Security Warning Life Cycle: Challenges and Panacea

Security warning is a very important aspect in computer security. Security warning is a form of message conveyed to inform user on the risk of allowing an application to run on the computer system. Security warning plays an important role in notify, warn and advise user about the potential result of an action beforehand. However, security warnings are often being ignored due to various reasons such as poor design of security warnings and too many technical terms used in security warnings. This research highlights insights into the discovery of problems and difficulties encountered by the users, approaches in improving security warnings and future direction of the security warning improvement process. We proposed to utilise the hybrid approach of iterative design and mental model in the effort to enhance the current implementation of security warning. Iterative design is a cyclic design process where prototyping, testing and refining are done repeatedly. A mental model is a person’s psychological representation of how they perceive and understand something. It is expected that this paper would benefit the researchers to comprehend approches and challenges to improve security warnings

Whole effluent toxicity (WET) testing of tin mining effluent and receiving water on zebrafish, Danio rerio (Hamilton, 1822)

Mining is one of the anthropogenic activities that can negatively affect the environment especially the waterways. Discharges from mining activities are usually in acidic state and containing elevated concentrations of metals. The exposure to these contaminants may cause several harmful effects not only to aquatic organisms but also to human health. The Whole Effluent Toxicity (WET) test was applied to evaluate the toxic effects of tin mining effluents to aquatic organisms. An acute toxicity test with zebrafish (Danio rerio) was conducted where fish was exposed to 3.13%, 6.25%, 12.5%, 25% and 50% effluent for 96 hours under static renewal test system. Effects of effluent exposure were determined using endpoints with mortality of median lethal concentration (LC50) value. Results indicated that the LC50 value of zebrafish when exposed, was 14.21% effluent. The physicochemical properties of the effluent were also evaluated in order to assess the cause-effect relationships of the effluent. The low pH values of the mine effluent might be the main reason contributing to the fish mortality. This approach provides additional information of tin mining effect on freshwater fishes as well as to human health

Electrolysis of aqueous copper (ii) sulphate and sodium hydroxide & electrochemistry: electroplating handbook

This handbook is prepared in order to integrate the microscale approach into the chemistry curriculum of Malaysian secondary schools taking into consideration the limited funding in terms of chemicals, glassware and laboratory facilitie

Determination of empirical formula of copper (ii) oxide and constructing balanced chemical equations handbook

This handbook is prepared in order to integrate the microscale approach into the chemistry curriculum of Malaysian secondary schools taking into consideration the limited funding in terms of chemicals, glassware and laboratory facilitie

Acid-based titration and cation test handbook

This handbook is prepared in order to integrate the microscale approach into the chemistry curriculum of Malaysian secondary schools taking into consideration the limited funding in terms of chemicals, glassware and laboratory facilities

Manganese modified structural and optical properties of zinc soda lime silica glasses

A series of MnO-doped zinc soda lime silica glass systems was prepared by a conventional melt and quenching technique. In this study, the x-ray diffraction analysis was applied to confirm the amorphous nature of the glasses. Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy shows the glass network consists of MnO4, SiO4, and ZnO4 units as basic structural units. The glass samples under field emission scanning electron microscopy observation demonstrated irregularity in shape and size with glassy phase-like structure. The optical absorption studies revealed that the optical bandgap

Enhanced luminescence properties of low-cost Mn2+ doped willemite based glass–ceramics as potential green phosphor materials

Low-cost Mn2+-doped willemite (α-Zn2SiO4:Mn2+) based glass–ceramics were synthesized by conventional melt–quenching technique using waste soda lime silica (SLS) glasses, zinc oxide (ZnO) and Manganese oxide (MnO) as precursors. The effect of different MnO percentage doping on physical, structural, optical and luminescent performance α-Zn2SiO4:Mn2+ based glass–ceramics were comprehensively studies in this work. The presence of α-Zn2SiO4:Mn2+ crystal phase and microstructure was confirmed by X-ray diffraction and field emission scanning electron microscopy spectroscopy. From the Scherrer’s formula, α-Zn2SiO4:Mn2+ have an average crystallite size of 30–40 nm, respectively. Fourier transform infrared reflection spectroscopy displays the structural growth of α-Zn2SiO4:Mn2+ crystal. The green emission centered at about 527 nm from the α-Zn2SiO4:Mn2+ crystal exhibit a resulted from 4T1–6A1 energy transition of Mn2+ ions. Intense emissions of Mn2+ ions at 260 nm excitation were occurs may be caused by the increase of Mn2+ ions into α-Zn2SiO4 crystal structure with lower phonon. Based on the results achieved, this low-cost α-Zn2SiO4:Mn2+ based glass–ceramic exhibit a huge potential to act as a green phosphor in opto-electronic devices

Fabrication and Crystallization of ZnO-SLS Glass Derived Willemite Glass-Ceramics as a Potential Material for Optics Applications

Willemite glass-ceramics were successfully derived from conventional melt-quench ZnO-SLS precursor glass by an isothermal heat treatment process. The effect of heat treatment temperatures on the physical properties was investigated by Archimedes principle and linear shrinkage. The generation of willemite crystal phase and morphology with increase in heat treatment temperature was examined by X-ray diffraction (XRD), Fourier transform infrared (FTIR), and field emission scanning electron microscopy (FESEM) techniques. X-ray diffraction revealed that the metastable -Zn 2 SiO 4 and thermodynamically stable zinc orthosilicateZn 2 SiO 4 phases can be observed at temperatures above 700 ∘ C. The experimental results indicated that the density and shrinkage of the glass-ceramic vary with increasing the sintering temperature. FTIR studies showed that the structure of glass-ceramic consists of SiO 2 and ZnO 4 units and exhibits the structural evolution of willemite glass-ceramics. The characteristic of strong vibrational bands can be related to the [SiO 4 ] 4− tetrahedron corresponding to reference spectra of willemite

Structural and optical properties of Eu3+ activated low cost zinc soda lime silica glasses

A low cost method was employed to synthesize ZnO-SLS:xEu3+ phosphors using recyclable bottle glass as silica source. The structural and optical properties of ZnO-SLS:xEu3+ (x = 0, 1, 2, 3, 4 and 5 wt.%) glasses were determined using X-ray diffraction (XRD), Fourier transform infrared reflectance (FTIR), UV-visible (Uv-Vis) and photoluminescence (PL) spectroscopy. Structural investigation using XRD measurement had broadened the halo peak with the doping of dopants. FTIR spectra showed the glass system consists of –OH and SiO4 bands. Meanwhile, the optical measurement using UV-Vis absorption has been induced a blue shift of the electronic absorption edge. The emission peak intensity of ZnO-SLS:xEu3+ phosphors was enhanced with the progression of doping concentration and thus, revealed their potential as red emitting phosphors under 400 nm excitation

Development and characterization studies of Eu3+-doped Zn2SiO4 phosphors with waste silicate sources

Structures, morphologies, and properties of europium doped zinc silicate were characterized using X-ray diffractometer, Field emission scanning electron microscope, Fourier transform infrared spectrometer, and UV-vis spectrophotometer. The density of doped zinc silicate shows the trend of increment when the sintering temperature increases. The XRD pattern shows that the material was highly crystalline, having sharp peaks, while the FESEM image reveals the presence of densely packed grains as sintering temperature increased 600 ̊C up to 1000 ̊C. The increase of transmission band intensities at 3443, 1630, 980, 650, 530 cm-1 confirmed the crystallization of Zn2SiO4 crystal in the glass matrix with increasing sintering temperature. Lastly, the increment of energy band gap after sintering temperature at 900 ̊C was related to the stabilization of α-Zn2SiO4 phase in material