To the rescue " basic first aid"

When confronted with an accident or illness on duty it is important to assess the situation to determine what kind of emergency situation you are dealing with, for your safety, the victim’s safety and that of others

School based cardiopulmonary resuscitation and automated external defibrillation program

This book is describing the management of type 2 diabetes in Malaysia. A marked increase of type 2 diabetes and associated morbidity and mortality rate over the last 10 years has been recorded in Malaysia. Ineffective diabetes management and a lack of self-care practice among type 2 diabetic patients have been identified as the major reasons for this problem. Research in other countries has highlighted a range of factors influencing effective self-care of type 2 diabetes including patients’ perspectives of diabetes, sociocultural issues, religious beliefs and support from healthcare. This book will provide information on how the patients with type 2 diabetes are currently being supported within the primary and secondary healthcare settings in urban areas in Malaysia in enhancing their self-care practice. It also provide information on how healthcare professionals who involved in the diabetes management perceived their roles and support that they gave to the patients. This book is intended to increase understanding of the healthcare professionals on the issues around the diabetes management and self-care support for patients with type 2 diabetes.This book is derived from a research project title “An exploration of self-care practice and self-care support of patients with type 2 diabetes in Malaysia”. However, the content of this book will focusing on the review of the current evidence of self-care support for patients with type 2 diabetes, the information on how this research was conducted, the findings derived from the data that is consist of the interview of the patients with type 2 diabetes, interviews with the healthcare professionals involved in the management of diabetes in the primary and secondary healthcare settings, observation of the diabetes consultation session between the patients and healthcare professionals and the analysis of the selected documents that are currently used in guiding the management of type 2 diabetes within the Malaysian healthcare settings.It is hope that this book will shed the light on the issues around the self-care support provision of type 2 diabetes particularly in Malaysia. Within the data that is presented in this book it is clear that, the increased incidence of uncontrolled type 2 diabetes is not merely due to poor self-care practice by patients, but also due to constraints in service delivery and underdevelopment of self-care support provision. The evidence generated can assist in the development of strategies to improve the quality of care and facilitate changes in the self-care support provision in Malaysia

A study of learning environments in the Kulliyyah (faculty) of nursing, International Islamic University Malaysia

Background: In a nursing programme, the main objective is to produce nursing graduates who can provide comprehensive care and treatment to the community. A good approach to the systematic design of a learning environment can lead to positive outcomes for graduates. The learning environment is more than student-teacher interaction, teaching and learning activities. Good physical structures and facilities provided by the university are important, too. Furthermore, the university must also be concerned about meeting students� psychosocial and emotional needs. The aim of this study is to measure the learning environment by administering the Dundee Ready Educational Environment Measure (DREEM) questionnaire to students across the four years of the Bachelor of Nursing programme at the Faculty of Nursing, IIUM, and to identify areas for change that may contribute to a more meaningful student learning experience. Methods: The DREEM questionnaire was administered to 105 Bachelor of Nursing students at IIUM. Results: The total mean score on the 50-item DREEM inventory was 120.12 out of a maximum of 200. Student perceptions of learning and their teachers, their academic self, social self and their perception of the atmosphere were all positive. Eight items with low mean scores (less than two) on the DREEM questionnaire were identified as requiring remediation. Conclusion: The implications include the need to create and maintain a supportive environment, in addition to designing and implementing interventions to remedy unsatisfactory elements of the learning environment if effective and successful teaching and learning are to be realised. Thus, specific remedial steps to improve the student learning environment of the Faculty of Nursing, IIUM are described

Reliability and validity of the Objective Structured Clinical Assessment (OSCA) in undergraduate nursing program

Clinical assessment is the one of the essential components in assessing student’s competency in nursing curriculum. There are various types of clinical assessment to measure the competency level of skills in nursing students. Nevertheless, the reliability and validity of the assessment is still unclear in the area of skill assessment, problem solving, knowledge and patient management. Objective structure clinical Examination (OSCE) is a reliable and valid method in evaluating nursing students’ clinical skill. However, problems with regard the OSCEs appeared because the assessment only focusing on the dexterity rather than focusing on the holistic care to the patient. Therefore, new method approach, objective structure clinical assessment (OSCA) was established. This study sought to identify the extent of reliability and validity of this OSCA assessment in the Faculty of Nursing at International Islamic University Malaysia (IIUM). The applicability of this assessment OSCA was also explored by assessing immediate nursing students' feedback regarding this exam. A total of 53 nursing students from the final year was drawn from a purposive random sampling. A self-developed checklist of procedures and feedback questionnaire adapted from another well-known OSCA’s study was used as research instruments. The results showed that there is a statistically significant positive correlation between the two examiners in all stations (rs of station 1=0.968; p=0.0001, rs of station 2=0.811; p=0.0001 and rsof station 3=0.728; p=0.005, rs of station 4=0.837; p= 0.003). Moreover, the reliability of the OSCA stations was measured using Cronbach α to evaluate the internal consistency of each station. The internal consistency of OSCA stations was statistically significant and highly reliable as Cronbach α was higher than 0.7 in three stations among four exam stations. The findings indicated that the OSCA examination was a reliable and valid method in assessing undergraduate nursing students. The running cost of the OSCA is outweighed by the educational benefits, examiners’ satisfaction as well as students’ satisfaction

Development of a disaster kit based on a cultural context for flood disaster relief and preparedness

Introduction: Flood disaster is a natural disaster that has unexpectedly occurred again. Community cooperation in terms of managing flood and focusing on families’ needs has become more systematic. It is important for a household to be prepared in any disaster. One of the preparations that should be done is the stockpiling of emergency supplies or flood supply kits during evacuation. This study aimed to develop a specific disaster kit for households for evacuation during a flood disaster based on cultural context. Methods: Data were collected from 75 key informants from every level of households that really have a great experience during the flood disaster that helping family packing for a living needs before evacuation. The development of the disaster kit based on cultural needs and all their views, needs, experiences, challenges, frustration and happiness was obtained from the interview sessions. Results: There are five themes that emerged from this research related to developing a disaster kit. The themes are community preparedness in dealing with flood disaster, hygiene issues during the flood, inadequate food supply, how the community responds to insufficient water supply, and coping method with illness. After being finalized, there are seven kits: a general supplies kit, documentation kit, emergency food and water supply kit, prayer kit, hygiene kit, basic first aid kit, and baby kit. Conclusion: The development disaster kit was created to help the communities to be more aware and prepared before disaster strike

The use of simulation technique among undergraduate nursing student

Introduction. Simulation is widely practised as learning strategies in many disciplines including nursing. It is considered an updated technological approach towards providing safe and sound patients care. Thus, this study was conducted to assess the level of knowledge among nursing students using a simulated mannequin for cardiovascular assessment. Methods. This is a cross-sectional study design focusing Year 4 nursing students at Kulliyyah of Nursing, International Islamic University Malaysia (IIUM). A simulation mannequin was used for students performing a cardiovascular assessment. Level of knowledge was tested using an adapted questionnaire. The study was approved by the Kulliyyah of Nursing Postgraduate Research Committee (Ref: IIUM/313/DDAA/20/4/10) and IIUM Research Ethics Committee (Ref: IREC 2018-024). Results. A total of 57 nursing students involved in this study revealing 100% good level of knowledge for cardiovascular assessment. Fifty-two of them reported that simulation exercise is one of the good learning strategies to enhance their capabilities and increase their confidence level. Conclusions. The results from this study could indicate that using technological simulation approach could provide a similar effect in performing cardiovascular assessment among nursing student IIUM. Future larger scale is needed including any other sub-disciplines in nursing to facilitate students' preparation towards the real clinical setting

Smoking cessation and its relationship with religiosity: a review of literature

This study aims to systematically review the literature regarding the relationship between religiosity/spirituality and smoking behaviour. Systematic searches were conducted to identify the literature published since 2013-2019 based on sets of inclusion and exclusion criteria. Four electronic databases were used to identify the literature, including Scopus, Science Direct, ProQuest and PubMed. The search was limited to full-text articles/ review papers and in English or Malay language only. Articles on smoking prevention and other nicotine delivering devices such as vape or electronic cigarette were excluded from the study. Initially, 26,938 articles were retrieved, but only 12 were finalised to be critically appraised. Out of the 12 studies, five studies revealed a significant relationship between religious/spiritual activities and cessation while the others showed an inverse association between religiosity and smoking. Religiosity/spirituality played an essential role in influencing smoking behaviour, making it an important vehicle to complement other existing tobacco control efforts. Limited studies were focusing on the Islamic religion despite the growing number of the Muslim population worldwide. Thus further research on the integration of Islamic religion in the smoking cessation program is highly recommended, especially in a Muslim country like Malaysia

Health and flood: hidden dangers and challenges of flood disaster

Floods are the most common natural disaster and the highest fatality rate among the natural disaster around the world. The health impacts of floods are wide ranging, and depend on many factors. The physical and mental health may be affected during and after flooding. With that, it is important to be aware that the impact on health due to floods and there is needed to implement a comprehensive management in preparedness, response and recovery phase of flood disaster management to reduce the adverse effects of floods as well as for the ffectiveness of public health intervention. The purpose of this paper was to illustrate the health impacts of floods and to explore the hidden dangers and challenges during and aftermath of flood disaster. The reviewed literature for this paper was based on the related data sources of floods,flooding, disasters, extreme events, health impacts, floods and health, health impacts of flood in PubMed, Google scholar and research gate within fifteen years. In this paper, the health impacts due to flooding from different dimensions such as impacts of physical health and mental health have been discussed and then explored the hidden dangers and challenges during and aftermath of the flood disaster. During the flood and its aftermath, there are also threats to an individual’s health and safety. It is strongly suggested that enhanced public health planning and interventions could focus on the precise practices and mechanisms that intersect to produce anxiety, stress, and their amelioration at individual and community levels

Learning styles of Malaysian generation ‘Y’ healthcare undergraduates

Objective The learning styles of millennial students, also known as Generation ‘Y’, have been examined in the past to match the teaching style of an educator with the aim of improving behaviors, attitudes, and academic achievements. However, focus on Generation ‘Y’ healthcare undergraduates from a multi-cultural Asian society, is scarce and fragmented. Therefore, this research aims to identify the learning style preferences of Generation ‘Y’ undergraduates enrolled in varied healthcare programs at a Malaysian University. Method A quantitative cross-sectional study design was adopted. Honey and Mumford's Learning Style Questionnaire was used to explore the learning styles. Results The reflector learning style was most preferred by the Malaysian healthcare undergraduates, and no significant difference was found between the learning styles of the clinical group and the semi-clinical group. Conclusions Educators should engage Malaysian healthcare undergraduates in a non-threatening environment — Association between learning style and sociodemographic warrants further investigation

A snapshot of pre- And Post-intervention changes among cardiovascular disease patients participating in the new Smoking Cessation Program

Background: The study evaluates the changes of pre and post stages of behavioral change, motivation level, and smoking status among cardiovascular disease patients, participating in the new smoking cessation program in Hospital Tengku Ampuan Afzan, Kuantan. Methods: A total of 65 adult cardiac patients were randomly distributed into two groups, i.e., intervention and control group, who were baseline smokers and assessed in three phases. Initially, the first, second, and third phase collected the information about their demographic details, their smoking status, and smoking status using cotinine amylase strip, respectively. Results: It showed that behavioral change was significant for the control group (P value = 0.031), while motivation level improved for both groups (i.e., control, P value = 0.000 and intervention group, P value = 0.001). The smoke quitting status percentage was higher for intervention group 41.9% and lower for control group 20.6%; however, the P value was insignificant for both control group (1.000) and intervention group (0.250). Conclusions: This study suggests a need for more personal testimonial videos to focus on other smoking-related diseases