Study of the Catalytic Oxidation Mechanism and Apparent Kinetics of NO Oxidized by H₂O₂ with Fe/β, Fe/SSZ-13, and Fe/ZSM‑5

Three iron-modified zeolites were prepared by impregnation, and their catalytic performance was evaluated for the catalytic oxidation of NO with H2O2. The structural characteristics of the catalysts, surface acidity distribution, type and relative content of iron species, and the generation of active sites during the reaction were analyzed in depth using various characterization techniques. The results showed that Fe/β and Fe/ZSM-5 exhibit better catalytic performance than Fe/SSZ-13 due to the most abundant Fe species sites and Brønsted acid sites. The possible mechanism of catalytic oxidation can be described as follows: •OH is generated by the interaction of Fe3+ with the carrier and strongly electrophilic NO+ is formed by adsorption and activation of NO by the Brønsted acid site, which together provides the catalytic function. Finally, the apparent kinetics of NO oxidation by Fe/zeolite catalysts catalyzed by H2O2 was established, and the effects of NO/SO2/H2O2 concentration and catalyst dosage on the NO oxidation rate were investigated

Comparison of nine cytokine concentrations between the intra-FCVB fluid (n = 8) and the control groups measured by Multiplex Immunoassay.

<p>Compare to the idiopathic macular hole control group, the concentrations of IL-1β, IL-2, IL-6, TNF-α, IFN-γ and VEGF were slightly higher in the intra-FCVB fluid. (IL-2 was below the range of detection sensitivity for samples from idiopathic macular hole patients). The concentrations of IL-8, IL-10 and IL-17 were not statistically significant different compared with the idiopathic macular hole patients. Compared to the rhegmatogenous retinal detachment control group, most cytokines concentrations in the intra-FCVB fluid were not statistically significant different, except IL-1β.</p

Comprehensive Analysis of Inflammatory Immune Mediators of the Intraocular Fluid Aspirated from the Foldable Capsular Vitreous Body Filled-Eyes

<div><h3>Purpose</h3><p>To analyze the level of human inflammatory immune mediators in the intraocular fluid aspirated from foldable capsular vitreous body (FCVB) filled-eyes during FCVB removal surgery, 3 months after implantation.</p> <h3>Methods</h3><p>8 samples of intra-FCVB fluids (n = 8) were collected from 8 FCVB filled patients in our previous FCVB exploratory clinical trial. The intra-FCVB fluids were aspirated from the FCVB filled-eyes during the FCVB removal surgeries at the third month. For the control groups, the vitreous fluids were collected from patients with idiopathic macular hole (n = 9) or rhegmatogenous retinal detachment (n = 6) during pars plana vitrectomy. A multiplex immunoassay was used to determine levels of 9 cytokines (IL-1β, IL-2, IL-6, IL-8, IL-10, IL-17, TNF-α, IFN-γ and VEGF) in these samples. The VEGF level of some intra-FCVB fluids (n = 6) were re-tested using enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA).</p> <h3>Results</h3><p>In the intra-FCVB fluids, 9 cytokines concentrations of most samples (n = 5) measured by Multiplex immunoassay showed low values, except for Patient 02, 06, and 09. The VEGF concentrations of some intra-FCVB fluids (n = 6) tested by ELISA were in accordance with Multiplex immunoassay results. For all eight patients (n = 8), the concentrations of IL-1β, IL-2, IL-6, TNF-α, IFN-γ and VEGF were slightly higher as compared to the idiopathic macular hole control group. While, the concentrations of IL-8, IL-10, and IL-17 were not statistically significant different compared with the idiopathic macular hole control samples. Most cytokines concentrations (IL-2, IL-6, IL-8, IL-10, IL-17, TNF-α, IFN-γ, VEGF) were not statistically significant different compared to the rhegmatogenous retinal detachment control group except IL-1β.</p> <h3>Conclusions</h3><p>The FCVB had sufficient porosity to allow cytokines to pass through. This study first discovered that the FCVB possesses favorable permeability of proteins in the human eye.</p> </div

The implantation and removal surgery of FCVB on the same eye of Patient 04.

<p><b>A. FCVB implantation surgery:</b> The FCVB was triple-folded and implanted into the vitreous cavity. Approximately 4.0 ml of BSS was injected into the capsule to support the retina. The valve and tube were subsequently fixed on the scleral surface. <b>B. FCVB removal surgery:</b> The fluid inside the FCVB was aspirated by a 2 ml-syringe, prior to intraocular infusion of BSS. The capsule was cut as needed to allow FCVB removal.</p

9 cytokines concentrations measured by Multiplex Assay in intra-FCVB fluid (pg/ml).

<p>9 cytokines concentrations measured by Multiplex Assay in intra-FCVB fluid (pg/ml).</p

9 cytokines concentrations measured by Multiplex Assay in control groups (pg/ml).

<p>M1∼M9 were 9 idiopathic macular hole patients.</p><p>D1∼D6 were 6 rhegmatogenous retinal detachment patients.</p><p></p

Demographic and ocular Characteristics of patients with FCVB implantation.

<p>Demographic and ocular Characteristics of patients with FCVB implantation.</p

Anterior segment status of FCVB-filled eyes at baseline and at FCVB implantation.

<p>Patient 02 and 06 both suffered from severe ocular injury. Patient 02 had a marked hyphema and exudation in the anterior chamber in the first week after FCVB implantation. At the 11th day, a few point-like opacities (white arrow) were found in the intra-FCVB fluid and these opacities persisted until the 3th month. Patient 06 also had a few point-like opacities in the intra-FCVB fluid in the 7th day, and these opacities was persisted until the 3th month. However, no anterior segment inflammation (conjunctival chemosis, corneal edema, keratic precipitates, aqueous flare or aqueous cell) was found in these two patients after three months.</p

H₂V₃O₈ Nanowires as High-Capacity Cathode Materials for Magnesium-Based Battery

Magnesium-based batteries have received much attention as promising candidates to next-generation batteries because of high volumetric capacity, low price, and dendrite-free property of Mg metal. Herein, we reported H₂V₃O₈ nanowire cathode with excellent electrochemical property in magnesium-based batteries. First, it shows a satisfactory magnesium storage ability with 304.2 mA h g^–1 capacity at 50 mA g^–1. Second, it possesses a high-voltage platform of ∼2.0 V vs Mg/Mg²⁺. Furthermore, when evaluated as a cathode material for magnesium-based hybrid Mg²⁺/Li⁺ battery, it exhibits a high specific capacity of 305.4 mA h g^–1 at 25 mA g^–1 and can be performed in a wide working temperature range (−20 to 55 °C). Notably, the insertion-type ion storage mechanism of H₂V₃O₈ nanowires in hybrid Mg²⁺/Li⁺ batteries are investigated by ex situ X-ray diffraction and Fourier transform infrared. This research demonstrates that the H₂V₃O₈ nanowire cathode is a potential candidate for high-performance magnesium-based batteries

Demographic and ocular Characteristics of patients in control groups.

<p>M1∼M9 were 9 idiopathic macular hole patients.</p><p>D1∼D6 were 6 rhegmatogenous retinal detachment patients.</p