Experimental in Engineering Design and Technology: Improving Research Outcomes

It is widely acknowledged that the use of experimental works have been applied in various research fields, engineering design, and technology in order to increase product performance and quality. For decades, many researches, scientists, and engineers, have used experimental design (e.g. modelling and simulation) to explain some kind of causation, to provide answers to research questions, to control variance (differences), and to reduce design costs. Speeding up the design process, reducing design changes, product material and labor complexity, and achieving manufacturing cost savings are argued as the result of the experimental design. In sum, experimental can be used as a vehicle for knowledge production in research through design, and it helps us to improve our everyday lives. This season, we are delighted to present the special edition of International Journal of Technology (IJTech) dedicated to improve research outcomes in engineering design and technology particularly through experimental research. This special edition presents twelve selected papers from the 13th International Conference on Quality in Research (QiR 2013) in Yogyakarta, Indonesia. This special issue discusses on the experimental works and simulation of integrated design in urban eco-technology that providing information, evaluation, and empirical solution as well as the contributions to the existing and future development of humanity

The Role of UI GreenMetric as a Global Sustainable Rankings for Higher Education Institutions

This note is presented as continuance discussion in previous edition more focus on how Higher Education Institutions (HEIs) contribute to create sustainable universities, sustainable future. As we know that university is an institution of higher education and research which awards academic degrees in various academic disciplines. Generally, it provides undergraduate education and postgraduate education involved large numbers of students, academic and non-academic staffs also wide areas of buildings. Hence, universities can be considered as “small cities” (Alshuwaikhat & Abubakar, 2008) whereas their massive daily activities in term of teaching, research, and community engagement, also movement of goods and persons inside and outside campuses have contributed greenhouse gases emission. We can see that universities have different type, function, size and buildings complexity, energy and electricity consumption, waste generation, water and materials consumption, public transportation, education activities and so forth so that obviously, they brought significant impacts on the environment within their boundaries. In regards to these facts, since the last two decades’ discussion on campuses’ externalities on environmental quality and integrity is profound and rise the need to consider sustainability in academic institutions.Many universities in developed countries have aware on this environmental issue, and take a lead in initiating and implementing policies on green and sustainability campus. For example, in US and UK where the greatest number of universities had actively involved in all aspects of sustainability (Puertas & Marti, 2019). Several Irish Universities set their policies on sustainability by referring to Education for Sustainable Development (ESD), a document produced by the Irish government that explicitly targets as National Strategy on Education for Sustainable Development in Ireland 2014-2020 (Shawe et al., 2019). Numbers of local and global association that strongly commit and put serious concern in sustainability issue such as Global Universities Partnership on Environment for Sustainability (GUPES), Sustainable Development Solutions Network (SDSN), International Sustainable Campus Network (ISCN), Association for the Advancement of Sustainability in Higher Education (AASHE), Sustainability University Network (SUN) Thailand, Campus Sustainability Network in Japan (CAS-Net Japan) etc. have been established and significantly growth in number of participating university. Furthermore, as the UNDP 17 SDGs became widely global concern including the role of HEIs in achieving SDG targets by 2030, many more universities become aware regarding the implementation of sustainability efforts and their annual report on sustainability which related to SDGs.   To appreciate and acknowledge universities who have strong commitment and works hard on campus sustainable efforts, UI GreenMetric World University Rankings was developed in 2010 as a tool to support green universities development (Suwartha & Riri, 2013). The ranking has 6 categories to be evaluated: firstly, the university landscape (setting and infrastructure), secondly the electricity consumption (energy and climate change), the third is waste management, the forth is water preservation, the fifth is green transportation for public, and the last is education and research that related to sustainability. From these 6 categories, some goals of the 17 SDGs are relevant such as goals 9 and 11 for category setting and infrastructure, goals 7, 12, and 13 for category energy and climate change, goals 3, 12, and 14 for category waste management, goal 6 for category water preservation, goals 13 and 15 for category green transportation, and goal 4 for category education and research. In 2018, 719 universities from 81 countries have participated in the rankings and have significantly changed their attitudes towards sustainability challenges in their own contexts. Having this large numbers of participants in global scale, UI GreenMetric World University Rankings Network (UIGWURN) was established in 2017 to be a platform for sharing best practices and encourage more universities to put sustainability agenda as one of their priorities. Currently, there are 29 country-based coordinators for the UIGWURN. The network has three main thematic priority activities: (1) Shaping Global Higher Education and Research in Sustainability; (2) Creating Global Sustainability Leaders; and (3) Partnering on Solutions to Sustainability Challenges.Significant impact of the UI GreenMetric ranking shown by the increasing number of participants, covered in dynamic regions of North America, South America, Europe, Africa, Asia, and Australia and Oceania. Many participating universities through their website express sincere gratitude and proud that their continuous sustainability efforts have been acknowledged by listed in the ranking. Appreciation to UI GreenMetric ranking also given by the International Ranking Expert Group (IREG) as a global sustainable ranking for university. Though several authors gave critical analysis and positive feedback for a green ranking including UI GreenMetric (i.e. Ragazzi & Ghidini, 2017), some authors on contrary proposed a composite indicator developed using data envelopment analysis (DEA) and combined with UI GreenMetric that later known as the DEA-GreenMetric ranking (Puertas & Marti, 2019).Based on the above findings, it can be concluded that UI GreenMetric has been acknowledged globally as the only one sustainability ranking which relevancy simple, accessible, and has significant role as benchmark or guidance tools particularly for universities in developing countries towards creating sustainable universities, sustainable future. Nurturing Research and Technology DevelopmentIn order to hasten developments in all research areas, various improvement of technologies through alternative designs, methods, modeling, experiments, and observation is urgently required. In this context, this edition presents twenty papers dedicated to promote research in engineering and environmental that direct and indirectly contributes to sustainable development goals. The first paper, written by M.M. Julian, A. Brenning, S. Kralisch, and M. Fink, presents the hydrological implications of the spatial plan 2029 and climate change. The authors argue that the hydrological model able to explore the impacts of land-use change and climate change, providing useful information for urban planning, environmental decision making, and water resources management.The next paper, written by A.T. Juniati, D. Sutjiningsih, H. Soeryantono, and E. Kusratmoko, analyses water availability estimation using the modified Soil Conservation Service Curve Number (SCS-CN) model. The authors argue that from the estimation of water availability, the water availability can still meet the water demand for current needs, but there will be shortage for the next 20 or 30 years.The third paper, written by S.G.P. Suvvari and V.V.S. Pasalapudi, examines the performance of encased silica-manganese slag stone columns in soft marine clay. The authors argue that the engineering behaviour of the soil was improved by introducing the Silica-Manganese slag than conventional stone columns and also with encasement length. The fourth paper, written by K.S. Vali and B. Murugan, investigates the impact of nano SiO2 particles on the physical and mechanical properties of cold-bonded artificial lightweight aggregates by the pelletization process. The authors argue that the results could be very useful in the enhancement of both the physical and mechanical properties of lightweight aggregates.The fifth paper, written by P. Sukapto, J.R. Octavia, P.A.D. Pundarikasutra, P. K. Ariningsih, and S. Susanto, evaluates occupational health and safety and in the home-based footwear industry. As a result, the authors recommend that the workshops need to improve their working environment, work facilities, safety climate and participatory ergonomics of the employees.The next paper, written by I.Z. Sutalaksana, S.Z.Z. Zakiyah, and A. Widyanti, examines the link risk behavior and accident rates in military tools manufacturer. The authors argue that occupational safety can be achieved through individual approaches based on basic human values and risk perception.The seventh paper, written by O. L. Driouach, K. Zarbane, and Z. Beidouri, reviews the use of lean manufacturing in small and medium-sized enterprises. The authors argue that the proposed alternative model can be used to implement lean manufacturing for the specific context of very small businesses (VSBs). The eighth paper, written by M. Iman, E.M. Yuniarno, and A.G. Sooai, proposes a low-cost system for capturing motion using stereo webcam and some daily house grade tools that has been specifically designed for theatre. The authors argue that the proposed system creates high accuracy and cost efficient. The next paper, written by T.M. Amine and A. Djebbari, proposes a method for building low-density-parity-check (LDPC) codes. The authors argue that the proposed codes ensure a very low encoding complexity and reduce the stored memory of the matrix H in which this matrix can be easily built comparing to others codes used in channel coding.The tenth paper, written by A. Khumaeni, H. Sutanto, and W.S. Budi, examines the use of an Nd:YAG laser operated at a low-energy of 30 mJ to produce gold nanoparticles. The authors argue that the gold nanoparticles with narrow size distribution and high purity can be successfully produced using the PLA technique.The eleventh paper, written by N.R Yanti, H. Heryani, M.D. Putra, and A. Nugroho, examines the triacetin production from glycerol using heterogeneous catalysts prepared from peat clay. The authors argue that the the conversion of glycerol for triacetin production using such alumina and silica catalysts yielded levels of 82.7% and 87.4% respectively. The next paper, written by M. Muslim, M.I. Alhamid, Nasruddin, M. Yulianto, and E. Marzuki, examines the variations in heat source temperatures for an organic rankine cycle power plant to produce electricity. The authors argue that optimum power estimation was measured several electrical power outputs between 1.76 and 2.74 kilowatts.The thirteenth paper, written by M. Dani, A. Dimyati, Parikin, D.R. Adhika, A.K. Jahja, A. Insani, Syahbuddin and C.A. Huang, examines the microstructure and deformation of austenitic super alloy after arc plasma sintering. The authors argue that the arc plasma sintering leads to a decrease in the area of the eutectic structure at the inter-dendrites and forms micro straine. The fourteenth paper, written by J.F. Fatriansyah, M. Joshua, R. Lailani and M. Chalid, presents crystallization kinetics study of impact polypropylene copolymer with kenaf as nucleating agent and reinforcement. The authors argue that that better crystal growth dynamics yields better mechanical strength in the IPC+kenaf system. The next paper, written by B. Priyono, A.Z. Syahrial, M.R. Nugraha, D. Sepala, Faizah and A. Subhan, examines the performance optimization of micro composites for lithium-ion batteries. The authors argue that the compounds of micro composites were successfully synthesized and obtained a reasonably high surface area and minimum aggregation.The sixteenth paper, written by A.S. Baskoro, R.P Kurniawan and Haikal, evaluates the 2-axis movement of a 5-axis gantry robot for welding applications. The authors argue that the best level of robot accuracy is 0.83% at a velocity of 2.5 mm/s, while the repeatability rate produces 96 ?m and 108 ?m on the X and Y axis.The next paper, written by D. Suwandi, R. Aziz, A. Sifa, E. Haris, J. Istiyanto and Y. Whulanza, examines the application of dry film photoresist on printed circuit board (PCB). The authors argue that the maskless photolithography process successfully conducted using DLP Projector Infocus IN114A applied to dry films photoresist.  The eighteenth paper, written by H. Iridiastadi, B. Anggawisnu, F.S. Didin, and P.A.R. Yamin, presents the prediction of dynamic axial crushing on a square tube with eight holes used as a crush initiator. The author argues that the proposed formulas can be used to predict average force, peak force and energy absorption of the dynamic axial crushing. The nineteenth paper, written by I. Abar and I.K.A.P. Utama, examines the effect of incline angle of propeller boss cap fins (PBCF) on ship propeller performance. The authors argue that the PBCF convergent hub results in increased efficiency of around 0.8%, whereas the divergent type decreases efficiency by about 1.0%.The last paper, written by M.Z.M.A. Zubair and S.I. Latumahina, investigates progressive collapse of the local elements and ultimate strength of a ro-ro ship. As a result,  the authors argue that the deformation of the local elements on the deck and bottom parts indicate that stress concentration appearead.We hope that this edition of IJTech conveys some new insights in the way we conduct our research. We are pleased to accept and respond to any comment or enquiry you may have on the direction and content of IJTech, and we invite you to join us in this venture by sending your work for consideration. &nbsp

The Impact of UI GreenMetric Involvement on Universities’ Performance in Shaping a Sustainable Campus

UI GreenMetric was established before the initiative of the Sustainable Development Goals and other ranking to encourage universities in achieving sustainable development through their early awareness of environmental management on campus. In 2019, Times Higher Education launched a new ranking, namely the THE Impact Rankings, that assessed Sustainability progress implementation on campus. In this paper, we evaluate the impact of the consistency of university that have been participated in UI GreenMetric World University Rankings (UIGWUR) since 2010 to 2021. We evaluate 36 universities on the correlation between good performance in UIGWUR to the THE Impact ranking performed by 2019-2021. The results reveal that UI GreenMetric as an assessment tool, helped those universities in terms of shaping university readiness to achieve sustainable development. Those universities compete through annual reporting and the provided evidence of their progress on UI GreenMetric. Moreover, some universities have a high commitment to become sustainable campus through participating in sustainability-related rankings to monitor their progress regardless of the ranking results

Land Value Capture Modeling in Commercial and Office Areas using a Big Data Approach

Infrastructure development in Indonesia creates massive impacts on the economy. The Light rail transit (LRT) of greater Jakarta (Jabodebek) project has been estimated to have cost more than 29 trillion rupiahs due to land acquisition and route planning. The urban transit development may impact to the price of property including residential, commercials and offices along the route. This research aims to determine variables affecting the price elasticity of property and the correlation to station proximity. Data mining through web scrapping was used to assess the degree of correlation between price elasticity and station location. The result shows that approximately 13% of the commercial property was spread over a distance of 1 km from the LRT station. The closer a property to transit station, the price will be twice cheaper compared to those located further. The findings also show variables that highly contribute to property prices including schools, hospitals, and proximity to some of transit stations located in city center of Jakarta and building density

Managing Technology Towards Sustainable Products and Services Development

It is our utmost pleasure to greet you to the International Journal of Technology (IJTech) publication. Considering the significant increased numbers of paper submission to IJTech, we are pleased to inform that IJTech publication will increase its publication volumes to heighten our journal service and quality. Following five years of biannually published, starting from this edition IJTech will increase both publication time (from two times in year to four times in year-January, April, July, October) and numbers of articles in each issue (from ten to twenty articles). It is expected that this policy will attract more papers and boosting research dissemination on technology development around the globe. Technology development is a significant key effort to gain product/project competitive advantages. Furthermore, designs and technologies evolve through different phases and may requires different methods, process and technology improvements to speed them along – from creating ideas, producing new prototypes to product commercialization. Methods and process improvements is also one of important tools to introduce process changes to improve the quality of a product or service, to better match end user needs. Thus the development of technologies that includes improvements to the design, methods and processes should be properly and carefully managed. In response to these issues, we are pleased to present twenty selected papers dedicated to managing technology towards sustainable products and services development. Within this theme, the issue discusses on technology management to define creative alternatives process to produce an effective solution for design and technology improvement. The following papers focus on modification, optimization, improvement, and technology implementation towards sustainable product and services

Developing Mobile Application for Residential Property Business in Transit-Oriented Development Areas

Transit-oriented development (TOD) areas are being constructed in Indonesia, particularly in Jakarta, since the issuance of the Regulation of Minister of Agrarian Affairs and Spatial Planning in 2017. This development has led to an increasing supply of apartment units in Jakarta, but this is contrary to the declining residential property sales, which was at the worst level in 2019. Therefore, this study aims to determine the factors that influence consumer preferences in buying residential properties in the TOD area, which serves as the basis for planning residential apartments in the next TOD area development. This study adopts both quantitative and qualitative methods through desk study and benchmarking, as well as questionnaire surveys and fuzzy logic to achieve its objectives. The results obtained here showed that the order of priority factors for consumers intending to buy property is financial, property type, and demographic factors. Consumers intending to rent property prioritize property type, financial, and demographic factors. Moreover, the higher one’s income means the lower one’s interest in living in the TOD area. Another objective of this research is to harness many mobile internet users in Indonesia, reaching 53% of the total population, to develop a mobile phone-based application that serves as the platform for sale and purchase transactions of residential properties in the TOD area. The proposed application has six features: My Preferences, which provides recommendations for suitable apartment units according to user preferences; Search My Apartment; My Store; Mortgage Simulation; Payment Gateway; and Profile Settings

Enhancing the Quality of Products and Projects through Better Designs and Modeling

Product quality improvement is one of the principal reasons to be more competitive in the global market. The essential methods widely employed to enhance product quality include discovering better designs and modelling. Moreover, creating alternative designs and stimulating innovation can be seen as important steps toward sustainable product and project development (Berawi, 2006; Berawi, 2015). To acquire better alternative designs, three basic common steps can be considered. The first step is to identify the needs of the project/product, particularly the functional requirements and design specifications. These parameters are combined and amended to determine the added value of the end results. The second step is to optimize the designs or project/product performances to obtain efficiency, safety, and sustainability, which can be done using simple- to advance-modelling and by simulating the design and process parameters throughout several iterations. The last step is to determine a rational method that should be well defined and formulated to improve the process and end result. The selection of appropriate methods will lead to the accuracy of choosing optimum design requirements, parameters, and measurement procedures. At the end result, the use of better designs and modelling will significantly contribute to the quality enhancement of designated products and projects. Furthermore, technological developments may contribute to accelerating product manufacturing in various fields of projects. To support this additional so-called catalyst, technology development processes and improvements can be generated by identifying key attributes, as well as by creating insightful and comprehensive approaches. In addition, interventions in terms of added value in technology development processes can play an important role in technology contributions and outcome

Developing Mobile Application for Land Value Capture Scheme to Finance Urban Rail Transit Projects

Land value capture (LVC) has shown great potential in financing urban rail system infrastructure, such as transit-oriented development (TOD). However, the government of Indonesia has not tapped this potential in order to close its infrastructure financing gap. This study aims to determine the incremental rate captured through a tax-based LVC mechanism and develop a property market-based mobile application to implement the scheme, with six TOD areas in seven stations of the Mass Rapid Transit (MRT) Jakarta Phase I project as the case study. This research used literature and benchmarking studies to collect data, followed by the calculations of the transport premium, total value increment, and value capture rate for the betterment tax implementation to obtain its research objectives. The results showed that a 5.82% value capture rate could recover 53.8% of the government's initial investment for the project. Based on that figure, betterment tax rates of 0.3% and 0.1% are proposed for residential properties within the radius of 100-400 m and 400-700 m from transit stations, respectively. Meanwhile, 2.5% and 2.4% tax rates are proposed for commercial properties within the radius of 0-300 m and 300-600 m, respectively. Furthermore, the activity workflow for a mobile application in which the government can issue tax invoices and taxpayers can make payments is also proposed to facilitate the implementation of LVC as an alternative source to finance TOD projects

Forecasting the Land Value around Commuter Rail Stations using Hedonic Price Modeling

The value of land is determined by the relationship between supply and demand in the land market and the land’s location, physical structure, and surrounding area. During infrastructure development, changes in land use and its characteristics are possible and may directly affect the land price significantly. This research aims to generate a prediction model of land market values in response to transportation infrastructure development and elaborates a correlation among factors affecting the land price. A hedonic pricing model is used through multiple linear regression to seek contributing factors affecting the land price. The result shows that the proposed hedonic model can predict the price of land using the model LnLand Price = 16.991 + 0.203 Shape of land + 0.084 Economy of Residents – 0.719 LogStation – 0.405 LogAge. This estimated formula could be used as part of a land value capture mechanism for future development

Science, Technology and Innovation for Sustainable World

In recent decades, the effects of globalization have created an extremely competitive atmosphere in all aspects of society. However, this flourishing competition must consider the harmony and balance between human needs and the environment to create a sustainable future. In this context, science and technology play important roles in enhancing the quality of researches and projects. Furthermore, innovative research combined with science and ecofriendly technology is essential for achieving sustainable development. However, sustainability and project development can be achieved through creating alternative designs and stimulating innovation. Furthermore, innovation in terms of adding value to technology development processes can play a significant role in technological contributions and outcomes.At the close of this year, it is our utmost pleasure to welcome you to a special edition of the International Journal of Technology (IJTech) that presents the best papers from the 15th International Conference on Quality in Research (QiR) 2017, which was held in Nusa Dua, Bali, Indonesia. The Faculty of Engineering, Universitas Indonesia organizes this biennial event, and this year it did so in collaboration with the Universitas Udayana and Politeknik Negeri Bali. QiR 2017 was held in conjunction with the International Conference on Saving Energy in Refrigeration and Air Conditioning (ICSERA), the 6th International Conference on Advanced Logistics and Transport (ICALT), the 2nd International Symposium on Biomedical Engineering (ISBE), and the 3rd Biannual Meeting on Bioprocess Engineering. QiR 2017 received 977 submissions from 28 countries worldwide, and 600 participants from universities, research institutions, and industries attended the event. There were seven symposia in QiR 2017, and they included many research themes, such as current issues in engineering research based on lab works, architecture, community engagement, and industrial applications. From approximately 500 presented papers, 60 papers were selected and divided into the three books of this special edition.In this first book, we are pleased to present 21 papers dedicated to product/project design and technology development. The readers will find various discussions regarding designs and modeling being implemented to create more effective and improved technologies in various engineering contexts