Modeling Locational Differences And Prediction Of Temporal Concentration Of Pm10 Using Time Series Analysis

The aim for this research is to model and predict the PM10 concentrations using the probability distributions and time series models to help curb the adverse impact of PM10 on human health. Ten monitoring stations with five years PM10 monitoring records from 2000 to 2004 were used in this research. Four distributions namely gamma, log-normal, Weibull and inverse Gaussian distributions were used to fit hourly average of PM10 observation records. Based on the five types of performance indicator values, the gamma distribution is chosen as the best distribution to fitting Johor Bharu, Jerantut, Kangar and Nilai while, log-normal distribution was fitted to Kota Kinabalu, Kuantan, Kuching, Manjung, Melaka and Seberang Perai. Predicted PM10 concentrations which exceeds the threshold limit in unit of days were estimated using the best distributions and were compared to the actual monitoring records. In order to calibrate the monitoring records from E-sampler and Beta Attenuation Mass (BAM), the most appropriate k-factor given by Kuching station was used. In addition, the daily average of PM10 concentrations was used to find the best time series model. Three types of time series models were used named autoregressive (AR), moving-average (MA) and autoregressive moving-average (ARMA). The AR(1) is identified as the best model to represent all stations except for Jerantut which is represented by the ARMA(1, 1)

A Framework For Monitoring And Modelling Of Btex In Various Development Statuses In Penang, Malaysia.

The development and urbanization process in Malaysia are believed to contribute to the deterioration of air quality. The rapid growth of the Malaysian economy lead to the increase of motor vehicles ownership, in 2006, there 6.91 million registered cars running on the roads in Malaysia. Benzene, Toluene, Ethylbenzene and Xylene (BTEX) form an important group of aromatic Volatile Organic Compounds (VOCs), emitted mainly from cars, where BTEX is a known carcinogenic

Time effects of high particulate events on the critical conversion point of ground-level ozone

Particulate matter (PM), especially those with an aerodynamic particle size of less than 10 μm (PM10), is typically emitted from transboundary forest fires. A large-scale forest fire may contribute to a haze condition known as a high particulate event (HPE), which has affected Southeast Asia, particularly Peninsular Malaysia, for a long time. Such event can alter the photochemical reactions of secondary pollutants. This work investigates the influence of PM on ground-level ozone (O3) formation during HPE. Five continuous air quality monitoring stations from different site categories (i.e., industrial, urban and background) located across Peninsular Malaysia were selected in this study during the HPEs in 2013 and 2014. Result clearly indicated that O3 concentrations were significantly higher during HPE than during non-HPE in all the sites. The O3 diurnal variation in each site exhibited a similar pattern, whereas the magnitudes of variation during HPE and non-HPE differed. Light scattering and atmospheric attenuation were proven to be associated with HPE, which possibly affected O3 photochemical reactions during HPE. Critical conversion time was used as the main determining factor when comparing HPE and non-HPE conditions. A possible screening effect that resulted in the shifting of the critical transformation point caused a delay of approximately of 15–30 min. The shifting was possibly influenced by the attenuation of sunlight in the morning during HPE. A negative correlation between O3 and PM10 was observed during the HPE in Klang in 2013 and 2014, with −0.87. Essentially, HPE with a high PM concentration altered ground-level O3 formation

Time effects of high particulate events on the critical conversion point of ground-level ozone

Particulate matter (PM), especially those with an aerodynamic particle size of less than 10 μm (PM10), is typically emitted from transboundary forest fires. A large-scale forest fire may contribute to a haze condition known as a high particulate event (HPE), which has affected Southeast Asia, particularly Peninsular Malaysia, for a long time. Such event can alter the photochemical reactions of secondary pollutants. This work investigates the influence of PM on ground-level ozone (O3) formation during HPE. Five continuous air quality monitoring stations from different site categories (i.e., industrial, urban and background) located across Peninsular Malaysia were selected in this study during the HPEs in 2013 and 2014. Result clearly indicated that O3 concentrations were significantly higher during HPE than during non-HPE in all the sites. The O3 diurnal variation in each site exhibited a similar pattern, whereas the magnitudes of variation during HPE and non-HPE differed. Light scattering and atmospheric attenuation were proven to be associated with HPE, which possibly affected O3 photochemical reactions during HPE. Critical conversion time was used as the main determining factor when comparing HPE and non-HPE conditions. A possible screening effect that resulted in the shifting of the critical transformation point caused a delay of approximately of 15–30 min. The shifting was possibly influenced by the attenuation of sunlight in the morning during HPE. A negative correlation between O3 and PM10 was observed during the HPE in Klang in 2013 and 2014, with −0.87. Essentially, HPE with a high PM concentration altered ground-level O3 formation

A review of emergency management governance at construction sites in Malaysia

The construction industry is one of the biggest industries in Malaysia which contribute to a significant growth towards the country’s economy. Accidents, disasters, or crisis events originating either from internal or external of the construction site can cause delays to the project and impact the continuity and productivity of the overall project, hence there is a need for emergency management capability to be available for each construction site. Hence, it is the objective of this research is to identify and review current emergency management governance in construction industries in Malaysia and indicate the compliance of the governance towards Malaysia’s disaster management environment. In understanding disaster governance of emergency management in Malaysia at the construction site and in the construction industry, a systematic procedure for reviewing and evaluating documents which include both printed and electronic materials was conducted. This study concentrates on both the content validity method and face validity method. Identify significant documents were studied and recorded to acknowledge the contribution and support that the document provides towards disaster management and validation of findings from subject matter experts in the industry. Findings indicate that there is still a huge gap in the construction industry emergency management and governance in emergency management is greatly needed in ensuring the high productivity and sustainability of the construction industry