An Empirical Study of Consumers Cognizance towards Foreign Direct Investment in Indian Retail Sector

Indian retail sector is in the nascent stage, even though India has become an attractive place or target for foreign players due to one of the largest consumer markets in the world. At present, around 92 percent retail sector comes under the unorganized retail and 8 percent of retail belongs to the organized retail. Because of modern style of consumer’s buying behavior, organized retail has become more famous in big cities. Earlier, entry of foreign retailers was restricted in India but now Government has opened its doors wide for single brand retail and only 51 percent FDI is allowed in multi brand retail. The present paper is an attempt to analyze the perceptions of consumers about foreign direct investment (FDI) in retail through questionnaire and interpreted by SPSS software. This research study presents an overview of Indian retail segment, current policy of Foreign Direct Investment in retail and the correlation between the foreign direct investment in retail and consumer purchasing behavior. It also includes the views of consumers for the perception of buying capacity, shopping style, quality of product, brand consciousness and monopoly situation of market

A Novel Coronavirus (nCOV- 2019): A Pandemic Severe Respiratory Tract Infections by SARS COV-2 in Human

Novel Coronavirus Disease 2019 (nCOV 2019) or Coronavirus is one which is associate communicable disease amongst variety of viruses that causes cold, fever, difficulty in breathing and ultimately death. The viruses cause metabolism infections, together with the mundane cold, that square measure usually delicate, although a lot of occasional forms like respiratory illness caused by SARS-CoV-2, the illness is that the reason for the 2019–20 coronavirus irruption. It’s primarily unfolded between individuals by diminutive droplets from infected people once they breathe or cough. Individuals could have few symptoms or develop febrility, cough, and shortness of breath. Whereas Feb 2020, different countries together with European country Asian Countries enclosed within the list. Antiviral drugs being tested embrace antimalarial drug, the ribonucleic acid enzyme substance remdesivir, and triazavirin, Umifenovir (Arbidol) and darunavir were planned. Remdesivir and antimalarial drug effectively inhibit the coronavirus in vitro. Favilavir approved as experimental corona virus drug. The objective of this review article to provide basic knowledge & preliminary opinion and to provide an advice which can be proved as the best mantra for defeating nCOV. Thus this review aims to throw light to the new and exciting areas of Virology,  Replication  cycle of corona virus ,  sign & symptoms and diagnosis, Spreading of corona virus, Structural biology of corona virus, the ways of treatment with  alternative medicines  other than antiviral drugs,  and prevention in its early stage of COVID-19 , and also Current Research on Corona. Keywords: Coronavirus, 2019-nCOV2, 2019–20 coronavirus irruption, SARS, WHO, Public Health Emergency of International Concern (PHEIC), replication of corona virus

Implementation of drone based delivery of medical supplies in North-East India: experiences, challenges and adopted strategies

Timely delivery of medical supplies is essential in the healthcare sector, which is hampered by factors such as poor transportation network, traffic and adverse environmental conditions. Alternatively, drone operations can leapfrog the last mile logistic solutions in hard-to-reach terrains. The present paper elucidates the implementation process of drone-based delivery of medical supplies, operational challenges and innovations adopted by scientists in Manipur and Nagaland. Three districts, Bishnupur, Imphal West and Churachandpur from Manipur and two districts, Mokokchung and Tuensang from Nagaland, were selected for the study. Regulatory and ethical approvals and coordination with state health and administrative authorities were accorded. Implementation and operational challenges faced by the research team were recorded elaborately in the field diaries and assessed qualitatively. The experiences encountered by the team for case-to-case based permission and coordination with the central and state aviation authorities, district administration and health authorities were observed. The drone-related technical and logistic challenges were identified as the deployment of suitable drones, payload capacity, time management for operations, and transportation of drones. The officials adopted mitigation strategies to overcome field-based challenges. Drone-based deliveries of medical supplies are proving to be time efficient, however, overcoming operational challenges could provide an effective long-term deployment strategy

Assessment of COVID-19 impact on commercial sex workers in India: A formative research by media scanning

Background: The COVID-19 pandemic restricted movement, closed businesses, and economic activities which disproportionately affected people globally. This pandemic has resurfaced the existing cracks in the societal set-up and has pushed the vulnerable and marginalized communities like migrant workers, people with disabilities, geriatric population, and commercial sex workers (CSWs) to an edge for their existence. Materials and Methods: Due to the paucity of peer-reviewed research publications on CSWs, formative research was conducted to identify the determinants and attributes of the challenges faced by CSWs during COVID-19 situation in India. Media scanning approach was used to collate literature from newspaper and magazine reporting, and peer-reviewed articles were referred from research-based search engines. Results: In total, 31 articles were included for content analysis and four domains of issues i.e., economic, social, psychological and health related challenged faced by them were identified which are supported with the verbatims of the community members as reported in the data sources considered for this study. It was identified that the CSWs adopted several protective measures and coping strategies to deal with the pandemic situation. Conclusion: This research highlighted that there is a need for further exploration of issues among CSWs by conducting studies among the communities. Furthermore, this paper provides a scope for future implementation research by identifying the key priorities and determinants of the challenges among the personal livelihood of CSWs in the country

Finding Protocol Manipulation Attacks

We develop a method to help discover manipulation attacks in protocol implementations. In these attacks, adversaries induce honest nodes to exhibit undesirable behaviors by misrepresenting their intent or network conditions. Our method is based on a novel combination of static analysis with symbolic execution and dynamic analysis with concrete execution. The former finds code paths that are likely vulnerable, and the latter emulates adversarial actions that lead to effective attacks. Our method is precise (i.e., no false positives) and we show that it scales to complex protocol implementations. We apply it to four diverse protocols, including TCP, the 802.11 MAC, ECN, and SCTP, and show that it is able to find all manipulation attacks that have been previously reported for these protocols. We also find a previously unreported attack for SCTP. This attack is a variant of a TCP attack but must be mounted differently in SCTP because of subtle semantic differences between the two protocols. Categories and Subject Descriptors C.2.2 [Computer communication networks]: Network protocols–protocol verificatio

A Qualitative Assessment among Personnel Working in Community-Led Development Program Settings Regarding Sexualized Substance Use

Sexualized substance use (SSU) is the practice of psychotropic substance use before or during sex to increase sexual pleasure. The growing use of SSU has a strong association with sexually transmitted infections (STIs). Community health mobilizers (CHMs) are agents who assist in decreasing the global burden of disease in the communities they serve. They work as unit managers, counselors, or field workers. The managers and counselors have a minimum of a bachelor’s degree, and field workers have a minimum of a higher secondary education. This study aimed to qualitatively assess the knowledge gaps regarding SSU among CHMs. In-depth interviews (IDIs) were conducted in New Delhi, India with nineteen CHMs. Majority of the CHMs were men (n = 9, 47%) followed by transgender (TG) persons (TG females n = 5, 26.3%; TG males n = 1, 5.2%), and women (n = 4, 21.1%). Knowledge gaps were identified among the CHMs regarding different types of sexualized substances, drug procurement, human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) infection prevention, and complex health issues associated with SSU. It suggested the need for periodic workshops and training for upgradation of existing knowledge and practices among the CHMs. This formative research may help social scientists to develop protocols for conducting multi-centric, community-based studies across the country for further validation and exploration

Electrophysiological effects of right and left vagal nerve stimulation on the ventricular myocardium.

Vagal nerve stimulation (VNS) has been proposed as a cardioprotective intervention. However, regional ventricular electrophysiological effects of VNS are not well characterized. The purpose of this study was to evaluate effects of right and left VNS on electrophysiological properties of the ventricles and hemodynamic parameters. In Yorkshire pigs, a 56-electrode sock was used for epicardial (n = 12) activation recovery interval (ARI) recordings and a 64-electrode catheter for endocardial (n = 9) ARI recordings at baseline and during VNS. Hemodynamic recordings were obtained using a conductance catheter. Right and left VNS decreased heart rate (84 ± 5 to 71 ± 5 beats/min and 84 ± 4 to 73 ± 5 beats/min), left ventricular pressure (89 ± 9 to 77 ± 9 mmHg and 91 ± 9 to 83 ± 9 mmHg), and dP/dtmax (1,660 ± 154 to 1,490 ± 160 mmHg/s and 1,595 ± 155 to 1,416 ± 134 mmHg/s) and prolonged ARI (327 ± 18 to 350 ± 23 ms and 327 ± 16 to 347 ± 21 ms, P < 0.05 vs. baseline for all parameters and P = not significant for right VNS vs. left VNS). No anterior-posterior-lateral regional differences in the prolongation of ARI during right or left VNS were found. However, endocardial ARI prolonged more than epicardial ARI, and apical ARI prolonged more than basal ARI during both right and left VNS. Changes in dP/dtmax showed the strongest correlation with ventricular ARI effects (R(2) = 0.81, P < 0.0001) than either heart rate (R(2) = 0.58, P < 0.01) or left ventricular pressure (R(2) = 0.52, P < 0.05). Therefore, right and left VNS have similar effects on ventricular ARI, in contrast to sympathetic stimulation, which shows regional differences. The decrease in inotropy correlates best with ventricular electrophysiological effects

Electrophysiological effects of right and left vagal nerve stimulation on the ventricular myocardium.

Vagal nerve stimulation (VNS) has been proposed as a cardioprotective intervention. However, regional ventricular electrophysiological effects of VNS are not well characterized. The purpose of this study was to evaluate effects of right and left VNS on electrophysiological properties of the ventricles and hemodynamic parameters. In Yorkshire pigs, a 56-electrode sock was used for epicardial (n = 12) activation recovery interval (ARI) recordings and a 64-electrode catheter for endocardial (n = 9) ARI recordings at baseline and during VNS. Hemodynamic recordings were obtained using a conductance catheter. Right and left VNS decreased heart rate (84 ± 5 to 71 ± 5 beats/min and 84 ± 4 to 73 ± 5 beats/min), left ventricular pressure (89 ± 9 to 77 ± 9 mmHg and 91 ± 9 to 83 ± 9 mmHg), and dP/dtmax (1,660 ± 154 to 1,490 ± 160 mmHg/s and 1,595 ± 155 to 1,416 ± 134 mmHg/s) and prolonged ARI (327 ± 18 to 350 ± 23 ms and 327 ± 16 to 347 ± 21 ms, P < 0.05 vs. baseline for all parameters and P = not significant for right VNS vs. left VNS). No anterior-posterior-lateral regional differences in the prolongation of ARI during right or left VNS were found. However, endocardial ARI prolonged more than epicardial ARI, and apical ARI prolonged more than basal ARI during both right and left VNS. Changes in dP/dtmax showed the strongest correlation with ventricular ARI effects (R(2) = 0.81, P < 0.0001) than either heart rate (R(2) = 0.58, P < 0.01) or left ventricular pressure (R(2) = 0.52, P < 0.05). Therefore, right and left VNS have similar effects on ventricular ARI, in contrast to sympathetic stimulation, which shows regional differences. The decrease in inotropy correlates best with ventricular electrophysiological effects