6,551 research outputs found
Monte Carlo Simulation of a NC Gauge Theory on The Fuzzy Sphere
We find using Monte Carlo simulation the phase structure of noncommutative U(1) gauge theory in two dimensions with the fuzzy sphere S^2_N as a non-perturbative regulator. There are three phases of the model. i) A matrix phase where the theory is essentially SU(N) Yang-Mills reduced to zero dimension . ii) A weak coupling fuzzy sphere phase with constant specific heat and iii) A strong coupling fuzzy sphere phase with non-constant specific heat. The order prameter distinguishing the matrix phase from the sphere phase is the radius of the fuzzy sphere. The three phases meet at a triple point. We also give the theoretical one-loop and 1/N expansion predictions for the transition lines which are in good agreement with the numerical data. A Monte Carlo measurement of the triple point is also given
Moral cleansing as hypocrisy: When private acts of charity make you feel better than you deserve
What counts as hypocrisy? Current theorizing emphasizes that people see hypocrisy when an individual sends them âfalse signalsâ about his or her morality (Jordan, Sommers, Bloom, & Rand, 2017); indeed, the canonical hypocrite acts more virtuously in public than in private. An alternative theory posits that people see hypocrisy when an individual enjoys âundeserved moral benefits,â such as feeling more virtuous than his or her behavior merits, even when the individual has not sent false signals to others (Effron, OâConnor, Leroy, & Lucas, 2018). This theory predicts that acting less virtuously in public than in private can seem hypocritical by indicating that individuals have used good deeds to feel less guilty about their public sins than they should. Seven experiments (*N* = 3,468 representing 64 nationalities) supported this prediction. Participants read about a worker in a âsin industryâ who secretly performed good deeds. When the individualâs public work (e.g., selling tobacco) was inconsistent with, versus unrelated to, the good deeds (e.g., anonymous donations to an anti-smoking cause vs. an anti-obesity cause), participants perceived him as more hypocritical, which in turn predicted less praise for his good deeds. Participants also inferred that the individual was using the inconsistent good deeds to cleanse his conscience for his public work, and such moral cleansing appeared hypocritical when it successfully alleviated his guilt. These results broaden and deepen understanding about how lay people conceptualize hypocrisy. Hypocrisy does not require appearing more virtuous than you are; it suffices to feel more virtuous than you deserve
Psychosocial treatments of behavior symptoms in dementia: a systematic review of reports meeting quality standards.
OBJECTIVE: To provide a systematic review of selected experimental studies of psychosocial treatments of behavioral disturbances in dementia. Psychosocial treatments are defined here as strategies derived from one of three psychologically oriented paradigms (learning theory, unmet needs and altered stress thresholds). METHOD: English language reports published or in press by December 2006 were identified by means of database searches, checks of previous reviews and contact with recognized experts. Papers were appraised with respect to study design, participants' characteristics and reporting details. Because people with dementia often respond positively to personal contact, studies were included only if control conditions entailed similar levels of social attention or if one treatment was compared with another. RESULTS: Only 25 of 118 relevant studies met every specification. Treatment proved more effective than an attention control condition in reducing behavioral symptoms in only 11 of the 25 studies. Effect sizes were mostly small or moderate. Treatments with moderate or large effect sizes included aromatherapy, ability-focused carer education, bed baths, preferred music and muscle relaxation training. CONCLUSIONS: Some psychosocial interventions appear to have specific therapeutic properties, over and above those due to the benefits of participating in a clinical trial. Their effects were mostly small to moderate with a short duration of action. This limited action means that treatments will work best in specific, time-limited situations. In the few studies that addressed within-group differences, there were marked variations in response. Some participants benefited greatly from a treatment, while others did not. Interventions proved more effective when tailored to individuals' preferences
New Aspects and Boundary Conditions of Core-Collapse Supernova Theory
Core-collapse supernovae are among Nature's grandest explosions. They are
powered by the energy released in gravitational collapse and include a rich set
of physical phenomena involving all fundamental forces and many branches of
physics and astrophysics. We summarize the current state of core-collapse
supernova theory and discuss the current set of candidate explosion mechanisms
under scrutiny as core-collapse supernova modeling is moving towards
self-consistent three-dimensional simulations. Recent work in nuclear theory
and neutron star mass and radius measurements are providing new constraints for
the nuclear equation of state. We discuss these new developments and their
impact on core-collapse supernova modeling. Neutrino-neutrino forward
scattering in the central regions of core-collapse supernovae can lead to
collective neutrino flavor oscillations that result in swaps of electron and
heavy-lepton neutrino spectra. We review the rapid progress that is being made
in understanding these collective oscillations and their potential impact on
the core-collapse supernova explosion mechanism.Comment: 14 pages, 3 figures. Submitted to the proceedings of the HAmburg
Neutrinos from Supernova Explosions (HANSE) 2011 conferenc
Modular Invariance of Finite Size Corrections and a Vortex Critical Phase
We analyze a continuous spin Gaussian model on a toroidal triangular lattice
with periods and where the spins carry a representation of the
fundamental group of the torus labeled by phases and . We find the
{\it exact finite size and lattice corrections}, to the partition function ,
for arbitrary mass and phases . Summing over phases gives
the corresponding result for the Ising model. The limits and
do not commute. With the model exhibits a {\it vortex
critical phase} when at least one of the is non-zero. In the continuum or
scaling limit, for arbitrary , the finite size corrections to are
{\it modular invariant} and for the critical phase are given by elliptic theta
functions. In the cylinder limit the ``cylinder charge''
is a non-monotonic function of that ranges from
for to zero for .Comment: 12 pages of Plain TeX with two postscript figure insertions called
torusfg1.ps and torusfg2.ps which can be obtained upon request from
[email protected]
Dallas with balls: televized sport, soap opera and male and female pleasures
Two of the most popular of television genres, soap opera and sports coverage have been very much differentiated along gender lines in terms of their audiences. Soap opera has been regarded very much as a 'gynocentric' genre with a large female viewing audience while the audiences for television sport have been predominantly male. Gender differentiation between the genres has had implications for the popular image of each. Soap opera has been perceived as inferior; as mere fantasy and escapism for women while television sports has been perceived as a legitimate, even edifying experience for men.
In this article the authors challenge the view that soap opera and television sport are radically different and argue that they are, in fact, very similar in a number of significant ways. They suggest that both genres invoke similar structures of feeling and sensibility in their respective audiences and that television sport is a 'male soap opera'. They consider the ways in which the viewing context of each genre is related to domestic life and leisure, the ways in which the textual structure and conventions of each genre invoke emotional identification, and finally, the ways in which both genres re-affirm gender identities
From inconsistency to hypocrisy: When does âsaying one thing but doing anotherâ invite condemnation?
It is not always possible for leaders, teams, and organizations to practice what they preach. Misalignment between words and deeds can invite harsh interpersonal consequences, such as distrust and moral condemnation, which have negative knock-on effects throughout organizations. Yet the interpersonal consequences of such misalignment are not always severe, and are sometimes even positive. This paper presents a new model of when and why audiences respond negatively to those who âsay one thing but do another.â We propose that audiences react negatively if they (a) perceive a high degree of misalignment (i.e., perceive low âbehavioral integrityâ), and (b) interpret such misalignment as a claim to an undeserved moral benefit (i.e., interpret it as hypocrisy). Our model integrates disparate research findings about factors that influence how audiences react to misalignment, and it clarifies conceptual confusion surrounding word-deed misalignment, behavioral integrity, and hypocrisy. We discuss how our model can inform unanswered questions, such as why people fail to practice what they preach despite the risk of negative consequences. Finally, we consider practical implications for leaders, proposing that anticipating and managing the consequences of misalignment will be more effective than trying to avoid it altogether
The Information Geometry of the One-Dimensional Potts Model
In various statistical-mechanical models the introduction of a metric onto
the space of parameters (e.g. the temperature variable, , and the
external field variable, , in the case of spin models) gives an alternative
perspective on the phase structure. For the one-dimensional Ising model the
scalar curvature, , of this metric can be calculated explicitly in
the thermodynamic limit and is found to be . This is positive definite and, for
physical fields and temperatures, diverges only at the zero-temperature,
zero-field ``critical point'' of the model.
In this note we calculate for the one-dimensional -state Potts
model, finding an expression of the form , where is the Potts
analogue of . This is no longer positive
definite, but once again it diverges only at the critical point in the space of
real parameters. We remark, however, that a naive analytic continuation to
complex field reveals a further divergence in the Ising and Potts curvatures at
the Lee-Yang edge.Comment: 9 pages + 4 eps figure
A New Method for the High-Precision Assessment of Tumor Changes in Response to Treatment
Imaging demonstrates that preclinical and human tumors are heterogeneous,
i.e. a single tumor can exhibit multiple regions that behave differently during
both normal development and also in response to treatment. The large variations
observed in control group tumors can obscure detection of significant
therapeutic effects due to the ambiguity in attributing causes of change. This
can hinder development of effective therapies due to limitations in
experimental design, rather than due to therapeutic failure. An improved method
to model biological variation and heterogeneity in imaging signals is
described. Specifically, Linear Poisson modelling (LPM) evaluates changes in
apparent diffusion co-efficient (ADC) before and 72 hours after radiotherapy,
in two xenograft models of colorectal cancer. The statistical significance of
measured changes are compared to those attainable using a conventional t-test
analysis on basic ADC distribution parameters. When LPMs were applied to
treated tumors, the LPMs detected highly significant changes. The analyses were
significant for all tumors, equating to a gain in power of 4 fold (i.e.
equivelent to having a sample size 16 times larger), compared with the
conventional approach. In contrast, highly significant changes are only
detected at a cohort level using t-tests, restricting their potential use
within personalised medicine and increasing the number of animals required
during testing. Furthermore, LPM enabled the relative volumes of responding and
non-responding tissue to be estimated for each xenograft model. Leave-one-out
analysis of the treated xenografts provided quality control and identified
potential outliers, raising confidence in LPM data at clinically relevant
sample sizes
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