0.001). Overall, the results show rein tension varies significantly with rein and bit type. Given the impact of rein tension on the horse’s welfare understanding these variables is essential for ethical and sustainable equitation

The enforcement turn in plural policing?:A comparative analysis of public police auxiliaries in England &amp; Wales, France and The Netherlands

This paper examines ‘auxiliary’ police in three European countries and the extent to which they continue to present a pluralisation of public sector policing. Examining findings from existing empirical research, we will argue that despite different origins, systems of governance, formal powers and levels of centralisation, the police auxiliaries in England & Wales, France and The Netherlands have all experienced an overall trend towards becoming more ‘enforcement-orientated’. This unique comparative analysis measures each agency's powers, appearance, organisational dimensions and mandate and the associated drivers towards change, such as the politicisation of law and order, large-scale institutional transformations and professionalisation attempts. This analysis will have implications for pluralised policing scholarship as it questions the extent to which auxiliary officers provide a true alternative to the standard or national public policing mandate, which has historically highlighted the ‘law and order’ function of the police. It also highlights the lack of research on what ‘policing by government’ ( Loader, 2000) looks like in practice and the need for further comparative research with these auxiliary state policing actors