A novel interaction between a 23-SNP genetic risk score and monounsaturated fatty acid intake on HbA1c levels in Southeast Asian women

Metabolic diseases result from interactions between genetic and lifestyle factors. Understanding the combined influences of single-nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) and lifestyle is crucial. This study employs genetic risk scores (GRS) to assess SNPs, providing insight beyond single gene/SNP studies by revealing synergistic effects. Here, we aim to investigate the association of a 23-SNP GRS with metabolic disease-related traits (obesity and type 2 diabetes) to understand if these associations are altered by lifestyle/dietary factors. For this study, 106 Minangkabau women were included and underwent physical, anthropometric, biochemical, dietary and genetic evaluations. The interaction of GRS with lifestyle factors was analyzed using linear regression models, adjusting for potential confounders. No statistically significant associations were observed between GRS and metabolic traits; however, this study demonstrates a novel interaction observed between 13-SNP GRS and monounsaturated fatty acid (MUFA) intake, and that it had an effect on HbA1c levels (p = 0.026). Minangkabau women with low MUFA intake (≤7.0 g/day) and >13 risk alleles had significantly higher HbA1c levels (p = 0.010). This finding has implications for public health, suggesting the need for large-scale studies to confirm our results before implementing dietary interventions in the Indonesian population. Identifying genetic influences on dietary response can inform personalized nutrition strategies to reduce the risk of metabolic disease

Pre-pregnancy body mass index and gestational weight gain and their effects on pregnancy and birth outcomes: a cohort study in West Sumatra, Indonesia

Background: Indonesia has a considerably high incidence of maternal and infant mortality. The country has however been experiencing a social and economic transition, influencing its general population demographics and nutritional status including the state of health and nutrition of pregnant women. This study aimed to explore body mass index (BMI) and gestational weight gain (GWG), and their relationship with pregnancy outcomes in a sample of Indonesian pregnant women. Methods: This observational cohort study included a total of 607 pregnant women who were recruited in 2010 from maternity clinics in Western Sumatra, Indonesia. Multiple logistic and regression analyses were undertaken to compare pregnancy and birth outcomes for different BMI and GWG, using normal weight women and women with a recommended weight gain as the referent groups. Results: The prevalence of underweight (BMI < 18.5 kg/m2) in pregnancy was high at 20.1%; while 21.7% of women were overweight (BMI: 23.0–27.4 kg/m2) and 5.3% obese (BMI ≥ 27.5 kg/m2) using the Asian BMI classifications. The incidence of overweight (BMI: 25.0–29.9 kg/m2) and obese (BMI ≥ 30.0 kg/m2) according to the international BMI classifications were 13.5% and 1.1% respectively. The majority of women gained inadequate weight in pregnancy compared to the Institute of Medicine (IOM)recommendations, especially those who had a normal BMI. Birthweight adjusted mean difference aMD (95% confidence interval) 205 (46,365) and the odds of macrosomia adjusted odds ratio aOR 13.46 (2.32–77.99) significantly increased in obese women compared to those with a normal BMI. Birthweight aMD -139 (−215, −64) significantly decreased in women with inadequate GWG compared to those with recommended GWG, while SGA aOR 5.44 (1.36, 21.77) and prematurity aOR 3.55 (1.23, 10.21) increased. Conclusions: Low nutritional status and inadequate GWG remain a cause for concern in these women. The higher odds of macrosomia with increasing maternal BMI and higher odds of prematurity and small for gestational age infants with inadequate weight gain also require attention. Research and practice recommendations: Urgent attention is required by researchers, policy makers and decision makers to facilitate development of culturally sensitive interventions to enhance nutritional status and health of mothers and babies, in an area known for its high incidence of maternal and neonatal mortality. Keywords: Maternal BMI, Gestational weight gain, Pregnancy outcomes, Birthweight, Indonesia, Cohort stud

Pengaruh Pemberian Vitamin C terhadap Kadar Leukotrien Urin pada Pasien Asma Anak

Latar belakang. Pada asma anak terdapat peningkatan kadar leukotrien darah dengan hasil metabolit akhir berupa leukotrien E4(LTE4). Vitamin C dapat menghambat lipoksigenase sehingga menurunkan kadar LTE4 urin sejalan dengan perbaikan klinis asma. Tujuan. Mengetahui pengaruh pemberian vitamin C terhadap perbaikan klinis asma anak, ditandai dengan penurunan kadar LTE4 urin dan peningkatan nilai C-ACT. Metode. Penelitian intervensi (pre and post group design) pemberian vitamin C 200 mg/hari setelah makan selama 6 minggu, dilakukan pada pasien asma anak dari bulan September sampai dengan Oktober 2013. Kadar LTE4 urin normal 10-60 pg/ml dan nilai C-ACT terkontrol 20. Perbedaan dua data numerik tidak berdistribusi normal diuji dengan uji Wilcoxon-Rank (p<0,05). Korelasi antara dua data numerik tidak berdistribusi normal diuji dengan korelasi Spearman Hasil. Pemberian vitamin C tidak menurunkan kadar LTE4 urin (60,5%), tetapi terdapat kecenderungan peningkatan nilai C-ACT (50%), p>0,05. Terdapat korelasi antara kadar LTE4 urin dan nilai C-ACT sebelum dan setelah pemberian vitamin C (r=-0,327 dan -0,359; p<0,05). Terdapat penurunan kejadian serangan asma setelah pemberian vitamin C, p<0,05. Kesimpulan. Pemberian vitamin C dapat memperbaiki klinis asma, meskipun kadar LTE4urin dan nilai C-ACT tidak mempunyai korelasi sebelum dan setelah pemberian vitamin C

Interaction between Vitamin D-related genetic risk score and carbohydrate intake on body fat composition: a study in Southeast Asian Minangkabau women

Metabolic diseases have been shown to be associated with low vitamin D status; however, the findings have been inconsistent. Hence, the objective of our study was to investigate the relationship between vitamin D status and metabolic disease-related traits in healthy Southeast Asian women and examine whether this relationship was modified by dietary factors using a nutrigenetic study. The study included 110 Minangkabau women (age: 25–60 years) from Padang, Indonesia. Genetic risk scores (GRS) were constructed based on five vitamin D-related single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) (vitamin D-GRS) and ten metabolic disease-associated SNPs (metabolic-GRS). The metabolic-GRS was significantly associated with lower 25-hydroxyvitamin D (25(OH)D) concentrations (p = 0.009) and higher body mass index (BMI) (p = 0.016). Even though the vitamin D-GRS had no effect on metabolic traits (p > 0.12), an interaction was observed between the vitamin D-GRS and carbohydrate intake (g) on body fat percentage (BFP) (pinteraction = 0.049), where those individuals who consumed a high carbohydrate diet (mean ± SD: 319 g/d ± 46) and carried >2 vitamin D-lowering risk alleles had significantly higher BFP (p = 0.016). In summary, we have replicated the association of metabolic-GRS with higher BMI and lower 25(OH)D concentrations and identified a novel interaction between vitamin D-GRS and carbohydrate intake on body fat composition