Assessment of Surrogate of Ecosystem Health Using Indicator Species and Mixed-Species Bird Flock

Investigation of the use of indicator species as a surrogate for ecosystem health was conducted during 2014 in the periphery of the Bukit Barisan Selatan National Park, Lampung, Indonesia. The survey area composed of forest, edge, and agricultural areas in three sites at the Pemerihan village. We used point count for bird surveys within 1 km transect to obtain the data and ad-libitum observation for mixed-species bird flock. The analysis was made by using Indicator Value (IV) to select the potential indicator species which complemented how mixed-flock groups formed at the sites and further analyzed by using principal component analysis. Among 127 species recorded, one species has been identified with high IV (IV>60) and 15 species have intermediate IV (30<IV<60). Our results suggested that Sooty-headed Bulbuls Pycnonotus aurigaster are the species with the highest IV which are exploiter species and indicator for agricultural gardens. Moreover, none of the birds with highest IV overlap among habitats, which indicate that proportions are very specific in terms of habitat types. Based on principal component analysis, mixed-flocks tend to comprise of edge-to-forest species and formed at edge which may indicate food availability in the area

FAKTOR SOSIAL EKONOMI YANG MEMPENGARUHI CURAHAN WAKTU KERJA WANITA TANI (Studi Kasus pada Kelompok Wanita Tani Mekar Mukti di Desa Girimukti dan Kelompok Wanita Tani Dewi Pertiwi di Desa Gunungsari Kecamatan Kasokandel Kabupaten Majalengka)

Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui: (1) pengaruh faktor internal sosial ekonomi terhadap curahan waktu kerja wanita tani, (2) pengaruh faktor ekternal sosial ekonomi terhadap curahan waktu kerja wanita tani, (3) pengaruh faktor internal dan faktor eksternal secara bersama-sama (simultan) terhadap curahan waktu kerja wanita tani, dan (4) variabel yang paling besar pengaruhnya diantara faktor internal dan faktor external sosial ekonomi terhadap curahan waktu kerja wanita tani. Penelitian ini dilakukan pada Kelompok Wanita Tani Mekar Mukti di Desa Girimukti dan Kelompok Wanita Tani Dewi Pertiwi di Desa Gunungsari Kecamatan Kasokandel Kabupaten Majalengka. Desain dan teknik penelitian ini menggunakan metode survey dengan teknik penelitian deskriptif kuantitatif. Hasil analisis regresi berganda menunjukkan bahwa curahan waktu kerja wanita tani dipengaruhi oleh faktor internal dan faktor eksternal sosial ekonomi dengan persamaan Ŷ = 22,543 + (-0,581) X1 + 0,447 X2. Dari persamaan Ŷ = 22,543 + (-0,581) X1 + 0,447 X2. Dapat dilihat bahwa pengaruh faktor eksternal sosial ekonomi (X2) lebih kuat dibandingkan dengan pengaruh faktor internal sosial ekonomi (X1) terhadap curahan waktu kerja wanit tani

Using SMS surveys to understand songbird ownership and shark product consumption in Indonesia

The unsustainable use of wildlife increases the risk of species extinction. In biodiversity-rich Indonesia, information on the scale of wildlife use is limited and requires further study. To address this, we explored the potential of text messaging (short message service; SMS) surveys to investigate levels and spatial patterns of domestic wildlife use, using songbird keeping and shark consumption as case studies because of their widespread occurrence in all 34 Indonesian provinces. We sent 340,000 messages for each survey during October–November 2018 and incentivized responses with a mobile data package as reward. We obtained survey response rates of 1.4% (songbird ownership) and 1.5% (shark consumption). Our results revealed an estimated 175.7 million songbirds being kept by 35% (80.4–86.6 million) of the Indonesian population and 33.5 million people (14% of the Indonesian population) to have consumed shark products in their lifetime. We identified hotspots of songbird ownership in several provinces in Java, corroborating previous findings, and new ones in the North Sumatra province, for example. The provinces of Maluku, Aceh and East Nusa Tenggara had the highest numbers of reported shark consumers per 1,000 people. Responses indicated a wide variety of shark products being consumed, highlighting the need for in-depth research to understand the explanatory factors behind these practices. These findings demonstrate the potential of SMS surveys to be a cost-effective approach for conducting large-scale studies on wildlife consumption patterns over a short period of time