Dynamic changes in microbiome composition following Mare's milk intake for prevention of collateral antibiotic effect

INTRODUCTION: Probiotics and prebiotics are widely used for recovery of the human gut microbiome after antibiotic treatment. High antibiotic usage is especially common in children with developing microbiome. We hypothesized that dry Mare's milk, which is rich in biologically active substances without containing live bacteria, could be used as a prebiotic in promoting microbial diversity following antibiotic treatment in children. The present pilot study aims to determine the impacts of dry Mare's milk on the diversity of gut bacterial communities when administered during antibiotic treatment and throughout the subsequent recovery phase. METHODS: Six children aged 4 to 5 years and diagnosed with bilateral bronchopneumonia were prescribed cephalosporin antibiotics. During the 60 days of the study, three children consumed dry Mare's milk whereas the other three did not. Fecal samples were collected daily during antibiotic therapy and every 5 days after antibiotic therapy. Total DNA was isolated and taxonomic composition of gut microbiota was analyzed by 16S rRNA amplicon sequencing. To assess the immune status of the gut, stool samples were analyzed by bead-based multiplex assays. RESULTS: Mare's milk treatment seems to prevent the bloom of Mollicutes, while preventing the loss of Coriobacteriales. Immunological analysis of the stool reveals an effect of Mare’s milk on local immune parameters under the present conditions

STRUCTURAL CHANGES IN THE MICROBIOME IN RATS WITH DSS-INDUCED COLITIS

Microflora plays a critical role in the initiation and development of inflammatory bowel disease (IBD). There are many facts accumulated about the effect of intestinal dysbiosis on the pathogenesis of Crohn’s disease and ulcerative colitis (UC). A biological preparation based on intestinal bacteria can modulate the intestinal normoflora in IBD. We evaluated the effect of the biological drug on rat intestinal microbiome in DSS-induced colitis.Rats were divided into 4 groups: without a colitis model (n = 7); with a colitis model received (n=6); experimental group animals (with a colitis model) received a 10% DSS solution for 7 days, and biology product intragastrically at a dose of 500 mg/kg body weight once per day for 7 days (n = 7); comparison group animals (with a colitis model) received a 10% DSS solution for 7 days and as a treatment the 5-ASA (5-aminosalicylic acid) intragastrically at a dose of 100 mg / kg of animal body weight once for 7 days (n = 6). In our work, we found a decrease in bactericides after 7 days of 10% DSS. An increased in the biodiversity index in the control group is associated with an increase in the following genera: Murimonas, Victivallales, Anaerofustis and etc. Wang W. et. al. shows a decrease in the number of Lactobacillus and Bifidobacteria were significantly reduced in DSS-induced colitis. In our study, the use of biological product show to the partial restoration of certain types of intestinal bacteria such as gram-positive Clostridium XVIII, Faecalibacterium, gram-negative Microbacter, Phascolarctobacterium producing SCFAs, etc

SPECIFICATIONS OF NUTRITION WITH HEALTHY AND PATHOLOGICAL CONDITIONS OF PSORIASIS

Psoriasis is a long-lasting autoimmune disease characterized by patches of abnormal skin. 183 participants in the experiment were selected for the study, half of which are with psoriasis disease. All participants in the study passed the EPIC-Norfolk Food Frequency Questionnaire, which was completed once and included a diet over the past week. The aim of the study was to identify the intakes of different nutrients in two groups by age. AfterquestionnaireFETAtoolwasusedtoanalyzeallanswers (http://www. srl.cam.ac.uk/epic/epicffq/). The output was the results for all nutrients and macro and microelements that are in the food. Significant differences in patients were in eight nutrients, namely: betacarotene, carotene, fructose, potassium, potatoes, fruits, nuts and seeds, and vegetables. All differences are in favor of healthy patients. patients with psoriasis had a diet with low income of fruits and vegetables which brought to the deficiency in some nutrients and vitamins. The used tool for converting food frequency questionnaire data into nutrient and food group values can be used widely for different study populations

EFFECT OF MARE’S MILK PREBIOTIC SUPPLEMENTATION ON THE GUT MICROBIOME AND THE IMMUNE SYSTEM DURING AND AFTER ANTIBIOTIC THERAPY

Antibiotic treatment can severely affect the gut microbiome with short-term and long-term consequences. Probiotic and prebiotic supplements are widely prescribed to modulate the composition and function of the human gut microbiome. The current study aims to determine the impacts of mare’s milk prebiotic on the diversity of gut bacterial communities and the local immune system when administered during and after a course of antibiotic therapy. Six children aged 4 to 5 years diagnosed with bilateral bronchopneumonia were prescribed cephalosporin (Cefuroxime) antibiotics. During the 60 days of the study, 3 children consumed mare’s milk prebiotics whereas the other 3 did not. Fecal samples were collected daily during antibiotic therapy and every 5 days after antibiotic therapy. Total DNA was isolated and taxonomic composition of the gut microbiome was analyzed by sequencing of the 16S rRNA gene (V1-V3 region). To evaluate the local immune status the MILLIPLEX MAP platform was used. Counts of 11genera were reduced, which did not recover until the last day of the study. The abundance of Bacteroides were not significantly altered in both groups. Christensenella, Rothia, Abiotrophia, Acinetobacter, Anaerotruncus, Holdemania and Turicibacter numbersare significantly increased at day 5 and remained at the same level during the study period. Cephalosporin administration also reduced pro-inflammatory and anti-inflammatory cyto/ chemokines (MIP1α, TNFα, GMCSF, GCSF, sCD40L, FGF2, TGFα, IL1α, IP10)

Supplementary Material for: The Trajectory of Successful Aging: Insights from Metagenome and Cytokine Profiling

Introduction: The longevity is influenced by of genetic, environmental, and lifestyle factors. The specific changes that occur in the gut microbiome during the aging process, and their relationship to longevity and immune function, have not yet been fully understood. The ongoing research other microbiome based to longevity cohort in Kazakhstan, provides preliminary information on longevity-related aging, where cytokine expression is associated with specific microbial communities and microbial functions. Methods: Metagenomic shotgun sequencing study of 40 long-lived individuals aged 90 years and over were carried out, who were conditionally healthy and active, able to served themselves, without a history of serious infection and cancer, who had not taken any antimicrobials, including probiotics. Blood serum weas analyzed to clinical and laboratory characteristics. The cytokine and chemokine profile in serum and stool samples was assessed using Multiplex analysis. Results: We found a significant increase in the expression of pro-inflammatory cytokines IL-1a, IL-6, 12p70, IP-10, IFN-α2, IL-15 TNFa, as well as chemokines MIP-1a/CCL3 and MIP-1b/CCL4, chemokine motif ligands MCP-3/CCL7 and MDC/CCL22(1c). Nonagenerians and centenarians demonstrated a greater diversity of core microbiota genera and showed an elevated prevalence of the genera Bacteroides, Clostridium, Escherichia and Alistipes. Conversely, there was a decrease in the abundance of the genera Ruminococcaceae, Fusicatenibacter, Dorea, as well as the species Fusicatenibacter saccharivorans. Furthermore, functional analysis revealed that the microbiome in long-lived group has a high capacity for lipid metabolism, amino acid degradation, and potential signs of chronic inflammatory status. Conclusion: Long-lived individuals exhibit an immune system imbalance and observed changes in the composition of the gut microbiota at the genus level between to the two age groups. Age-related changes in the gut microbiome, metabolic functions of the microbial community, and chronic inflammation all contribute to immunosenescence. In turn, the inflammatory state and microbial composition of the gut is related to nutritional status