PENGARUH PEMBERIAN EKSTRAK ETANOL BUAH ANDALIMAN (Zanthoxylum acanthopodium DC.) TERHADAP PROFIL DARAH TIKUS PUTIH (Rattus norvegicus L.) YANG DIINDUKSI TARTRAZIN

Tartrazin atau yang dikenal dengan FD Yellow 5/ E102 merupakan pewarna kuning lemon sintetis. Penggunaan tartrazin yang mencapai batas toksik dapat menyebabkan stres oksidatif salah satunya terhadap profil darah. Efek yang disebabkan dari penggunaan tartrazin dapat diatasi dengan memanfaatkan tumbuhan herbal sebagai terapi obat. Salah satunya buah andaliman (Zanthoxylum acanthopodium DC.). Tujuan dari penelitian ini adalah untuk mengetahui pengaruh ekstrak buah andaliman terhadap jumlah eritrosit, hemoglobin, leukosit dan trombosit tikus putih yang diinduksi tartrazin. Penelitian ini menggunakan rancangan acak lengkap dengan 25 ekor tikus dibagi menjadi 5 kelompok perlakuan. Kontrol negatif diberi CMC 1% selama 30 hari, kontrol positif diberi tartrazin dengan dosis 15 mg/kgBB di pagi hari dan CMC 1% di sore hari selama 30 hari, kelompok perlakuan 1, 2, 3 diberi tartrazin dengan dosis 15 mg/kgBB pada pagi hari dan ekstrak etanol buah andaliman dengan dosis bertingkat (P1=150 mg/kgBB, P2=300 mg/kgBB, P3=450 mg/kg BB) pada sore hari selama 30 hari. Tahapan penelitian ini meliputi skrining fitokimia, uji flvonoid total, uji kadar total antioksidan (IC50), pengamatan jumlah eritrosit, hemoglobin, leukosit dan trombosit menggunakan hematology analyzer. Analisis data menggunakan one way ANOVA dan dilanjutkan dengan uji duncan. Hasil yang didapatkan diantaranya ekstrak etanol buah andaliman berpengaruh sangat nyata terhadap eritrosit, hemoglobin, leukosit dan trombosit dengan nilai P=0,000 dan rata-rata nilai eritrosit (6.82 µl), hemoglobin (9.00 g/dl), leukosit (11.34 µl), trombosit (434.00 mm3). Dosis ekstrak buah andaliman yang optimal untuk menangkal dan memperbaiki jumlah eritrosit, hemoglobin, leukosit dan trombosit adalah dosis 450 mg/kg BB.

Antioxdant, antimicrobial and wound healing properties of quercus infectoria gall extracts

Quercus infectoria is one of the greatest herbs and contains several bioactive compounds which are believed to possess wound healing property. However, the scientific data to support its wound healing action is very rare and to date, the extraction of local Q. infectoria using various solvents is not well-established. Hence, the objective of the present research is to evaluate the antioxidant, antimicrobial and wound healing properties of Q. infectoria extract using relevant in vitro assay for application in topical wound management. Q. infectoria were extracted by using four solvents, namely 100% water, 99.8% and 70% methanol, 70% ethanol, 99.8% acetone and 99.8% ethanol. The extracts were then subjected to high performance liquid chromatography (HPLC) to identify the presence of gallic acid and tannic acid, while the total phenolics content were measured using Folin-Ciocalteu method. The extracts were tested using appropriate in vitro models, which were antioxidant (DPPH assay), antimicrobial (disc diffusion assay), suitable dose study (MTT assay), and fibroblast migration to the wounded area (scratch assay). Antimicrobial activity was tested against common bacteria found in wounds, which were Escherichia coli, Pseudomonas aeruginosa, Bacillus subtilis and Staphylococcus aureus. In HPLC analysis, gallic acid and tannic acid were found in all extracts in the range concentration of 34.04 until 2975.11 mg/g which might be the responsible compounds for wound healing activity. Water extract showed the highest antioxidant activity of approximately 94.55% ± 0.59, while acetone extract showed the largest inhibition zone for disc diffusion assay (19.00 ± 0.14 mm). All extracts were found to stimulate the growth of the fibroblast at 1 μg/ml-0.001 μg/ml, induced the migration rate up to 77% ± 3.05, and statistically significant when compared with control (p<0.05). These findings supported the traditional claim of Q. infectoria for its potential in wound healing activity and it can be a good herbal to incorporate in the topical wound healing product

Phytochemical analysis and in-vitro antiurolithiatic properties of selected Malaysian herbs

The aim of this study was to investigate the phytochemical content of selected Malaysian herbs and their potential antiurolithiatic effects using in-vitro method. The herbs involved are Ceiba pentandra, Cymbopogon citratus, Euphorbia hirta, Melastoma malabathricum and Ortosiphon stamineus. Aqueous extracts of each herbs were prepared through decoction while Standard drugs Cystone, was used as positive control in comparison. Qualitative analysis was carried out to detect phytochemical presence and nucleation assay to investigate their inhibition effects towards calcium oxalate crystallization urolithiasis in vitro. Based on results, the same trends were observed between phytochemical content and inhibition rate of calcium oxalate crystallization. O. stamineus extract (73.48%) which showed the highest inhibition rate hold the most phytochemical content. while the lowest inhibition rate was occupied by C. citratus extract (45.45%) with the least phytochemical content. The high amount of phytochemicals particularly saponin followed by steroid and terpenoid in O. stamineus extract might contributes to the high inhibition activities of calcium oxalate crystallization as compared to low amount of phytochemicals observed in C. citratus extract. It can be concluded that O. stamineus possesses highest inhibition percentage against calcium oxalate which could be attributed to its saponins, tannins, steroid and terpenoid content

Effect of nitrogen fertilization and harvesting period on phytochemical content and antioxidant activity of cymbopogon citratus

Cymbopogon citratus is grown due to its economic benefits with high antioxidant activities. However, the biosynthesis of secondary metabolites and antioxidant activities of plants are often dependent on several factors such as the presence of nutrients and harvesting period. In this study, the effects of different nitrogen concentrations (0, 100, 200 kg/ha) and harvesting periods of 150, 180, 210, 240 and 270 days after transplant (DAT) on the yield, phytochemical content and antioxidant activities of C. citratus essential oil and ethanolic extract were evaluated. The experimental design used was a randomized complete block design (RCBD). The essential oil was extracted by hydrodistillation whereby ethanolic extract was obtained using the maceration technique. The evaluated phytochemical content comprises the total terpenoid content (TTC), total phenolic content (TPC) and total flavonoid content (TFC), while the antioxidant activities were assessed using 2,2-diphenyl-1-picrylhydrazyl (DPPH) and ferric reducing antioxidant power (FRAP) assays. Correlations between the factors and responses were examined using Pearson’s correlation and it was found that the highest yield of essential oil and citral content was from 150 DAT (200 kg/ha N), while highest ethanolic extract yield was obtained at 150 DAT (0 kg/ha N). Major compounds detected in essential oil were myrcene, neral, geranial, geranyl acetate, 5-epi-7-epi-α-eudesmol, selina-6-en-4-ol, hinesol, α-cadinol, juniper champor and farnesal (2E, 6E). Both extracts exhibited the highest DPPH scavenging and FRAP activities at 150 DAT and 210 DAT, respectively. As for ethanolic extract, TPC and TFC were the highest at 150 DAT, while TTC was the highest at two harvesting periods of 150 DAT and 180 DAT. Almost all dependent variables showed a strong correlation with harvesting period. Overall, 150 DAT was proven to be better in maintaining high yield, phytochemical content and DPPH activity while only FRAP of extracts showed the highest activity at 210 DAT. These findings showed that biological activity and phytochemical content in C. citratus vary in response to harvesting periods and nitrogen concentrations

Evaluation of Phyllanthus niruri L. from Malaysia for In-vitro Anti-Urolithiatic properties by different solvent extraction

The Phyllanthus niruri is traditionally used for curing of kidney disorders and urinary stones in Malaysia. Hence the current work was aimed to evaluate the effect of different solvents extract (n- hexane, ethyl acetate, methanol and water) of P. niruri for in vitro anti-urolithiatic properties in terms of inhibition activity on CaOx by using the rate of CaOx aggregation assay and dissolution of calcium oxalate (CaOx) crystal by using titrimetry method. Cystone was used as positive control. The effects of cystone on slope of nucleation and aggregation as well as growth of CaOx were evaluated spectrophotometrically. The highest yield percentage of P.niruri was occupied by methanol (5.74 %). The maximum inhibition against aggregation of CaOx crystals was also occupied by methanol (66.67 % ± 1.61) and was comprised with alkaloid, steroid, terpenoid and tannin. Dissolution effect on calcium oxalate crystals indicates that the aqueous extracts of P. niruri was found to be more effective in dissolution of CaOx with 63.33 % ± 1.44. P. niruri significantly (P < 0.05) inhibited the slope of nucleation and aggregation of CaOx crystallization, and reduced the crystal density. The results of the present study confirmed that P. niruri leaves can be used as remedial mediator for urolithiasis. However, further studies are required for isolation and identification of active constituents and their in-vivo confirmation

Screening the physicochemical properties of thermosonically treated pomelo juice

Pomelo (Citrus grandis L. Osbeck) tastes sweet, slightly acidic with a hint of bitterness. It has many beneficial health effects. The aim of this study was to evaluate the effect of thermosonication treatment on physicochemical properties of pomelo juice by subjecting the juice to different times and temperatures. Thermosonication is a treatment where ultrasound is conducted at moderate temperature ranging between 37 and 75°C. Pomelo juice was treated with thermosonication for 2, 46 and 90 minutes with initial temperature ranging from 20C, 35C and 50C. The treated juice were analysed for its physicochemical properties, such as colour values (L*, a* and b*), total soluble solids (TSS) content, pH, titratable acidity and electrical conductivity. Results showed that the lightness (L*), pH, titratable acidity and electrical conductivity of the pomelo juice does not changed during treatment. However, redness (a*) and yellowness (b*) and TSS showed highest reading at 50C at 90 minutes

Tradisi reuhab dalam adat kematian desa Alue Tho kecamatan Seunagan kabupaten Nagan Raya

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Antioxidant, anti microbial and wound healing properties of quercus infectoria gall extracts

Quercus infectoria is one of the greatest herbs and contains several bioactive compounds which are believed to possess wound healing property. However, the scientific data to support its wound healing action is very rare and to date, the extraction of local Q. infectoria using various solvents is not well-established. Hence, the objective of the present research is to evaluate the antioxidant, antimicrobial and wound healing properties of Q. infectoria extract using relevant in vitro assay for application in topical wound management. Q. infectoria were extracted by using four solvents, namely 100% water, 99.8% and 70% methanol, 70% ethanol, 99.8% acetone and 99.8% ethanol. The extracts were then subjected to high performance liquid chromatography (HPLC) to identify the presence of gallic acid and tannic acid, while the total phenolics content were measured using Folin-Ciocalteu method. The extracts were tested using appropriate in vitro models, which were antioxidant (DPPH assay), antimicrobial (disc diffusion assay), suitable dose study (MTT assay), and fibroblast migration to the wounded area (scratch assay). Antimicrobial activity was tested against common bacteria found in wounds, which were Escherichia coli, Pseudomonas aeruginosa, Bacillus subtilis and Staphylococcus aureus. In HPLC analysis, gallic acid and tannic acid were found in all extracts in the range concentration of 34.04 until 2975.11 mg/g which might be the responsible compounds for wound healing activity. Water extract showed the highest antioxidant activity of approximately 94.55% ± 0.59, while acetone extract showed the largest inhibition zone for disc diffusion assay (19.00 ± 0.14 mm). All extracts were found to stimulate the growth of the fibroblast at 1 µg/ml-0.001 µg/ml, induced the migration rate up to 77% ± 3.05, and statistically significant when compared with control (p<0.05). These findings supported the traditional claim of Q. infectoria for its potential in wound healing activity and it can be a good herbal to incorporate in the topical wound healing produc

Total phenolic content and antioxidant activity of Quercus infectoria galls using supercritical CO2 extraction technique and its comparison with Soxhlet extraction

Quercus infectoria gall, which is known as manjakani in Malaysia, was traditionally used in treating diseases. The bioactive compounds from the galls can be extracted using various extraction methods. In this study, supercritical carbon dioxide (SC-CO2) extraction was used to study the effects of CO2 flow rate on the yield, total phenolic content and antioxidant activity of Q. infectoria extract by fixing the pressure and temperature at the highest density (P: 30 MPa, T: 40°C). The results were compared with those acquired from the Soxhlet extraction method. The results showed that the Soxhlet extraction had a higher percentage of extraction yield than SC-CO2 extraction. The selectivity of Q. infectoria extracts using SC-CO2 extraction was better than the Soxhlet extraction method. Meanwhile, the extraction efficiency using the SC-CO2 extraction ranged from 46% to 53%. The SC-CO2 extraction also yielded higher total phenolic content than using the Soxhlet extraction method when 2 mL/min of CO2 flow rate was applied (203.53 mg GA/g sample). This study also revealed that the extracts from the SC-CO2 extraction showed a better radical scavenging activity compared to the Soxhlet extraction when analysed using DPPH (2,2-diphenyl-1-picryl hydrazyl) radical scavenging activity assays

SCIENCE &amp; TECHNOLOGY Total Phenolic Content and Antioxidant Activity of Quercus infectoria Galls Using Supercritical CO 2 Extraction Technique and Its Comparison with Soxhlet Extraction

using DPPH (2,2-diphenyl-1-picryl hydrazyl) radical scavenging activity assays. Keywords ABSTRACT Quercus infectoria gall, which is known as manjakani in Malaysia, was traditionally used in treating diseases. The bioactive compounds from the galls can be extracted using various extraction methods. In this study, supercritical carbon dioxide (SC-CO 2 ) extraction was used to study the effects of CO 2 flow rate on the yield, total phenolic content and antioxidant activity of Q. infectoria extract by fixing the pressure and temperature at the highest density (P: 30 MPa, T: 40°C). The results were compared with those acquired from the Soxhlet extraction method. The results showed that the Soxhlet extraction had a higher percentage of extraction yield than SC-CO 2 extraction. The selectivity of Q. infectoria extracts using SC-CO 2 extraction was better than the Soxhlet extraction method. Meanwhile, the extraction efficiency using the SC-CO 2 extraction ranged from 46% to 53%. The SC-CO 2 extraction also yielded higher total phenolic content than using the Soxhlet extraction method when 2 mL/min of CO 2 flow rate was applied (203.53 mg GA/g sample). This study also revealed that the extracts from the SC-CO 2 extraction showed a better radical scavenging activity compared to the Soxhlet extraction when analyse