Potenciação do e-learning no Ensino Básico e Secundário : o impacto da COVID-19

Tese de doutoramento em Gestão, Universidade Lusíada de Lisboa, 2021Exame público realizado em 24 de Janeiro de 2022Esta investigação foca-se na potenciação do e-learning e na sua evolução específica aplicada ao Ensino Básico e Secundário, tendo em consideração novas abordagens tecnológicas conforme vem sendo evidenciado pelas editoras escolares, e ao abrigo da Lei Portuguesa n.º 72/2017, que promove o desenvolvimento e generalização da desmaterialização dos diversos recursos educativos. Nesta abordagem de estudo de caso, a utilização heterogénea contraria os ambientes one size fits all e pode gerar a necessidade de diferentes estratégias de acordo com os perfis de utilizador, ou grupo de utilizadores. É assim necessário estudar o e‐learning através de uma abordagem sistémica, para identificar os principais obstáculos à potenciação e disseminação dos instrumentos tecnológicos, investigar as estratégias específicas para as ações de formação e do marketing empresarial, para promover a resolução de problemas na geração de valor (nível de adesão). A tecnologia pode não ser um fator impeditivo, mas a aplicabilidade da taxonomia das necessidades dos utilizadores, e as ações promocionais, podem não estar devidamente ajustados. A metodologia desta investigação explorou as necessidades e motivações com base no quadro conceptual que se apresenta na secção 3.2., que inclui o desenvolvimento dos processos de oferta do e-learning, de formação da demanda, e da interação entre a oferta e demanda, a qual pode ser potenciada por políticas públicas adequadas. Para esse efeito, foram entrevistados fornecedores, e professores com diversos níveis de responsabilidade nas escolas e agrupamentos de escolas, assim como analisadas notícias e documentos estatísticos de domínio público. Desta forma, as interpretações e classificações qualitativas, foram, sempre que possível, combinadas com confirmações de ordem quantitativa. Os resultados confirmaram que as crenças sobre o estudo de caso do e-learning são em geral influenciadas pela maioria dos processos de implementação anteriores, ainda geralmente considerados como um fracasso não ultrapassado. Contudo as evidencias são alteradas pelos novos dados revelados sobre o impacto que a COVID-19 está a ter em todo o processo de organização educativa, especificamente na disseminação e inovação tecnológica. A necessidade de formação específica para a utilização das diversas ferramentas de e-learning foi um obstáculo para os processos educativos mais eficientes e equitativos. Surgiram ofertas espontâneas e de emergência sobretudo promovidas pelas editoras escolares. Nesse sentido, evidencia-se a oportunidade para novas orientações e estratégias de potenciação de e-learning, que neste contexto e fase de implementação se focam no marketing empresarial e oportunidades de progressão na carreira dos professores.This research focuses on the “mise en valeur” of e-learning and its specific evolution applied to Basic and Secondary Education, taking into account new technological approaches, as it has been evidenced by school publishers, and under Portuguese Law No. 72/2017, which promotes the development and generalization of the dematerialization of various educational resources. In this case study approach, heterogeneous usage contradicts "one size fits all" environments and can generate the need for different strategies according to user profiles, or user group. It is therefore necessary to study e‐learning through a systemic approach, to identify the main obstacles to the potentiation and dissemination of technological instruments, investigate specific strategies for training and business marketing actions, to promote problem solving in value generation (level of adoption). Technology may not be an impediment, but the applicability of taxonomy to users' needs, and promotional actions, may not be properly adjusted. The methodology of this research explored the needs and motivations based on the conceptual framework presented in section 3.2., which includes the development of e-learning supply processes, demand formation, and the interaction between supply and demand, which can be enhanced with appropriate public policies. To this end, suppliers, and teachers with different levels of responsibility in schools and group of schools were interviewed, as well as analyzing news and statistical documents from the public domain. Thus, qualitative interpretations and classifications were, whenever possible, combined with quantitative confirmations. The results confirmed that beliefs about e-learning are generally influenced by most previous implementation processes still generally considered as an unsurpassed failure. However, the evidence is altered by the new data revealed on the impact that COVID-19 is having on the entire educational organization process, specifically on the technological dissemination and innovation. The need for specific training on the use of the various e-learning tools was an obstacle to the most efficient and equitable educational processes. Spontaneous and emergency offers emerged mainly promoted by school publishers. In this sense, the opportunity for new orientations and e-learning “mise en valeur” strategies are evidenced, which in this context and implementation phase focus on business marketing and on opportunities for teachers’ career progression

The human centred approach to bionanotechnology - ethical considerations

The primary challenge to promulgating a more human-centred approach to managing and accounting for innovation is: can we encourage innovation that adds net social value? At the same time, can we deter - or at least not encourage - innovation that serves malicious ends, or that poses grave threats to humanity? Therefore, the aim of this paper is to obtain answers concerning bionanotechnology as a research field, but which are their applications? What sort of ethical and moral dilemmas encompasses? And, does the level of such dilemmas is a sum of biotechnology and nanotechnology, or imposes new challenges

The human centred approach to bionanotechnology in telemedicine: ethical considerations

The information and communication technologies (ICTs) field is expanding rapidly and affecting several domains of mankind, as for example healthcare. Therefore, ICTs can act as an enabler or a provider these fields through telemedicine. Consequently, promoting an human centred and ethical approach is the primary challenge concerning ICT healthcare innovation. Simultaneously, can we deter- or at least discourage- innovation that serves malicious ends, or that causes serious threats to humanity? So, the purpose of this contribution is to discuss the relationship between ICT evolution and healthcare, particularly concerning a specific correlated research fields: bionanotechnology and telemedicine. For that, we will focus in its applications, and sort of ethical and moral dilemmas encompasses

Controlling Informational Society: A Google Error Analysis!

“Informational Society” is unceasingly discussed by all societies’ quadrants. Nevertheless, in spite of illustrating the most recent progress of western societies the complexity to characterize it is well-known. In this societal evolution the “leading role” goes to information, as a polymorphic phenomenon and a polysemantic concept. Given such claim and the need for a multidimensional approach, the overall amount of information available online has reached an unparalleled level, and consequently search engines become exceptionally important. Search engines main stream literature has been debating the following perspectives: technology, user level of expertise and confidence, organizational impact, and just recently power issues. However, the trade-off between informational fluxes versus control has been disregarded. So, our intention is to discuss such gap, and for that, the overall structure of the chapter is: information, search engines, control and its dimensions, and exploit Google as a case study

Network tourism: A fallacy of location privacy!

This contribution aims to discuss if “locational” privacy in tourism is a fallacy! Nevertheless, the authors inform that the reason for this debate is 21st century tourist distinctive characteristic, constantly “wired” through ICT, leading to serious ethical issues as regards to personal privacy. Therefore, this paper is divided into five core sections: background (tourist, and ICT for tourism and tourist); control (etymology, the thin bound concerning security, and control and personal data); privacy (the concept, evolution, and dimensions); empirical evidences (overview, crime scene investigation, and keen exhibits); and finally, discussion (act 1 and act 2)

Knowledge versus content in e-learning: a philosophical discussion!

Historically education has been supported by technology; however, during the past three decades electronic technologies for educational purposes have been used to achieve better learning outcomes. In fact, there are two main issues in using computers for educational purposes; that is, people learn “from” or “with” technologies. The e-learning literature reveals that technological and instructional perspectives had been widely diffused, with ethical and cultural issues only being considered more recently. The aim of this paper is to discuss a blurred distinction, which entails into all these fields of research: how do we define knowledge and content in an e-learning project

PKM: A pendulum for consultative-relational selling

Marketing and knowledge management convergence is a key trend of 21st century competitive business environment, in which, key account managers play an important strategic organisational role due to their blended expertise: technical (organisational and personal knowledge) and relational (trust and ethical behaviour). Although it remains a mystery how their personal knowledge is a key assumption for achieving long term results with customers, namely in consultative-relational selling. This manuscript aims to explore the importance of personal knowledge management in consultative-relational selling (pendulum), and to promote a plausible justification the authors will shed some light over Aureliano Pinheiro MPhil research project (consultative-relational selling influence over customer loyalty in Portuguese luxury hotels and resorts). Thus, the paper recognizes seven sections: research project (aims and objectives, as well as, framing the discussion); case study (an overview, role of theory and role of researcher); customer loyalty (concept and the bond to selling); consultative sale (concept, technical issues and relational issues); relational selling (concept, trust and ethical behaviour); personal knowledge management; pendulum; a metaphorical discussion (the pendulum metaphor and empirical evidences)

Network tourism: a fallacy of location privacy!

Abstract This contribution aims to discuss if "locational" privacy in tourism is a fallacy! Nevertheless, the authors inform that the reason for this debate is 21 st century tourist distinctive characteristic, constantly "wired" through ICT, leading to serious ethical issues as regards to personal privacy. Therefore, this paper is divided into five core sections: background (tourist, and ICT for tourism and tourist); control (etymology, the thin bound concerning security, and control and personal data); privacy (the concept, evolution, and dimensions); empirical evidences (overview, crime scene investigation, and keen exhibits); and finally, discussion (act 1 and act 2)

Big data : suporte consistente das decisões de gestão

Lusíada. Economia & empresa. - ISSN 1645-6750. - S. 2, n. 21 (2016). - p. 9-19Este artigo foca a descrição das inovações introduzidas por Big Data, a sua evolução exponencial e as novas abordagens tecnológicas e alguns dos temas éticos associados bem como as possíveis mudanças para a sociedade