Risk Factors Associated with Elevated Blood Glucose Among Adults in Mwanza City, Tanzania

Tanzania Journal of Agricultural Sciences, 2015; 14(2) : 90-100Type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) prevalence is increasing at alarming rates posing significant health problem in Tanzania. Urbanization with economic advancement has led to lifestyle behaviors such as high intake of dense caloric foods, sedentary lifestyle, smoking, and limited intake of fruits and vegetables. All these have been associated with higher prevalence of cardiovascular diseases, hypertension and T2DM. This cross-sectional study was conducted to assess the risk factors and lifestyles characteristics associated with type 2 diabetes mellitus among adults in Mwanza city, Tanzania. A multistage random sampling technique was used to obtain 640 male and females respondents aged 30 and above years. Data were collected through face to face interview by using a structured questionnaire which was constructed to solicit information about risk factors and lifestyle characteristics of the respondents. Anthropometric measurements such as height, weight, waist and hip circumferences and total fat and fat free mass were also taken. Random blood glucose and blood pressure levels were measured. Prevalence of overweight in the studied population was 10.5% in males and 18.1% in females. Most females (60.8%; n=79) had waist hip ratio of ≥ 0.85. BMI and body fat were significantly (p˂0.05) related to elevated blood glucose. It was further noted that, relationship between diabetic respondents with their first degree relatives with diabetes was significant (p˂0.05). The relative risk for developing type 2 diabetes mellitus by having first class relative with the disease was RR 2.11, (95% CI: 1.4-3.1). There was a strong (p˂0.05) association between smoking and elevated blood glucose. It can be concluded that it is of utmost importance to intervene, and modify lifestyle behaviours of adults so as to reduce the risks of developing T2DM

Health Status of hospitalized elderly in Morogoro Regional Hospital

(East African Medical Journal 2001 78 (9): 489-492

Effect of nutrition education intervention and lifestyle behaviors on management of type 2 diabetes mellitus in Mwanza city, Tanzania

Journal of Continuing Education and Extension, 2015; 6(1): 775-788Type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) is a chronic disease associated with impaired glucose metabolism. This study aimed at assessing the effect of nutrition education intervention on the lifestyle behaviors and management of T2DM among adult diabetic patients who attended a clinic at Bugando hospital, Mwanza city for a period of one year during 2013. A cross-sectional study design was used to identify the population at risk of T2DM, from which random blood testing for glucose testing was conducted. Thereafter, a fasting blood glucose test was performed for the study sample with elevated blood sugar (>200 mg/dl) to confirm the cases (individuals suffering from T2DM).The cases were subjected to nutrition and lifestyle education intervention programme for one year. Findings showed that baseline mean fasting blood glucose was 285.15:=86.08ing/d1. Mean age was 55.8525 ± 9.36 years while the mean Body Mass Index (BMI) was 28.18 kg/m2, falling within the overweight category(24.9-29.9kg/m2); and there was a significant (p<0.05) difference in fasting blood glucose between males and females. After the intervention, results revealed that fluting blood glucose levels were observed to decrease gradually from the baseline period up to 12 months. The difference in blood glucose levels between clinical visits (three months) was found to be significant (p<0.05). There was about 34% average decrease in blood glucose levels from the baseline survey to the post-intervention measure. Fasting blood glucose during baseline was significantly higher (p<0.05) than at the 3months after intervention. There was 7.3% mean decrease in average body weight from the baseline to the post intervention measurement. Mean BMI also decreased gradually with time. This study revealed that nutrition and modification of lifestyle behavior such as participation in exercises and reducing the amount of starch had delayed the effects' of T2DMby one year. It is therefore, possible to delay or prevent the development of complications of diabetes by adherence to clinical recommendation on nutrition and lifestyle modification

Effect of nutrition education intervention and lifestyle behaviors on management of type 2 diabetes mellitus in Mwanza city, Tanzania

Journal of Continuing Education and Extension, 2015; 6(1): 775-788Type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) is a chronic disease associated with impaired glucose metabolism. This study aimed at assessing the effect of nutrition education intervention on the lifestyle behaviors and management of T2DM among adult diabetic patients who attended a clinic at Bugando hospital, Mwanza city for a period of one year during 2013. A cross-sectional study design was used to identify the population at risk of T2DM, from which random blood testing for glucose testing was conducted. Thereafter, a fasting blood glucose test was performed for the study sample with elevated blood sugar (>200 mg/dl) to confirm the cases (individuals suffering from T2DM).The cases were subjected to nutrition and lifestyle education intervention programme for one year. Findings showed that baseline mean fasting blood glucose was 285.15:=86.08ing/d1. Mean age was 55.8525 ± 9.36 years while the mean Body Mass Index (BMI) was 28.18 kg/m2, falling within the overweight category(24.9-29.9kg/m2); and there was a significant (p<0.05) difference in fasting blood glucose between males and females. After the intervention, results revealed that fluting blood glucose levels were observed to decrease gradually from the baseline period up to 12 months. The difference in blood glucose levels between clinical visits (three months) was found to be significant (p<0.05). There was about 34% average decrease in blood glucose levels from the baseline survey to the post-intervention measure. Fasting blood glucose during baseline was significantly higher (p<0.05) than at the 3months after intervention. There was 7.3% mean decrease in average body weight from the baseline to the post intervention measurement. Mean BMI also decreased gradually with time. This study revealed that nutrition and modification of lifestyle behavior such as participation in exercises and reducing the amount of starch had delayed the effects' of T2DMby one year. It is therefore, possible to delay or prevent the development of complications of diabetes by adherence to clinical recommendation on nutrition and lifestyle modification