12,626 research outputs found
Universal Properties of Galactic Rotation Curves and a First Principles Derivation of the Tully-Fisher Relation
In a recent paper McGaugh, Lelli, and Schombert showed that in an empirical
plot of the observed centripetal accelerations in spiral galaxies against those
predicted by the Newtonian gravity of the luminous matter in those galaxies the
data points occupied a remarkably narrow band. While one could summarize the
mean properties of the band by drawing a single mean curve through it, by
fitting the band with the illustrative conformal gravity theory with fits that
fill out the width of the band we show here that the width of the band is just
as physically significant. We show that at very low luminous Newtonian
accelerations the plot can become independent of the luminous Newtonian
contribution altogether, but still be non-trivial due to the contribution of
matter outside of the galaxies (viz. the rest of the visible universe). We
present a new empirical plot of the difference between the observed centripetal
accelerations and the luminous Newtonian expectations as a function of distance
from the centers of galaxies, and show that at distances greater than 10 kpc
the plot also occupies a remarkably narrow band, one even close to constant.
Using the conformal gravity theory we provide a first principles derivation of
the empirical Tully-Fisher relation.Comment: 6 pages, 15 figures. The paper is a comment on S. S. McGaugh, F.
Lelli, and J. M. Schombert, Phys. Rev. Lett. 117, 201101 (2016). Updated to
include a first principles derivation of the Tully-Fisher relation using the
conformal gravity theory. Submitted to Physics Letters
Effect of Loss on Multiplexed Single-Photon Sources
An on-demand single-photon source is a key requirement for scaling many
optical quantum technologies. A promising approach to realize an on-demand
single-photon source is to multiplex an array of heralded single-photon sources
using an active optical switching network. However, the performance of
multiplexed sources is degraded by photon loss in the optical components and
the non-unit detection efficiency of the heralding detectors. We provide a
theoretical description of a general multiplexed single-photon source with
lossy components and derive expressions for the output probabilities of
single-photon emission and multi-photon contamination. We apply these
expressions to three specific multiplexing source architectures and consider
their tradeoffs in design and performance. To assess the effect of lossy
components on near- and long-term experimental goals, we simulate the
multiplexed sources when used for many-photon state generation under various
amounts of component loss. We find that with a multiplexed source composed of
switches with ~0.2-0.4 dB loss and high efficiency number-resolving detectors,
a single-photon source capable of efficiently producing 20-40 photon states
with low multi-photon contamination is possible, offering the possibility of
unlocking new classes of experiments and technologies.Comment: Journal versio
The entanglement beam splitter: a quantum-dot spin in a double-sided optical microcavity
We propose an entanglement beam splitter (EBS) using a quantum-dot spin in a
double-sided optical microcavity. In contrast to the conventional optical beam
splitter, the EBS can directly split a photon-spin product state into two
constituent entangled states via transmission and reflection with high fidelity
and high efficiency (up to 100 percent). This device is based on giant optical
circular birefringence induced by a single spin as a result of cavity quantum
electrodynamics and the spin selection rule of trion transition (Pauli
blocking). The EBS is robust and it is immune to the fine structure splitting
in a realistic quantum dot. This quantum device can be used for
deterministically creating photon-spin, photon-photon and spin-spin
entanglement as well as a single-shot quantum non-demolition measurement of a
single spin. Therefore, the EBS can find wide applications in quantum
information science and technology.Comment: 7 pages, 5 figure
Time-reversal and super-resolving phase measurements
We demonstrate phase super-resolution in the absence of entangled states. The
key insight is to use the inherent time-reversal symmetry of quantum mechanics:
our theory shows that it is possible to \emph{measure}, as opposed to prepare,
entangled states. Our approach is robust, requiring only photons that exhibit
classical interference: we experimentally demonstrate high-visibility phase
super-resolution with three, four, and six photons using a standard laser and
photon counters. Our six-photon experiment demonstrates the best phase
super-resolution yet reported with high visibility and resolution.Comment: 4 pages, 3 figure
Photonic crystal fibre source of photon pairs for quantum information processing
We demonstrate two key components for optical quantum information processing:
a bright source of heralded single photons; and a bright source of entangled
photon pairs. A pair of pump photons produces a correlated pair of photons at
widely spaced wavelengths (583 nm and 900 nm), via a four-wave
mixing process. We demonstrate a non-classical interference between heralded
photons from independent sources with a visibility of 95%, and an entangled
photon pair source, with a fidelity of 89% with a Bell state.Comment: 4 pages, 3 figure
Process for producing a high emittance coating and resulting article
Process for anodizing aluminum or its alloys to obtain a surface particularly having high infrared emittance by anodizing an aluminum or aluminum alloy substrate surface in an aqueous sulfuric acid solution at elevated temperature and by a step-wise current density procedure, followed by sealing the resulting anodized surface. In a preferred embodiment the aluminum or aluminum alloy substrate is first alkaline cleaned and then chemically brightened in an acid bath The resulting cleaned substrate is anodized in a 15% by weight sulfuric acid bath maintained at a temperature of 30.degree. C. Anodizing is carried out by a step-wise current density procedure at 19 amperes per square ft. (ASF) for 20 minutes, 15 ASF for 20 minutes and 10 ASF for 20 minutes. After anodizing the sample is sealed by immersion in water at 200.degree. F. and then air dried. The resulting coating has a high infrared emissivity of about 0.92 and a solar absorptivity of about 0.2, for a 5657 aluminum alloy, and a relatively thick anodic coating of about 1 mil
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