INFLUENCE OF SKIN MOVEMENT ARTEFACTS ON THE CALCULATED KINEMATIC GEOMETRY AND JOINT KINETICS OF THE LOCOMOTOR SYSTEM DURING ACTIVITY

INTRODUCTION: Motion analysis has played an important role in sports and orthopaedic biomechanics. A major source of error in modern skin-marker-based motion analysis systems is skin movement artefacts (Cappozzo et al., 1996). Traditional methods have either failed to reduce effectively skin movement artefacts or simply ignored them in reconstructing movement, resulting in artefactual joint dislocation or inaccurate limb positions, with important consequences on the calculated geometry and joint kinetics of the locomotor musculoskeletal system. The present study addresses these issues

The Specific Heat of a Ferromagnetic Film.

We analyze the specific heat for the $O(N)$ vector model on a $d$-dimensional film geometry of thickness $L$ using ``environmentally friendly'' renormalization. We consider periodic, Dirichlet and antiperiodic boundary conditions, deriving expressions for the specific heat and an effective specific heat exponent, \alpha\ef. In the case of $d=3$, for $N=1$, by matching to the exact exponent of the two dimensional Ising model we capture the crossover for \xi_L\ra\infty between power law behaviour in the limit {L\over\xi_L}\ra\infty and logarithmic behaviour in the limit {L\over\xi_L}\ra0 for fixed $L$, where $\xi_L$ is the correlation length in the transverse dimensions.Comment: 21 pages of Plain TeX. Postscript figures available upon request from [email protected]

Mavora : development of a planning process for reconciliation of interests in wilderness

Published by Centre for Resource Management for Tussock Grasslands and Mountain Lands Institute Lincoln College, New Zealand, September 1982.The Mavora Lakes area has been a subject of regional interest and some controversy for a number of years. Geographically, the Mavora is intermediate between an acknowledged zone of preservation and a zone of land development. Historically it represents a zone of interaction between different agency interests, notably those of the New Zealand Forest Service and those of both the nature conservation and pastoral administration and development arms of the Department of Lands and Survey. Extensive pastoralism as private enterprise has yielded ground in the district to pastoral development and farm settlement. The limits to this process have tended to be set by progressive experience on the land available for farm settlement. A working plan had been drafted for the adjacent Snowdon Forest. More active management planning for lands administered separately by these two major central government agencies served to bring into sharper contrast any differences between such development proposals if they remained ineffectively co-ordinated. Meanwhile the long-valued fishery resource of the Mavora Lakes and the Mararoa River has itself commanded greater attention because of increased use by anglers and the improved road access to the area which has itself increased boating and other shoreline recreation. While discharge from the lakes in the Mararoa River is being directed down-stream into Manapouri for power production, some thought has been given to using it in part to augment the summer low flows of the Oreti to Invercargill. Different communities of interest show varying degrees of support and aversion for the different kinds of resource use outlined above. Decisions are needed to determine the optimal use of resources before any further development which may irreversibly change the resources and their character

Modular Invariance of Finite Size Corrections and a Vortex Critical Phase

We analyze a continuous spin Gaussian model on a toroidal triangular lattice with periods $L_0$ and $L_1$ where the spins carry a representation of the fundamental group of the torus labeled by phases $u_0$ and $u_1$. We find the {\it exact finite size and lattice corrections}, to the partition function $Z$, for arbitrary mass $m$ and phases $u_i$. Summing $Z^{-1/2}$ over phases gives the corresponding result for the Ising model. The limits $m\rightarrow0$ and $u_i\rightarrow0$ do not commute. With $m=0$ the model exhibits a {\it vortex critical phase} when at least one of the $u_i$ is non-zero. In the continuum or scaling limit, for arbitrary $m$, the finite size corrections to $-\ln Z$ are {\it modular invariant} and for the critical phase are given by elliptic theta functions. In the cylinder limit $L_1\rightarrow\infty$ the ``cylinder charge'' $c(u_0,m^2L_0^2)$ is a non-monotonic function of $m$ that ranges from $2(1+6u_0(u_0-1))$ for $m=0$ to zero for $m\rightarrow\infty$.Comment: 12 pages of Plain TeX with two postscript figure insertions called torusfg1.ps and torusfg2.ps which can be obtained upon request from [email protected]

Seasonal effects on total bacterial removals in a rapid sand filtration plant

The present study is the first comprehensive study of the removal of total bacterial cells from a drinking water supply. Using the direct microscopic count to enumerate the total bacterial population present in raw, settled and filtered water, it was possible to determine bacterial removals by physical processes, such as coagulation, sedimentation and filtration. The 15-month longitudinal study was performed at the Capital City Water Company treatment plant serving Jefferson City, Missouri. The results confirmed earlier survey results indicating that bacterial cell removals by conventional water treatment processes are far lower than turbidity reductions would indicate. Moreover, bacterial removals are significantly impaired when water temperatures are low. Most bacterial removal is accomplished by pretreatment (coagulation and sedimentation). Filtration, as a single unit operation, was found to be ineffective in achieving significant bacterial removals throughout the entire study period. Based on the results, it is evident that the enumeration of the total bacterial population is the most fundamental and basic microbiological measurement that can be made to evaluate water treatment plant performance.Project # G-1027-04 Agreement # 14-08-0001-G-1027-0

Multiparticle entanglement and its experimental detection

We discuss several aspects of multiparticle mixed state entanglement and its experimental detection. First we consider entanglement between two particles which is robust against disposals of other particles. To completely detect these kinds of entanglement, full knowledge of the multiparticle density matrix (or of all reduced density matrixes) is required. Then we review the relation of the separability properties of l-partite splittings of a state $\rho$ to its multipartite entanglement properties. We show that it suffices to determine the diagonal matrix elements of $\rho$ in a certain basis in order to detect multiparticle entanglement properties of $\rho$. We apply these observations to analyze two recent experiments, where multiparticle entangled states of 3 (4) particles were produced. Finally, we focus on bound entangled states (non-separable, non-distillable states) and show that they can be activated by joint actions of the parties. We also provide several examples which show the activation of bound entanglement with bound entanglement.Comment: 9 pages, no figures; submitted to The Journal of Physics A: Mathematical and General, special issue in Quantum Information and Computatio

Dimensional Crossover in the Large N Limit

We consider dimensional crossover for an $O(N)$ Landau-Ginzburg-Wilson model on a $d$-dimensional film geometry of thickness $L$ in the large $N$-limit. We calculate the full universal crossover scaling forms for the free energy and the equation of state. We compare the results obtained using ``environmentally friendly'' renormalization with those found using a direct, non-renormalization group approach. A set of effective critical exponents are calculated and scaling laws for these exponents are shown to hold exactly, thereby yielding non-trivial relations between the various thermodynamic scaling functions.Comment: 25 pages of PlainTe