859 research outputs found
Gaze and Gestures in Telepresence: multimodality, embodiment, and roles of collaboration
This paper proposes a controlled experiment to further investigate the
usefulness of gaze awareness and gesture recognition in the support of
collaborative work at a distance. We propose to redesign experiments conducted
several years ago with more recent technology that would: a) enable to better
study of the integration of communication modalities, b) allow users to freely
move while collaborating at a distance and c) avoid asymmetries of
communication between collaborators.Comment: Position paper, International Workshop New Frontiers in Telepresence
2010, part of CSCW2010, Savannah, GA, USA, 7th of February, 2010.
http://research.microsoft.com/en-us/events/nft2010
FairShap: A Data Re-weighting Approach for Algorithmic Fairness based on Shapley Values
Algorithmic fairness is of utmost societal importance, yet the current trend
in large-scale machine learning models requires training with massive datasets
that are frequently biased. In this context, pre-processing methods that focus
on modeling and correcting bias in the data emerge as valuable approaches. In
this paper, we propose FairShap, a novel instance-level data re-weighting
method for fair algorithmic decision-making through data valuation by means of
Shapley Values. FairShap is model-agnostic and easily interpretable, as it
measures the contribution of each training data point to a predefined fairness
metric. We empirically validate FairShap on several state-of-the-art datasets
of different nature, with a variety of training scenarios and models and show
how it yields fairer models with similar levels of accuracy than the baselines.
We illustrate FairShap's interpretability by means of histograms and latent
space visualizations. Moreover, we perform a utility-fairness study, and
ablation and runtime experiments to illustrate the impact of the size of the
reference dataset and FairShap's computational cost depending on the size of
the dataset and the number of features. We believe that FairShap represents a
promising direction in interpretable and model-agnostic approaches to
algorithmic fairness that yield competitive accuracy even when only biased
datasets are available.Comment: 33 pages, 11 figures, 7 table
Improving PWR core simulations by Monte Carlo uncertainty analysis and Bayesian inference
A Monte Carlo-based Bayesian inference model is applied to the prediction of
reactor operation parameters of a PWR nuclear power plant. In this
non-perturbative framework, high-dimensional covariance information describing
the uncertainty of microscopic nuclear data is combined with measured reactor
operation data in order to provide statistically sound, well founded
uncertainty estimates of integral parameters, such as the boron letdown curve
and the burnup-dependent reactor power distribution. The performance of this
methodology is assessed in a blind test approach, where we use measurements of
a given reactor cycle to improve the prediction of the subsequent cycle. As it
turns out, the resulting improvement of the prediction quality is impressive.
In particular, the prediction uncertainty of the boron letdown curve, which is
of utmost importance for the planning of the reactor cycle length, can be
reduced by one order of magnitude by including the boron concentration
measurement information of the previous cycle in the analysis. Additionally, we
present first results of non-perturbative nuclear-data updating and show that
predictions obtained with the updated libraries are consistent with those
induced by Bayesian inference applied directly to the integral observables.Comment: 10 pages, 11 figure
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